Widespread Distribution and Long-term Continuous Precipitation of Hydrogenetic Ferromanganese Deposits in the NW Pacific Ocean

International Marine Minerals Society
Akira Usui Ian J. Graham Robert G. Ditchburn Albert Zondervan Hiroshi Shibasaki Hajime Hishida
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International Marine Minerals Society
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Abstract

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Earlier reconnaissance geological survey and recent mineral exploration by the Geological Survey of Japan (now part of AIST), Metal Mining Agency of Japan (now part of JOGMEC) have revealed that hydrogenetic ferromanganese crusts are widespread over rock outcrops of the floor of the NW Pacific Ocean, south and east of the Japanese Islands, despite vigorous tectonic activity, such as subduction and backarc spreading. Deposition of ferromanganese oxides has occurred since at least the mid-Paleogene over the Philippine Sea Plate region and nearby.
Citation

APA: Akira Usui Ian J. Graham Robert G. Ditchburn Albert Zondervan Hiroshi Shibasaki Hajime Hishida  Widespread Distribution and Long-term Continuous Precipitation of Hydrogenetic Ferromanganese Deposits in the NW Pacific Ocean

MLA: Akira Usui Ian J. Graham Robert G. Ditchburn Albert Zondervan Hiroshi Shibasaki Hajime Hishida Widespread Distribution and Long-term Continuous Precipitation of Hydrogenetic Ferromanganese Deposits in the NW Pacific Ocean. International Marine Minerals Society,

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