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Those familiar with the war in France at first hand know that in these last two years the weight of the suffering has fallen upon the families of the well-to-do classes; those who before the war lived in comparative ease and comfort, with every prospect of educating their children as their parents and grandparents had been. Thousands of the men in these families have been killed, "officiers d'élite," and the small pensions accorded the widows permit them only to house and feed their children HELÈNE JOURNÈS. and give them a common-school education. The pension for a lieutenant's widow is $245 a year; for 'a captain's, $345; for a colonel's $575; and so on. At present, it requires three francs a day to provide food for one person in cities, and conditions are not improving. The American Ouvroir Funds, 681 Fifth Ave., New York City, has tried for nearly two years to have individual Americans give individual children a "bourse," or purse, as it is called, of from $150 to $250 a year, so that they may enter such educational institutions as the Lycées, the Polytechnique, Beaux Arts, St. Cyr, etc. The war relief societies of these military schools furnish photographs and histories of children under their care and on their lists.

Jan 12, 1918

By E. Dow Whitney, Ravrinda M. Chhatre, George Y. Onoda

Phosphate deposits in Florida are a possible source of byproduct uranium. In this paper, the distribution of uranium in several recently mined areas is described. Flowsheets are established for several mines describing how the uranium becomes distributed during the beneficiation of the phosphate matrix.

Jan 1, 1981

By Lynn B. Hales

The software systems which support the Pinto Valley Supervisory Control System are divided into three general categories. These are defined as the real-time operating system; a process data acquisition, reduction, and communication system; and a set of process-oriented systems which interface the operators and engineering staff to the process. The role of each of these three classes is reviewed. The software systems which provide reports, status displays, and trend graphs are discussed.

Jan 1, 1978

By R. W. Raymond

In connection with the discussion of the paper of Mr. James Gayley, presented at the Baltimore meeting, in February, 1892, on " The Preservation of the Hearth and Bosh-walls of the Blast-furnace,"* I offered a translation of a letter received from our distinguished honorary member, Professor P. Ritter von Tunner, concerning the use of carbon-bricks at the Donawitz furnace, then (February, 1892) in the third month of its campaign. The purpose of this brief paper is to put upon record later results of practice with carbon-bricks, both in this country and abroad.

Jan 1, 1897

By Robert J. Evans

An in-seam tester, which is a hydraulically activated single-pick instrument to measure and record pick cutting forces, was designed and fabricated to establish criteria necessary for the design and development of a water-jet-assisted rotary drum cutting system using moderate-pressure jets (3,000 to 10,000 psi). Data are presented for cutting trials in a simulated coal block and underground in the Pittsburgh coal seam for water-jet assist and dry cutting. Data analysis indicates that water-jet assist significantly reduces pick forces.

Jan 1, 1984

By D. M. McFarland

A FEW years ago a novel electric detonator known as the split-second or millisecond delay electric blasting cap was introduced for use in quarry blasting. Regular electric blasting caps fired in series may be depended upon to fire within a millisecond or so from the first to the last in a series. Regular delay electric blasting caps are provided that fire one period after the other period in intervals of 1/2 to possibly 1 l/2 sec. Most split-second or millisecond delays are designed to fire one period after the other period in possibly 25 to 50 millisecond intervals. The ear is not capable of detecting time intervals of this magnitude.

Jan 11, 1950

By M. A. Mahtab, T. M. Yegulalp

This paper presents the development and application of an approach for clustering fracture orientation data. Data are projected on the surface of the unit upper hemisphere and the clustering approach is applied in three steps: (1) randomness test and identification of dense clusters, (2) estimation of cluster statistics, using Bingham distribution, and (3) rejection of extremal data based on Chauvenet's criterion.

Jan 1, 1982

By A. P. Watt

Foreword...............................................................323 Location of District..................................................... 324 Geology and Mining..................................................... 325 Topography and Climate................................................. 325 Lcad Production of the District...........................................325 Operating Companies in Southeast Missouri................................ 327 History of the District................................................... 329 Present Method of Treating the Ore....................................... 335 Character of Ore Treated...........................................338 Chemical Analyses............................................. 339 Description of Polished Specimens.................................340 The Concentration Problem of the District............................. 341 Handpicking at Mine La Motte....................................... 343 Crushing............................................................344 Roll Practice in the District.......................................... 346 Screening Practice................................................... 347 Jigging the Ore..................................................... 347 Bull Jigging.................................................... 348 Hancock-jig Practice............................................ 348 Classification of the Ores.............................................. 350 Table Treatment....:............................................... 352 Regrinding of Middling.............................................. 354 Description of Marathon Mill..................................... 358 Results of Preliminary Tests.....................................359 Rod Wear in the Marathon Mill.................................. 367 Steel Consumption.............................................. 368 Design of Marathon Mills.............. :......................... 368 Treatment of Table Middling........................................ 368 Slime Concentration................................................. 370 Methods Used in the Past.......................................370 Present Methods of Treatment................................... 371 Flotation of Slime.......................;........................ 371

Jan 1, 1918

A method has been developed to remove calcite from the leaching circuit in the uranium in situ leaching system. The process involves injecting the leachate and a pH control agent tangentially into an inverted cone reactor containing calcite seed catalyst. The leachate can be treated at high throughput to obtain clear effluent containing 5 ppm or lower Ca. Both lime and ammonia are effective pH control agents and consumed according to stoichiometry.

Jan 1, 1985

By E. B. Ekren, F. C. Frischknecht

Recently released results of surveys employing the slingram and turam methods show the applicability of electrornagnetics in mapping new areas containing both oxidized and unoxidized iron in the Lake Superior region.

Jan 10, 1961

By K. A. Natarajan, I. Iwasaki

The influence of dissolved oxygen and the Pt - Pt-O reaction on the measurement of redox potentials in solutions containing ferrous-ferric couple was examined. Current-potential curves were used to illustrate the shift in measured potentials toward the oxygen potential in oxygenated and deoxygenated systems at low concentrations of ferrous and ferric ions. The ranges of concentrations of the ferrous-ferric couple, in which the interference from oxygen and the platinum-oxygen reactions becomes significant, are illustrated through the mixed potential mechanism.

Jan 1, 1975

Scientific elite of the Minerals Beneficiation Div. assembled in Denver, Colo., September 17 to 20 to commemorate the 50th Anniversary of Froth Flotation in the United States of America. In his warm address of welcome at the opening luncheon, John W. Vanderwilt, President, Colorado School of Mines, recalled his experience in Bonanza which coincided with the early days of flotation. In those years the scientific and engineering aspects of the process which we know today were little understood and operating the flotation circuit was considered an "art." Luncheon Chairman H. L. McNeill caught the flavor of the old days in an anecdote which recalled the mill nightmares to many present with the agonized words, "Oh God, what's happened to the concentrate now!" It was an appropriate gesture when he called the names of some of the flotation greats for presentation to the assembly; and many an "artist" there was among them!

Jan 10, 1961

By Dale Dixon, A. R. MacPherson

The present comminution process in principle has remained more or less the same for the last 50 years. The majority of the changes have been in the fields of equipment improvements and size increases of prevailing systems. The development and utilization of completely new systems has virtually been non-existent. As energy and steeel costs increase and lower grade ores are mined, the comminution costs per ton of ore treated must improve accordingly or the operations will not be profitable. The chapter examines further developments in existing systems and touches on relatively unexplored methods of comminution appropriate for future needs.

Jan 1, 1982

By F. Valton

(Read at the Wilkes-Barre Meeting, May, 1877.) IN the number of the Engineering and Mining Journal for April 7th, 1877, Mr. W. P. Ward, of Cartersville, Georgia, explains in a very interesting manner, the results he obtained in the manufacture of ferromanganese in the blast furnace. These results may be summed tip as follows : Production in the blast furnace of an alloy containing 67.2 per cent. manganese and 3 per cent. of carbon at most, with a utilization of the manganese amounting to 58 per cent. With the exception of the indicated proportion of carbon, which should be almost doubled to express the true state of facts, we would have had no observations to make on Mr. Ward's paper had he taken into account the results obtained in the same line in other centres of production. Before 1870, spiegel with 8 or 10 per cent. manganese only was known among blast-furnace products. In a journey to Sweden, in 1871, I ascertained that the Schysshyttan works manufactured regularly a spiegel with 18 per cent. manganese. Later, at the Vienna Exhibition, in 1873, the Sava and Jauerburg works, in Carniola, presented to the jury a ferromanganese, obtained in the blast fur-

Jan 1, 1878

By D. M. Hausen

This study identifies and describes various crystalline phases of the V205-Na20 system, and relates their properties to metallurgical aspects of vanadium production. Phase equilibria and stability ranges of sodium vanadate phases of varying molar ratios of Na20/V205 were investigated in a variety of plant products, ranging from fused "black cakes" (V20 melts) to "salt roast" calcines. Crystalline compounds, Including vanadium pentoxide, V205; sodium vanadyl vanadate, 6 phase, Na2O.V2O5.5V2O5; sodium vanadyl vanadate, y phase, 5Na20.V204.12V205; sodium metavanadate, Na20 .V 05; sodium pyrovanadate , 2Na20 .V205; and sodium orthovanadate, 4Na20.~2~5, have been characterized with the aid of X-ray diffraction patterns, infrared spectra, and optical properties in addition to chemical analyses, as a guide to mineralogical "troubleshooting" of plant problems and processes in vanadium pyro- and hydrometallurgy.

Jan 1, 1984

By F. F. Aplan, E. C. Dowling, R. R. Klimpel

Numerous flotation models have been proposed in the literature. Thirteen of these have been applied to batch flotation data and evaluated with respect to one another using statistical techniques. Flotation tests were carried out on samples of a US porphyry copper ore (Pinto Valley, AZ). The ore was tested using various collector and frother systems to produce different time-recovery profiles. These were used to calculate flotation rate and ultimate recovery parameters for each model. The models were then evaluated statistically to determine the overall fit of the calculated to the observed data and to test the range of significance of the parameters in each model.

Jan 1, 1986

By Wilbur Nelson

Little drilling has been done in Kentucky and Tennessee in 1923, with the exception of the Kettle Creek area on the Kentucky-Tennessee line. Oil prices fluctuated between $2.86 and $1.36 Per bbl. for light oil. The Kentucky production was slightly over 8,000,000 bbl., being 1,000,000 bbl. less than during 1922. Tennessee production was approximately 8500 bbl., being a decrease of 1000 bbl, over. 1922. During 1923, the first producing well was brought in, in Clay County, Tenn. Production in Tennessee will undoubtedly increase considerably in 1924, and Kentucky production will probably increase slightly. THE year 1923 has been a dull period in oil development in Kentucky and Tennessee, with the exception of the Kettle Creek area along the Tennessee-Kentucky line, in Clinton and Cumberland Counties, Kentucky, and Clay County, Tennessee. The price of oil during the year has been so low that wildcatters have shown little interest in drilling. At the beginning of the year, light oil sold for $2.31 per barrel and medium oil for $2.06 per, barrel. Prices increased to the highest point for the year in February, when light oil brought $2.86 per barrel and medium oil, $2.61. In April, prices had declined 35 c. while in May an additional decline of 25 c. went into effect. During June, prices declined 20 c. per barrel; during July, 45 c. per barrel; remained stationary during August and September, and dropped during November and December to the low price of $1.36 per barrel for light and $1.21 for medium oil. At present, an increase of 29 c. has brought the price of light oil up to $1.55, and indications are that the price will continue to increase during the coming months. It can readily be seen that during 1923 the price of oil was such as to prevent any drilling except that necessary to hold leases and to maintain production enough to take care of overhead expenses.

Jan 3, 1924

By B. E. Fernow

In order to ascertain to what extent the mining industry has been dependent upon forest-supplies, for the purpose of a report upon

Jan 1, 1889

By Carl R. Christiansen

Since the first pay hole in Missouri's "New Lead Belt" was drilled in 1955, this district has become one of the world's leading sources of lead. The belt extends from north of Viburnum in a southerly direction to near Eminence, a distance of about 35 miles. The St. Joseph Lead Company was the discoverer and first to develop new mines in the Viburnum area. Since the discovery of the New Lead Belt, many companies have engaged in exploration programs and several major companies have become active in development of new mines. These include Cominco American, Inc., which operates a joint venture with Dresser Industries; Ozark Lead Company, a subsidiary of Kennecott Copper Company; and Missouri Lead Operating Company, a joint venture of Arnax and Homestake. St. Joseph Lead Company, with over 100 years of experience in the Old Lead Belt, has served as a leader in development of equipment and mining techniques, making its properties some of the most efficient mining operations in the world. The new producers give the district the benefit of fresh viewpoints, as their engineers are mostly from outside of Missouri and their previous experience has been considerably different from conventional lead belt practices. While all operations are similar in that they are room-and-pillar, the diverse experience of the operators has produced a group of mines that employ a variety of equipment and mining techniques to give increased efficiency

Jan 1, 1970

By George Straghan, Ralph Thomas

OIL production in Kentucky in 1941 was 5,191,024 bbl., one barrel less than in the preceding year. The total completions for the state numbered 714, of which 256 were gas Manuscript received at the office of the Institute Feb. 26. 1942. * Geologist, .Kentucky Weal Virginia Gas Co., Ashland, Ky. † Geoloneist. Inland Gas Co.. Ashland. Kv. producers, 220 oil wells, and 227 dry holes. The total number was 95 more than in 1940. No new important oil or gas pools were discovered. The number of dry tests was large, although many of the dry holes could be considered wildcat tests. In western Kentucky, 365 wells were drilled, of which 145 were oil producers,

Jan 1, 1942