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By Luiz Bruno de Oliveira Araujo, Luciano Morais Teixeira, Luiz Gustavo Pedrosa de Melo, Altair Lúcio de Souza

The off-line simulation of the metallurgical process in an industrial line brings several benefits such as: evaluation of the influence of the main parameters that affect the results of the process, comparison between different set ups, greater assertiveness in operational adjustments, process optimization and reduction tests for development of new products. With this objective, a software for offline simulation of the hot strip mill process of Gerdau Ouro Branco was developed based on the logic of calculations implemented in the online model. The software results in important process variables such as mill pass scale, load, torque, and power at each pass, temperature and the hot mean flow stress of the simulated material. During rolling mill process the strip presents different temperatures and time between passes for different points along the length, which directly influences the hot strength of the product and consequently in the calculated variables, thus the calculations executed by the software were divided to three points of the strip, head, body and tail bringing the individual results to each of these positions.

Oct 1, 2019

By Anthony Garotinho Barros Assed Matheus de Oliveirar, Wagner Anacleto Pinheiro, Andreza Menezes Lima

Óxido de grafeno foi sintetizado e posteriormente reduzido pelo uso de vitamina C. Para comparação entre o óxido de grafeno (GO) e o óxido de grafeno reduzido (rGO) foram utilizadas as técnicas de difração de raios X (DRX), microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e espetroscopia Raman (ER). Na etapa da síntese do óxido de grafeno por DRX confirmou-se a efetiva oxidação do grafite precursor, enquanto por MEV observou-se a esfoliação dos flocos de grafite em folhas de GO. Após a redução, por meio de DRX e ER analisou-se a remoção dos grupos funcionais, enquanto por MEV a morfologia das folhas do material.

Nov 16, 2019

By Klaus Pronold

Once installed rolling mills can look forward to a long life. Around 40% of the 140 conventional hot strip mills presently in operation were built between 1960 and 1970. 17 of the 29 CSP®-plants were commissioned before the year 2000 and have automation platforms that are obsolete and/or have outdated rolling technology. Keeping pace with the market requirements is an ongoing challenge for producers of flat steel. It is a real balancing act keeping production facilities performing at necessary levels, safeguarding the investment and keeping outage periods to a minimum. To overcome these demanding factors and strike the right balance allowing for the production of higher grade steel that meets the current market price the installation of mechanical equipment as well as automation platforms and process technology must meet the latest technology standards. Being discussed in this paper are the different motives for modernizations along with their impact on project handling and commissioning philosophies. Experience gained during recent modernization projects in the field of flat steel rolling relating to Steckel / plate mills or current CSP® modernizations will be shared and demonstrate that each modernization has its own individual solution. Specific strategies are explained to help optimize production, increase plant agility and maximize the return on investment.

Aug 17, 2017