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By J. H. Nead

OBJECT THE experiments herein described were undertaken with a view to investigating thoroughly the influence of carbon on the tensile and impact physical properties of carbon steel. The original comprehensive plan included investigation of a series of steels with varying carbon contents over a wide range of heat treatments. These were to be studied as to their static tensile qualities, and also their resistance to shock as measured by the Charpy impact bending test. A thorough metallographic examination was likewise included in the schedule. The Charpy tests and the metallographic examination have not been completed to date, and are accordingly withheld for another report. All heat treatments, however, have been made, and the static tensile tests have been completed. A description of the procedure of the experiment and the results thus far obtained are therefore reported herein. CONCLUSIONS No attempt is made to draw general conclusions from these experiments, but the curves and the data are submitted as being of general importance and wide applicability.

Jan 12, 1915

Note Any member who desires to be designated as being "Available for Consulting Work" can arrange it simply by sending a written request to the office of the Secretary of the Institute The following list of members is primarily arranged geographically, with secondary consideration to political subdivisions arranged alphabetically First, the states of the United States , then other North America, in order Alaska, Canada, Mexico, the West Indies, and Central America Then cones South America, Europe, Africa, and Asia, each including the near by islands associated with those continents Australia, the islands to the north, and the Pacific islands except Japan are grouped together under Oceania The various countries are indexed on the preceding page NORTH AMERICA UNITED STATES ALABAMA America -Dyar, G C Anniston -DePriest, S H Klugh, B G Lefforge, J W Auburn Poor, R S Bankhead -Armstrong, W D Bessemer -Beck, A IV, Jr Carnes, D Chabot, L S , Jr Creveling, J C

Jan 1, 1952

The Diamond mechanical soot blower system, manufactured by the Power Specialty Co., Detroit, Mich., consists of a permanent installation of units arranged in groups to fit the design of the various boilers to which they are attached. The units are so arranged as to effect the cleaning of the fire surfaces of the boiler, particularly the tubes, by means of steam jets. When this steam is released among the tubes at a velocity of approximately 2700 ft. per sec. (assuming a pressure of 150 lb.), a perfect whirlwind of currents is created, reaching all the nooks and crannies of the boiler, and thoroughly removing the particles of soot and fine-ash accumulation. This operation requires but a moment's time-from 20 to 50 sec. per unit¬and is performed from two to four times a day, while the boiler is under full load, using a greatly decreased amount of steam and labor as compared with the hand hose or any other system of blowing. Moreover, this cleaning is effected without admitting air, with its cooling effects, to the boiler setting. The Diamond model "G" blower consists of five principal elements as follows: 1. A head through which the steam passes from the main supply line when the valve is opened. The head is the foundation element to which the other elements are attached. 2. A wall box which is bricked into the setting. The box supports the unit, and is so constructed that the blower can be turned freely without admitting air to the inside of the setting. 3. A blower element running cross-wise of the bank of tubes, and consisting of a small header with nozzles so placed as to discharge steam between the boiler tubes. 4. A sheave or hand wheel by means of which the blower element is rotated. 5. Bearings attached to the boiler tubes which support the blower element and permit it to revolve freely. The nozzles from which the steam issues are designed on the principle of the Venturi tube, and vary in design for different pressures. The expanding walls of the Venturi nozzle increase the velocity of the steam over 200 per cent., as compared with a nozzle having a straight orifice. Thus, the velocity of the steam issuing from a straight nozzle at 150 lb. pressure is 912 ft. per sec., whereas, at this pressure the velocity of the steam issuing from a Diamond Venturi nozzle is 2795 ft. per second.

Jan 5, 1918

By John Wellington Finch

INVESTIGATIONS by the Bureau of Mines of deposits containing strategic minerals were authorized by what has become known as the Strategic Materials Act (Public No. 117, 76th Congress, Chapter 190. 1st Session). A later act providing an appropriation for the first of four years through which the investigations are to be conducted was signed on Aug. 9, 1939. No time has since been lost as seven field projects already are being vigorously prosecuted, and two others no doubt soon will be in course of execution. Project engineers were at their stations within two days after funds had been made available. Crews have been hired; equipment and supplies have been purchased; 5 bids for diamond drilling have been obtained and the drilling has started base camps have been established: ground has been cleared; and several thousand feet of trenching, test-pitting, and sampling have already been done. At the Reno Experiment Station of the Bureau, a special metallurgical laboratory has been provided to make assays, analyses, and tests upon samples of ores from all projects under investigation.

Jan 1, 1939

SUDBURY ore processed by International Nickel Co. of Canada Ltd. was recovered for many years as two mill concentrates, one primarily of copper, and the other mixed pentlandite-pyrrhotite, But, Since iron content of the nickeliferous pyrrhotite concentrate was ten times its nickel value, capacity of smelting was limited by the need for slagging the excess iron. A process for recovering the iron con- tent was developed after some years of research and a $20-million plant was constructed to employ the new method. Built near Copper Cliff, Ont., the plant started operation early in 1956, scheduled for separate treatment of 365,000 tons of pyrrhotite each year. It is only the first unit of an installation which will have a capacity of more than 1 million tons per year of pyrrhotite. By early 1958, production totaled more than 200,000 long tons of 68 pct Fe pellets containing 0.003 pct P, 1.5 pct SiO2, 0.01 pct S, and 0.15 pct Ni.

Jan 8, 1958

By Wayne E. Tuomi

The mining industry is faced with a pressing problem; that is, to develop more efficient methods of extraction, handling and upgrading-techniques that will do the job faster and better than ever before. New techniques require new machines, or applications of new and improved materials that can be used to modify and improve existing machine and equipment designs. The traditional approach has been to increase productivity by increasing equipment size. Prognostication indicates that the trend toward larger equipment sizes and capacities will continue as one answer to the challenge imposed by future increases in mineral demands. But what is the limit on the continued growth of equipment size? Until about 1930, there was a very definite limit-a limit imposed by the strength of the steels and the power plants then available. The equipment engineer had come to an impasse: even though it was easily possible, for instance, to triple the size of a bucket, it had become impractical to correspondingly enlarge the boom, the counterweight, and the power plant.

Jan 3, 1967

By R. McDonald, B. C. Maine

CERRO'S power system consists of three main hydroelectric plants and one steam-electric plant. These are located on the eastern slope of the main Andes range at altitudes between 12,000 and 13,000 ft. The hydroelectric group utilizes the watershed which extends for about 150 kilometers south from Cerro de Pasco, divided into two catchment areas which lie adjacent. The northern area serve,, the medium-head plant of Mal¬paso. while the southern area provides for the high-head plants at Pachachaca and Oroya. The rainfall, as registered at the rain gauging stations of the three hydroelectric plants, averages 33 in. per year; all these stations are subject to the same hydrological conditions, and the bulk of precipitation occurs between October and March. Rainfall during the dry season, April till September, has no appreciable effect on the total annual runoff. Table 1 shows the storage capacities of the main reservoirs of the hydroelectric group. The four plants are tied together electrically by a 50-kv. transmission network, the system being 3-phase 3-wire at 60 cycles with a solidly grounded

Jan 1, 1945

(Members are urged to send in for this column, any notes. of interest concerning themselves or their fellow-members.) The following members registered at Institute headquarters during the month of May: Emil Gathmann, Baltimore, Md. Philip Argall, Denver, Colo. Albert H. Fay, Washington, D. C. A. C. Hodge, F.R.G.S., St. Austell, Eng. Alfred E. Barlow, Montreal, Canada. S. M. Marshall, Johnstown, Pa. B. C. Yates, Lead, S. D. Miltiades Armas, Paris, France. Leonard S. Austin, Salt Lake City. Albert Sauveur, Cambridge, Mass. Henry A. Wentworth, Boston, Mass. G. A. Reinhardt, Cambridge, Mass. Frank M. Leland, Mackay, Idaho. Fred Crabtree, Pittsburg, Pa. W. N. Crafts, Cleveland, Ohio. T. A. Rickard, London, England. Louis Hasbrouck, Kingston, N. Y. F. Lynwood Garrison, Philadelphia, Pa. F. V. Desloge, Desloge, Mo. S. B. Christy, Berkeley, Cal. E. C. Templeton, Palo Alto, Cal. H. A. Buehler, Rolla, Mo. L. D. Ricketts, Warren, Ariz. F. W. DeWolf, Urbana, Ill. J. E. Johnson, Jr., Ashland, Wis. Howland Bancroft, Denver, Colo. A. O. Granger, Cartersyille, Ga.

Jan 6, 1913

"Located at Canyon Ferry on the Missouri River, 17 miles from Helena and 63 miles from Butte. River drainage area 15,570 sq. miles. Built in 1898.DAM: Rock-filled, wooden crib, 490' long and 39' feet at maximum head; also masonry core, earth bulk-head 300' long and granite masonry abutments.SPILLWAY: 473' long, crest elevation 3660.5; steel flashboard system 10' high.PENSTOCKS: 10 main penstocks, 12' diam., about 40' long, leading from canal to turbines, each supplying 1 pair turbines.WHEELS: 4 main center discharge, horizontal units, each 1 pr. of 42"" wheels made by Dayton Globe Iron Works, and 6 main units, each 1 pr. of 45"" wheels made by S. Morgan Smith Co., all 157 r. p. m., normal head 34', and direct coupled to generators.GENERATORS: 10 W. E. & M. Co., Kodak Type, revolving armature, 750 k-w., 157 r. p. m., 550 v., 3 phase, 60 cycle alternators.OPERATION: The plant has large water storage and can carry peak loads to 12,000 h-p. It is the central control station for the system."

Jan 1, 1913

The June meeting was held on June 27, 1919, at 9.00 P.M., eight Directors, the Secretary and Assistant Secretary of the Institute, and eleven guests were present. An invitation was extended to Herbert C. Hoover to be a guest on his arrival in the United States. The President was authorized to appoint a committee to obtain a portrait of Herbert C. Hoover. The announcement was made of the receipt of $100,000 from the bequest of Dr. James Douglas, and the Finance Committee was authorized to invest this money and devote the income to the support and maintenance of the Library. The price of the Year Book was established at $2.00. S. A. Taylor was appointed delegate from the Institute to attend the dedication of the buildings of the Bureau of Mines at Pittsburgh. The President was authorized to appoint a committee to confer with the Development Committees of the other Founder Societies. Reports of the Treasurer and Finance Committee were presented and ordered filed.

Jan 8, 1919

The University of Illinois, by Prof. H. H. Stock, professor of mining engineering, sent out to its mining students a long letter urging them to attend a Chicago meeting of the Institute. It stated that the University Council authorized the remission of the registration fee for sophomore, junior and senior mining engineers who would attend the meetings and present a written account of the sessions and excursions attended. Young engineers are rarely flushed at the beginning of their careers but if they ever expect to amount to anything at the end of 10-years-they are going to regret that they have not long been a member of the Insti-tute. So that the slogan "Do it now" is snore than particularly appli-cable in their cases and nothing will better indicate to them the scope of the Institute's work and the advantages which they are to get from mem-bership than attendance at one of the big meetings of the Institute and the preparation of a written report on the sessions and excursions attended to be returned to the University.

Jan 11, 1919

SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA LOCAL .SECTION Executive Committee SEELEY W. MUDD, Chairman C. COLCOCK JONES, Vice-Chairman. FREDERICK J. H. MERRILL, Secretary-Treasurer, 631 Higgins Bldg., Los Angeles, Cal. RALPH ARNOLD A. B. CARPENTER The Southern California Section, held a dinner and meeting at. the Sierra; Madre Club, Los Angeles, on Friday evening, Sept. 28, 1915, at which 21 members and guests-were present. The Vice-Chairman, C. Colcock Jones; presided, in the absence of the Chairman. The amendment' to the By-Laws providing for the increase of the Executive Committee from five to seven members, having been formally presented at the annual meeting of June 18, 1915, and duly announced for consideration at this meeting, was voted on and unanimously adopted. Prof. Robert H. Richards of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; made a short address on the subject of ore concentration. The paper on the Geology and Ore Deposits of Mojave, County, Arizona, prepared by F. C. Shrader, was presented to the meeting by the Secretary and was discussed by Allen Burris and Dr. L. D. Godshall. F. J. H. MERRILL, Secretary.

Jan 11, 1915

By Roswell Johnson

To know the rate of decline of oil wells is very important, yet ordinarily we are prevented from getting this rate because the oil from several wells is put into one or a few tanks as soon as the wells have been connected to the power. The object of doing this is economy of tanks, pipes, labor and accounting. FIG. 1. But we are making a great sacrifice for this small economy. The advantages of the individual records are that we would know better: 1. When the well has ceased to be profitable. 2. When a well has gotten into bad condition. 3. The real record of the yield per acre and the rate of decline of the wells. The lease total is too mixed as to age of the wells for existing records to have much significance. To obtain such individual well records and more accurate logs are the great desiderata of satisfactory management of oil properties. 4. Which wells show the slowest decline-information which is valuable in locating new wells or purchasing adjoining leases.

Jan 6, 1917

W. M. CURSE, Mansfield, Ohio.-Outside of the commercial valu-ation of the material, for what purpose does this alloy-90 per cent. of copper, 6 ½ per cent. tin, 2 per cent. zinc, and 1 ½ per cent. Lead-seem to be eminently fitted? C. P. KARR.-So far as our tests go, it would be eminently fitted for steam valves and pistons, and for the work for which 88-10-2 bronze is generally used, although for very large castings it would not be superior to 88-8-4 bronze. P. E. MCKINNEY, * Washington, D. C.-Some time hack, clue to a desire to avoid some of the objectionable features of 88-10-2 bronze, particu-larly on heavy castings, also to save tin where possible, we took up the question of a substitute for 88-10-2 bronze, where red bronze was ordinarily specified. After trying most of the mixtures, we found that when using as low a tin content as is given in this proposed composi-

Jan 12, 1919

Colorado School of Mines Scientific Society held its first meeting on Friday evening, Jan. 14.1916. H. C. Parmalee gave an interesting talk on the Loss of Cyanide by Hydrolysis. F. E. BRIBER, Secretary. The School of Mines Society of the University of Minnesota held a meeting on Thursday evening, Jan. 13, 1916, at which Fred A. Jordan gave a talk on Magnetic Concentration of Iron Ores. Mr. Jordan is at present testing the new magnetic concentrator designed at the. School of Mines Experiment Station. This apparatus, if successful, will open up an enormous tonnage of ore on the Cuyuna and Mesabi ranges. ADOLPH DOVRE, President. At the College of Mines, University of Washington, Seattle, 33 mining men, with experience varying from one to 25 years, have enrolled in the 19th Annual Three Months' Short Session. At the annual smoker tendered the Short Session miners by the student branch of the American Institute of Mining Engineers, Capt. R. H. Stretch of the Alaska Bureau, Seattle Chamber of Commerce, delivered an address on The Mineral Belts of Alaska.

Jan 3, 1916

Discussion of the paper of Leonard Waldo, presented at the New York meeting, February, 1911, and printed in Bulletin No. 76, April, 1913, pp. 555 to 559. HERBERT HAAS, San Francisco, Cal. (communication to the Secretary*):-Referring to Leonard Waldo's paper on Temperature Conversion Tables, I believe the following formulas can be easily remembered, and by reference to the thermomter scales of Fahrenheit (F.), Celsius (C.), and Réaumur (R.), their derivation and relation are at once understood n° F. = 4/9 (n°-32) R. = (n°-32) C. n° C.=(9/5 n° + 32) F. = 4/5 n° R. n° R.=(9/4 n° + 32) F. = 5/4 n° C. As the freezing point of water is at 32° F., corresponding to 0° C. and 0° R., 32 must be deducted from the Fahrenheit degrees when these are converted into C. or R. degrees. Likewise, to C. or R. degrees converted into F. degrees 32 must be added. The fractions 4/9 and 5/9 and their reciprocals are obtained thus:

Jan 5, 1913

ROESLER MAX-Geology of the Iron-Ore Deposits of the Firmeza District, Oriente Province, Cuba. Discussed by William Kelly, J. T. Singewald, Jr., B. L. Miller, J. D. Irving, L. C. Graton, C. P. Berkey 439 SINGEWALD, J. T., JR., AND MILLER, B. L.-The Manganese Ores of the Lafayette District, Minas Geraes, Brazil. Discussed by L. C. Graton, J. T. Singewald, Jr., F. Lynwood Garrison HARDER, E. C.-Manganese Ores of Russia, India, Brazil, and Chile. Discussed by J. T. Singewald, Jr., E. C. Harder 454 SCHRADER, FRANK C.-Geology and Ore Deposits of Mohave County, Arizona. Discussed by J. C. Anderson McDOWELL, J. SPOTTS-A Study of the Silica Refractories. Discussed by J. W. Richards, H. D. Hibbard, W. F. Rochow, J. B. Umpleby-: 460 PHALEN, W. C.-The Conservation of Phosphate Rock in the United States. Discussed by E. G. Spilsbury 462 NORTON, S., AND LEFEVRE, S.-The Magnetic Concentration of Low-Grade Iron Ores. Discussed by G. C. Foote, J. L. W. Birkinbine, F. L. Nason 462

Jan 4, 1917

Meeting of April 24, 1914.-President Thayer announced the appointment of the Committee on Safety and Sanitation. The Committee on Nominations for officers for 1915 was appointed, as follows: William J. Cox, Chairman; H. Poster Bain, Joseph Daniels, Charles E. Mills, R. V. Norris, E. Gybbon Spilsbury, and Herbert A. Wheeler. The request of twenty residents of Salt Lake City and vicinity for permission to establish the Utah-Nevada Local Section was granted and R. C. Gemmell was appointed Chairman of the Committee on Organization. The following resolution was adopted: Resolved: That under authority of Article V, Section 7, of the Constitution, a special Committee be and hereby is appointed, to consist of the President and six other members of the Institute, to be named by him, Who shall be authorized to appear before the proper authorities at Washington and urge that Mining Engineers be appointed upon the proposed Commission for revision of the Federal Mining Laws. Further Resolved: That the activities of this special Committee be restricted to the authority given in this resolution.

Jan 6, 1914

(Members are urged to send in for this column any notes of interest concerning themselves or their fellow-members.) Members and guests who called at the Institute headquarters during the period Oct. 10; 1916 to Nov. 10, 1916. Edwin C. Bloomfield, Montreal. Roy E. Hoffman, Hannibal Mo. A. H. Collbran, Seoul, Korea. E. C. Harder, Cienfuegos, Cuba. Eugene Coste, Calgary, Canada. B. Jaeger, London, England. Fred Crabtree, Pittsburgh, Pa. Herbert H. Lauer, Philadelphia, Pa. P. St. John Dixon, London, England. Frank C. Laurie, Los Angeles, Cal. A. E. Drucker, London, England. 0. T. Lempriere, Melbourne, Australia. F. N. Flynn, Clifton, Ariz. W. C. Phalen, Washington D. C. Justice Grugan, Edwards, N. Y. William H. Rea, Pittsburgh, Pa. Fred A. Hale, Jr., Goodsprings, Nev. Thor Warner, Kingman, Ariz. P. S. Haury, Seoul, Korea. Arthur P. Allen has resigned his position with the Calumet & Hecla and is now connected with the Highland Mining Co., Ashcroft, B. C., Canada. H. Foster Bain, editor of the Mining Magazine of London, has resigned his position.

Jan 12, 1916

Benjamin B. Thayer was elected as representative of the Institute on the John Fritz Medal Board of Award vice Albert Sauveur, whose term expires. Robert M. Raymond was confirmed as member of the, Engineering Foundation Board for two years in accordance with the By-Laws of the United Engineering Society. The following preambles and resolutions were passed: WHEREAS, the Chamber of Commerce of the United States is taking a vote, through the Chambers of Commerce, Boards of Trade and other constituent members of the National Chamber situated throughout the country, on the question whether or not the primary natural resources, comprising timber, the ores and deposits of useful metals, and' the deposits of minerals, which are a source of heat, light and power, should he exempt through remedial Congressional legislation from the restrictive limitations of the Anti-Trust Acts, and WHEREAS, a Committee of the National Chamber, the Chairman of which is a Past President of the American Institute of - Mining Engineers, has recommended favorable action upon this question, and

Jan 2, 1917