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Jan 1, 1934

ALABAMA Aldrich -Thomas, D A Altoona -Cain, J Anniston -Cowie, L K Walmsley, W N White, H E Ashland -Sturdevant, J C Bankhead -Connaway, M B Bessemer-Ball, E M McKenzie, W C, Jr Mitchell, F R Morgan, C Thompson, N E Birmingham -Abbott, C E Adams, J H

Jan 1, 1923

By Charles Williams

BOYLE'S law states that the volume of a gas at B constant temperature varies inversely as its pressure, PV = C, or V = C/P Therefore, the volume of a gas at any pressure is to its corresponding pressure as the volume of the same gas at atmospheric pressure is to atmospheric pressure, V, = V° Also, P1 P0 the volume of the gas at any other pressure is to its corresponding pressure as the volume of the gas at atmospheric pressure is to atmospheric. pressure, V2/P1 V0/P0 V°P VA Solving for V1 and V2, V2 = and V2 =V0P2/P0

Jan 2, 1927

By AIME AIME

THE CHAIRMAN of the fast growing Petroleum Division is not only a graduate of the University of California, but a third generation native son. After a few years spent in hard-rock geology, his professional efforts were transferred to the sedimentaries and to petroleum investigations, as a consulting geologist. For ten years these investigations covered the Rocky Mountain, Oklahoma, Texas, and eastern districts. After the war he returned to Casper, Wyo., as chief geologist for the Consolidated Royalty Oil and Western Exploration Companies. This employment afforded him the opportunity to study particularly the economic relationship between the lessor-lessee interests in development and production, a somewhat unusual type of petroleum specialization.

Jan 1, 1939

By Roy Thomas

SOON after the Waelz plant for the fire concentration of low-grade zinc ores was put into operation in the early part of 1929 at Katowice, it was found that the conveyor equipment for transporting the hot residue from the furnace dust chambers was inadequate. Hand tram-ming with water cooling was used for a time, but that method was injurious to the workmen as well as costly. The problem was to find some practical mechanical means of conveying flue dust at temperatures of from 450° to 600° C. as it was drawn from the dust chambers. After considerable preliminary investigation it was decided to install pneu-matic equipment for conveying the hot materials to a central mixing plant, where it would be mixed with slime and from which it would be returned to the furnace feed hoppers. The first pneumatic equipment was installed in 1930, and has been in successful operation since that time. The pneumatic method of transportation has shown a considerable saving in operating costs over the former methods of dust handling and a decided improvement in working and hygienic conditions at the plant, through the elimination of the dust hazard. Additional pneumatic equipment was installed in 1933 for conveying the furnace fume from the baghouses to the roaster plant. At the same time pick-up lines were provided for collecting the cleanings from the vertical and horizontal cooling pipes that are between the furnace dust chambers and the baghouses. The latter installation has practically eliminated a dusty and costly hand-tramming operation.

Jan 1, 1939

By S. J. Harrison

One of the operations of the J. L. Shiely Co. is quarrying in a hard granite gneiss with intrusions of gabbro or trap. During the winter of 1948-1949 the quarry ramp was lowered about 30 ft and during the 1949 season practically all drilling was done from the quarry floor, developing a face from 72 to 83 ft for the entire quarry area. The performance and cost table shows our record for 1948 and 1949.

Jan 9, 1950

The presentation of the John Fritz Medal to Professor Henry M. Hone will take place in the auditorium of the Engineering Societies? Building, 29 West 39t,h Street, New York, at 8:30 o'clock on the evening, of May 10. It is hoped that many members of the Institute will be able to attend this ceremony, and the committee desires to make special mention of the fact that ladies are cordially invited to be present.

Jan 5, 1917

R. B. Sosman, * Kearny, N. J.—Mr. Sweetser brought out that in certain blastfurnace slag compositions a change of one or two tenths of a per cent may be quite significant. That is true not only of blast-furnace slags but of other compositions as well. We have all been up against the necessity of having to plot out equilibrium diagrams of this kind on a big enough scale so that we could actually use them, the

Jan 1, 1935

R. B. Sosman, * Kearny, N. J.—Mr. Sweetser brought out that in certain blastfurnace slag compositions a change of one or two tenths of a per cent may be quite significant. That is true not only of blast-furnace slags but of other compositions as well. We have all been up against the necessity of having to plot out equilibrium diagrams of this kind on a big enough scale so that we could actually use them, the

Jan 1, 1935

By Ferdinand S. Ruttmann

The Tilly Foster iron-mine is situated in the southeastern part of Putnam County, New York, about fifty miles north of New York City, on the line of the New York City and Northern Railroad. There are a number of deposits of magnetite scattered throughout the county, the most important being those known as the Tilly Foster, the Mahopac, and the deposits of the Croton Magnetic Ore Company. (See the paper of Mr. Wendt, Transactions, xiii., 478.)

Jan 1, 1887

By Wallace E. Johnson, Leslie R. Hill

As part of a continuing study of intense energy effects on the earth, such as explosive cratering for Plowshare, large scale hydro- dynamic computer codes which numerically integrate the two-dimensional mass, momenta, and energy conservation equations have been adapted for use on geological materials. Experimentally determined nonlinear dynamic equations of state and constitutive equations governing material strength are incorporated into a two-material Eulerian code, DORF. With the use of this code, impact studies have been made of projectiles with arbitrary shapes in the r,z cylindrical plane normally incident on semi-infinite half-space targets. The impact of projectiles on rocks has been studied empirically and experimentally; however, this paper employs a theoretical approach. Particular examples selected involve the impact of aluminum and iron projectiles on oil shale at velocities of 0.5 and 1.0 cm/µsec. These studies offer a quick and economic means to edit quantities unavailable in an experiment and to independently study the effect of varying parameters such as material shape, density, and strength, and impact velocity. Results reveal early time agreement with experimental high-speed photography as seen in the bowl-shaped crater and spray. Initial impact pressures at the projectile-target contact are in close accord with the one-dimensional Rankine-Hugoniot relations for the impact of dissimilar materials. These equations require local continuity of pressure and particle velocity across the interface and were found to hold locally, quite independent of projectile shape. Essentially all projectile energy is transferred quickly to the oil shale target (tens of microseconds). Over 75% of the original kinetic energy

Jan 1, 1971

By W. R. Toeplitz

H. N. Ghenn.*—It has been established that the accuracy obtainable from any precision machine is a function of the wear resistance, maintenance and closeness of fit of the bearings, hence I would like to ask Mr. Toeplitz how these oil-less bearings compare with cast iron or babbitt or similar materials when used on precision machinery. Could these bearings be used, for example, on a grinding machine in which work must be held to a tolerance of plus or minus 0.000025 inch? W. R. TOEPLITZ.—The metal-powder bearings can be held to very close tolerances and are used in place of cast iron and babbitt on precision machinery.

Jan 1, 1945

Abdul-Ahad. A., Student, Montana School of Mines, Residence Hall Butte, Mont. '39 Abramovits, Charles, Student, Case School of Applied Science Cleveland, Ohio. '37 Abreu, Ovidio M., Student, Univ. of Nevada Reno, Nev. '38 Acker, Voscoe, Student, Agricultural & Mech. College of Texas College Station, Tex. '39 Adams, Albert, Student, New Mexico School of Mines Socorro. N. M. '38 Adams, Charles W., Student, Michigan College of Min. & Tech Houghton, Mich. '39 Adams, Hugh T., Jr., Student, Univ, of Oklahoma Norman, Okla. '39 Adams, Jack L., Student, Univ. of Oklahoma Norman, Okla. '39 Adams, Jack M., Student, Univ of Alaska College, Alaska. '39 Adams, Lewis J., Student, Agricultural & Mech. College of Texas, Box 2514, College Station, Tex. '39 Adams, Robert E., Research Engr., Battelle Memorial Inst Columbus, Ohio. '38 Adamson, George M., Jr.. Student, Univ. of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah. '39 Adkisson, J. F., Jr., Student, Agricultural & Mech. College of Texas, Box 1003, College Station. Tex. '38

Jan 1, 1939

By John M. Logan, John Handin

Quasi-dynamic triaxial compression tests have been done for the first time at confining pressures to 7 kb. The intermediate strain-rate apparatus employs a gas loading cylinder which allows axial strain rates up to 102/sec on a sample 2 cm in diameter and 4 cm long. Samples can be deformed at confining pressures to 7 kb. Strain gages bonded to the loading piston and to the jacketed specimen allow internal measurements of load and sample strains respectively. Westerly granite has been deformed at confining pressures to 7 kb, room temperature, and axial strain rates of 10-2 to 1/sec. An increase of ultimate strength with confining pressure was found as expected. The ultimate strength was also found to vary directly with increasing strain rate; the rate of rise increases with confining pressure. Brittle deformation has dominated the sample behavior. Solenhofen limestone has been deformed at confining pressures to 3 kb, room temperature, and axial strain rates of 10- to 10/sec. The brittle-ductile transition was found to take place at about 1.5 kb confining pressure at a strain rate of 10/sec.

Jan 1, 1971

D. C. JACKLING, the father of the porphyry coppers, has been honored for his pioneering in that field. There is another facet to Mr. Jackling's activities, one which now may prove an even greater monument than the big coppers-the story of his venture in taconite beneficiation. The essence of his porphyry development was mass handling of material. Not alone mining on a large scale, which was done on the Mesabi Range at the turn of the century, but the integration on a previously unknown scope of mining, milling, concentration, and in many cases, of final reduction to metal at the site. This was mass production applied to mining, treatment of a very low grade source material, previously considered submarginal.

Jan 1, 1954

Jan 1, 1900

J. M. TIPPETT? Colorado Springs, Co1o.-There are several points which offer ground for discussion, although the authors' indicated results leave small chance for argument. Under classification of the ores as they come to the mill, it will be noted that these are classified according to their lime contents. In previous years the classification was based upon sulfur contents, CaO not being considered; class A would be called the oxidized ore and class B the sulfides. Classification according to CaO is the first public indication that a decided change in the ore has necessitated improved methods of treatment. The very serious effect that CaO, even in small quantities, has upon extraction has been noted for some years.

Jan 11, 1918

Jan 1, 1953

By John R. Riede

Most beneficiation plants utilize automatic controls to varying degrees-some have the bare minimum of controls, others qualify as semi-auto- mated operations; a very few are nearing what may be termed "fully-automated" status. But for those plants that produce a filter cake product, the lack of suitable instrumentation for measuring and con- trolling the moisture of the filter cake has been a major stumbling block to fully-automated operations. Today in many cases, this bottle-neck can be removed because various moisture measuring devices are now available to permit automation of the filtering stage. What are these devices? . . . Where can they be used? To answer these questions, two types of operating plants-one, semi-automated and the other, almost fully automated-can be examined. Both plants employ disc filters from which is produced a magnetic concentrate for pelletizing. (The control schemes and equipment depicted in this article are similar to those usable in drum filter plants.)

Jan 3, 1967

By H. D. Kessler, F. A. Crossley, J. J. Rausch

The titanium-rich corner of the system Ti-AI-V has been studied to determine the phase relationships in the temperature interval 600° to 1200°C. Metallographic examination of long time isothermally annealed specimens was the principal method of investigation. TWENTY-SIX alloys in the region 1 to 22 pct A1 and 2 to 11 pct V, and the temperature range 600° to 1200°C, were studied as part of a program on phase relationships and transformation processes of titanium alloy systems. Experimental Procedure Preparation of Alloys—Materials used in the preparation of alloys were high purity Bureau of Mines sponge titanium (103 Bhn), 99.7 pct pure V chips obtained from the Electro Metallurgical Div., union Carbide and Carbon carp., and 99.71 pet pure A1 in the form of granulated shot from Aluminum cO. Of The alloy ingots, weighing l5 g, were melted in a nonconsumable tungsten electrode arc furnace un-

Jan 1, 1957