Search Documents

Meeting of Dec. 18, 1914. Charles F. Rand, Karl Eilers, and William L. Saunders were appointed a Committee to audit the accounts of the Institute. The matter of the Committee to investigate the relative merits in metallurgical work of turbo-blowers and the reciprocating blowing engine was laid on the table. Benjamin B. Thayer was elected representative on the Board of Trustees of the United Engineering Society to succeed James F. Kemp. Upon the recommendation of the Committee on Membership, 32 Members, 8 Associates, 3 Juniors were elected, and the status of one Associate was changed to that of Member. Twenty-six members owing dues for from three to six years were dropped from the rolls in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution.

Jan 2, 1915

By C. Schlumberger

LAST year the authors presented a paper that discussed the various electrical measurements they perform in drill holes, which they name "electrical coring."' The object of the present paper is to give a brief account of the points of scientific interest that have been elucidated by further field work and laboratory research, as well as the economic results that have been attained recently. The practical examples given in this paper are drawn, for the most part, from the field work performed in Russian oil fields during the years 1931 and 1932. This is due to the fact that, thanks to the comprehensive cooperation of the Russian geologists and scientists, the authors are allowed to make public a large amount of recent information. In other countries in which the authors are engaged in similar work, the competi-tion between private companies makes it imperative, for a considerable lapse of time, to avoid publication of the results obtained. The following points will be discussed successively, under sepa-rate headings: 1. Electrochemical phenomena in drill holes. 2. Stratigraphic correlations and tectonic studies. 3. Relations between the productivity of oil horizons and their electrical resistivity. 4. Location of coal seams. 5. Summary and conclusions.

Jan 1, 1933

By C. A. Heiland

THE Eötvös torsion balance permits the measurement of certain second derivatives of the gravity-potential, which are known as the gradients of gravity and the curvature values for an equipotential plane of gravity. These quantities are influenced on level ground by the configuration of the masses underneath. Hence, the torsion balance has gained great importance for the location of geological structures and thus indirectly for the discovery of oil and other mineral deposits. If the ground is not level, however, the measurements become more difficult, because the superficial mass-irregularities also produce more or less considerable disturbances. It is necessary, therefore, to determine the shape of the surrounding topography by leveling as well as by consulting topographic maps and to compute its influence upon the torsion balance. The correction thus determined is called, in general, the topographic correction; it is composed of two constituents, the terrain correction and the cartographic correction. The terrain correction would be that part of the topographic correction as derived from the direct leveling of the area surrounding the station; whereas the data for the computation of the cartographic correction are obtained from a topographic map, usually beginning with a radius of 100 meters, as under most circumstances it is difficult to level along a larger concentric circle about the station.

Jan 1, 1928

Jan 1, 1941

By John Hillman

Reconstruction of the British mining industry began shortly after nationalization in 1947 and continued until well into the 1950s with the support of the government. This support diminished as plentiful supplies of cheap oil from the Middle East made many coal mines uneconomic. The planned rundown which followed was foreshadowed in the 1965 White Paper which outlined financial measures to speed the closure of uneconomic collieries. The decline appeared likely to continue into the 21st century as the role of coal in UK energy requirements became less and less significant. This policy was well on course in 1973 when the oil crisis led to a complete reappraisal of the position. A government examination in 1974 of the coal industry then supported the National Coal Board's general strategy of major capital investment as set out in its 'Plan for Coal'. The plan was aimed at halting the intended decline in the industry's capacity and restoring it to 120 million tons of deep mined output in 1985. The plan proposed action along the following lines: Increase output by major investment in construction at existing collieries with sufficient reserves to give 13 million tons per annum extra output.

Jan 1, 1980

Impact Transition Temperatures of Some Pearlite-Free Mild Steels As Affected by Heat Treatments in the Alpha Range H. P. Tardif (Canadian Armament Research and Development Establishment, Quebec)—Mr. Josefsson is to be congratulated for his study of a most difficult subject and for the theories proposed to explain the re- sults. One point which, however, might not have received proper attention is that of the shape of the stress-strain curve at the yield point of quenched and furnace-cooled specimens and of specimens strain aged

Jan 1, 1956

By Harry L. Washburn, Robert L. Llewellyn, W. J. Halvorsen

Many of the problems that occur in the preparation plant originate from practices in the mine. Impurities in raw coal can be in the seam itself or from extraneous material taken in mining from the roof or bottom. In the case of underground mines, the choice of mining equipment will affect the size consist and the amount of extraneous material included with the coal. Also, governmental regulations concerning the degree of rock dusting, gobbing underground, and cleanup have increased the dirt in raw coal. Sulfur dioxide emission standards, on the other hand, are pressuring the coal industry to clean coal more thoroughly. Coal supplied for coking purposes is nearly all upgraded by washing, while for the largest market, electric power generation, a high proportion is shipped as a raw product with processing, in whole or in part, only necessary when excess impurities are mined with the coal. This chapter will deal primarily with plants that process or wash coal to some extent (Fig. 1) and only incidentally with mines shipping raw run-of-mine coal crushed to a top size of, usually, 51 to 102 mm (2 to 4 in.), with little, if any, other treatment. JUSTIFICATION FOR COAL PREPARATION During the past decade, major changes have occurred affecting the market, profit, and long-range planning of the coal industry. Mining companies have become "partners" with consumers at many new and some old mines, both for steam and metallurgical coals. Coal properties have become "assigned" tonnages at mutually agreed upon conditions and prices. Lower unit-train tariffs have been instrumental in helping coal markets to compete against oil and nuclear energy. Coal prices for power plants are still on a Btu (British thermal unit)

Jan 1, 1981

Jan 1, 1964

R. L. Fleischer (Department of Metallurgy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology)— The authors have presented valuable observations of oehavior of aluminum at intermediate and high temperatures. I should like to consider their interpretation of the appearance of cross slip plane traces in sample B-3 as partly due to "bending of the crystal due to grip constraint." Because bending moments might be set

Jan 1, 1960

Prof. Mathesius analyzes the running of Howland's furnace No. 19, according to the method described by him in Stahl and Eisen, 1916, Nos. 30 and, 31, and in his work "Die physikalischen und chemischen Grundlagen den Eisenhüttenwesens" (Spamer, Leipzig). By assuming 500 Cal. lost from the hearth by radiation and cooling water per kilogram of pig iron made, a throat-gas temperature of 600° C., and taking the ratio of C02/CO as 0.64, he finds that his diagram would show 0.68 kg. of carbon oxidized per kilogram of pig iron, while Howland gives 0.66 kg. He expresses himself as well satisfied with this test of the accuracy of his theory. Making the further assumption that the heat losses from the shaft are 1,000 Cal. per kilogram of pig iron (twice as

Jan 5, 1917

Jan 2, 1953

By John F. Barkley, J. W. Woomer, H. F. Yancey, H. B. Charmbury

The coal picture in 1955 was much brighter than in 1954, when the tonnage produced dropped to the 1939 level. Bituminous coal and lignite production are expected to approach 465 million tons, against 392 million tons in 1954, an increase of about 19 pct. On the other hand, the production of anthracite declined about 7 pct to some 25 million tons. There was marked improvement in coal consumption in all industrial lines except railroads. At the end of November 1955 the largest consumer, electric power utilities, had used about 126 million tons, an increase of some 22 million tons over the previous year. Coke-oven consumption increased about 19 million tons and coal coked in beehive ovens increased about 1.5 million tons, due to heavy coke

Feb 1, 1956

By R. Fahn

Bentonites are best suited for the preparation of acid activated clays with efficient adsorption properties. They are weathering products of acid volcanic ashes and natural deposits are spread worldwide. The main constituent of bentonite is aluminum hydrosilicate montmorillonite with a high ability to swell. Physical and Chemical Properties of Montmorillonite The clay mineral montmorillonite is named after its place of discovery, near Montmorillon in southern France. The structure of this clay is shown in [Fig. 1]. The montmorillonite crystal consists of about 15-20 silicate plates. Each silicate plate is composed of three layers. The central one is formed by aluminum or by ferric hydrate octahedrons, the two outer ones consist of silicon dioxide tetrahedrons. In the presence of water, the montmorillonite crystal swells and water molecules become deposited between individual silicate layers. Two types of natural bentonites are known: the Western type, which is a natural sodium bentonite (high swelling grade), and the Southern type, an alkaline earth or calcium bentonite (low swelling grade). Southern bentonites have efficient adsorption properties of their own. They are called natural active earths or fullers earths. Acid Treatment of Bentonite Under the influence of a mineral acid, the exchangeable alkaline earth ions of bentonite are substituted by hydrogen ions. Moreover, depending on the acid concentration, temperature, pressure, and reaction time, a more or less pronounced leaching process takes place. Thereby Al-, Fe-, and Mg-ions are extracted from the octahedron layers. This results in a change in the crystalline structure of montmorillonite and in an increase of its specific surface area and porosity, as shown in [Fig. 2].

Jan 1, 1983

Jan 1, 1889

Jan 1, 1913

Jan 1, 1945

1. Any society of undergraduates at a technical school, comprising students in any branch of engineering, metallurgy, chemistry, geology, etc, may be recognized by the Board of Directors in its discretion as an Affiliated Student Society, and its name, to¬gether with the names of its president and its secretary, may be published in MINING AND METALLURGY or the DIRECTORY of the Institute. The members of such a society will not be named individually on the membership list of the Institute, but may at any time be proposed for election as associates or junior associates of the Institute, in the usual way. 2. Membership in an Affiliated Student Society, certified by the official representative thereof, and accompanied by suitable testimony as to character and qualifications, will have special weight with the Membership Committee of the Institute, in its consideration of the proposal of a candidate for membership. The Affiliated Student Societies receive the following privileges: 1 A copy of MINING AND METALLURGY free; 2. The use of Employment Service; 3. The use of MINING AND METALLURGY for publicity purposes, such as printing notices of their activities, etc ; 4. Assistance in obtaining speakers for their meetings, lists of moving-picture films, etc. To retain the privileges of the Affiliated Student Society, its officers must keep in touch with the Secretary of the Institute and advise him of its activities. The foregoing plan is not confined to students in mining engi¬neering or metallurgy. Any undergraduate society of engineers may avail itself of the privileges offered. Societies desiring to be recognized as Affiliated Student Societies are requested to make application to the Secretary of the Institute, giving particulars as to their nature, membership and officers. The accompanying list gives the names of the Affiliated Student Societies as of April 15, 1927, and their presidents and secretaries, in so far as they have been reported to the Secretary of the Insti¬tute.

Jan 1, 1923

The annual spring excursion of the College of Mines, University of Washington, is being made to the Coeur d?Alene region of northern Idaho. A party of 15 students and, instructors is visiting the Bunker Hill and Sullivan mine, mill and smelter at Kellogg, and several mines and mills in the neighborhood of Wallace and Mullan.

Jan 5, 1917

Elected Died 1895 *ABBOTT, AI ATTHUR 1908 1882 *ABBOTT, ARTHUR V 1906 1905 * ABE, MASAYOSHI 1909 1903 * ADAMS, CHARLES C. 1905 1906 * ADAMS, JOHN C. 1913 1905 * ADAMS, WILLAMS 1909 1903 * ADAMS, W. EDWARDS 1910 1884 *ADDY, MATTHEW 1896 1906 * AFFLECK, WILLIAM A. 1911 1889 * AKERS, WILLIAMS 1906 1905 * ALABASTER, RUPPERT C. 1911 1899 * ALBERGER, LOUIS R. 1911 1894 *ALLEN R B 1896 1905 * ALLEN, R. SCOTT 1906 1874 * AMIOT, H. 1892 1886 *AMSLER, CARL 1894 1898 ** ANFERSON, JOHN w. 1905 1895 *ÅNGSTROM, CARL 1901 1887 * ARCHBALD, JAMES 1910 1900 * ARLETT, GEORGE H 1906 1895 *ARMSTRONG, JOHN F 1898 1882 *ARNOLDS, HUGO 1886 1875 *ASHBURNER, CHARLES A 1889 1872 *ASIIBURNER, WILLIAM 1887 1883 *ATKINS, C M , JR 1885 1905 * AUSTEN, PETER T 1907

Jan 1, 1917

John R. Lucas was born Apr. 15, 1866, at St. Louis, Mo. From his 19th year until his death on his 51st birthday anniversary, he was engaged in the mining industry, in which, however, he made his beginning and achieved his progress after a somewhat unusual fashion. Presumably without previous training as a mining engineer, he became in April, 1885, and remained until the end of 1892, bookkeeper of the Granite Metal Mining Co. at its St. Louis office. Then for a year he served as bookkeeper of the same company at its mine in Montana. This official of a mining company is at the very heart of its operations; and if he possesses ambition and intelligence, may learn the business thoroughly. It is not surprising, therefore, that Mr. Lucas, being that kind of man, assumed, in 1894, a position with the Hope Mining Co., another St. Louis corporation operating in Montana, which he retained for eight years, serving not only in the office, but becoming also successively mill foreman and assayer. This varied practical experience prepared him for important administrative functions. From April, 1902, he was for many years the business agent of the Goodhope Mining Co. In 1903, he became also the assistant superintendent of the Granite Bi-metallic Consolidated Mining Co., and subsequently its superintendent-a position which he retained until his health failed at the end of 1916. In addition to the other Granite Bi-metallic properties, he had charge of the sapphire mines in the west fork of Rock Creek, Mont., the Basin Gulch placer mines, the claims of the former Hope Co., etc., all of which he managed with skill, integrity and recognized business ability.

Jan 6, 1918