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NEW MEMBERS The following list comprises the names of those persons who became members during the period Nov. 9, 1918, to Dec. 10, 1918. ALBERT, EDWARD J 235 E. Upsal St., Philadelphia, Pa. BARRY, D. A Supt. of. Mines, The Big Five Min. Co., Idaho Springs, Colo. BATON, GEORGE S., Cons. Min. Engr., Baton & Elliott, 2412 First National Bank Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa. BAXTER, HAROLD ALEXANDER, Met. Engr. & Operation Supt., Tacony Ordnance Corpn., Philadelphia, Pa. BENNETT, JOHN S., Chem. and Min. Engr Copiap6, Chile, South America. BOWDEN, MALCOLM, Min. Engr.; Efficiency Engr., Elm Orlu Min. Co., Butte, Mont. BROWN, HAROLD C 2d Lieut., A. S. A. P. BROWN, THOMAS ALBERT, Min. and Met. Engr.; Supt., The Royal Tiger Mines Co., Breckenridge, Summit Co., Colo. BROWN, WALTER S., Investigator, New Jersey Zinc Co. (of Pa.), Palmerton, Pa. BURDETTE, R.. S Capt., Ord. Dept., U. S. A. CALLANDER, IRA C., Asst. Supt., Gauley Mountain Coal Co., Jodie P. 0., Fayette Co., W. Va. COLLINS, J. W., Foundryman, The Aluminum Casting's Co., "L" Plant, Cleveland, Ohio,

Jan 1, 1919

Lieutenant Gorman was born in Ottawa, Canada, in 1888, and after preliminary education at Ottawa University and the Ottawa Collegiate Institute, he graduated from McGill University in 1913, as a mining engineer. After graduation, Mr. Gorman spent several months in a tour of Europe. The year 1909 was occupied at one of the Canadian graphite mines, and the summer of 1911 he spent with the Granby Mining, Smelting & Power Co., Ltd. At the time of his admission to the Institute, in 1914, he was sampler with the Dome mines at South Porcupine, Ontario. His next engagement was at the Creighton mine, Ontario, but in 1916 he joined the Canadian Expeditionary Force and went to England. A letter written by Major Ritchie, commanding the Second Tunnelling Company, to Lieut. Gorman's mother, contains the following words. Tommy was lulled at our headquarters by a nine-inch shell which struck the officers' quarters. The Hun had been shelling a small village close to the camp with a long-range gun and a shot fell into our camp. Tom was killed instantly by the concussion. He mas buried this morning with Military Honours in the military cemetery close to our camp. Tommy was an efficient officer and a good soldier and his loss is very keenly felt by the officers and men of this unit. Lieutenant William Hague William Hague, First Lieutenant Co. F, 116th Regiment of Engineers, and a member of the Institute since 1906, died of pneumonia in France, on Jan. 1, 1918. Lieutenant Hague was born in Orange, N. J., Mar. 31, 1882, the son of the late James D. Hague, a distinguished mining engineer and a life member of the Institute, and Mary Ward (Foote) Hague, of Guilford, Conn. He attended Milton Academy, Milton, Mass., and was graduated from Harvard in the class of 1904. He was a nephew of the late Arnold Hague, of the United States Geological Survey. Seven years ago he married Elizabeth Stone, of Milton, who with their son, James D. Hague, six years old, survives him. Lieutenant Hague's mining career began immediately after his graduation from Harvard, when he went to Bisbee, Ariz., to be a surveyor's helper in the mines of the Copper Queen Consolidated Mining Co. In 1905, he became an instrument man, being engaged on the construction work of the Copper Queen smelting plant at Douglas, Ariz. In the latter part of the same year he was transferred to the geological depart-

Jan 1, 1920

ALABAMA. Aldrich, Aldrich, W. F. Anniston, Noble, A. E. Auburn, Brown, R. L. Bessemer, Abbott, C. E., Ferguson, V. Birmingham, Aldrich, T. H., Aldrich, T. H., Jr., Allen, A. W., Bowron, J., Burbidge, T. A., Crawford, G. G., Crockard, F. H., Davis, F. H, Dimmick, F: D., Ellis, E. E., Geismer, H. S., Hiller, E., Johnson, G. R, Ludwig, C. P., McCormack, G. B., McCrery, Peters, R, Jr., Phillips, W. B., Pill, J. R., RamSay, E. Coal City, Pattberg, 0. F. E-msley, Wil¬liams, E. P. Helena, Squire, J. Holt, Shook, J. W. Huntsmlle, Moss. Ironton, Hudson, J., B. Lehigh, Toulmin. Bock Bun, Garvin, J. M. Woodward, Wood¬ward, A. H.

Jan 1, 1910

By H. K. Shearer

Oil production in north Louisiana in 1937 was 28,668,070 bbl., an increase of 1,896,925 bbl., or 7.1 per cent over 1936, as against an increase of 178 per cent from 1935 to 1936. Gas production of 301,148 million cu. ft. from gas wells and 17,330 million cu. ft. of casinghead gas, a total of 318,483 million, was an increase of 33,483 million cu. ft., or 11.7 per cent over 1936. Well completions numbered 716, with 411 oil wells, 175 gas wells and 130 dry holes; compared with 346, 109 and 78, respectively, in 1936. There were 58 wildcat dry holes. In addition to the wildcat producers described and tabulated with the fields, there were two small, shallow gas wells in Sabine and Tensas Parishes, which did not open fields of any present importance. At the close of 1937 there were only five wildcat tests actually drilling, with nine others shut down or temporarily abandoned. Chief interest during 1937 was in development rather than discoveries. The only real discoveries were two deep gas and distillate fields, Bear Creek and Ruston. There were also three completions of gas-distillate producers from deeper formations in old fields, of which the most important was at Cotton Valley, one discovery of oil in a previously known gas sand and five or six extensions of some importance. Geological Section The columnar section in south Arkansas (Fig. 1, p. 317) also applies in north Louisiana, with a few changes noted below. The oldest known formation in north Louisiana is a bed of rock salt. Except on salt domes, only one well at Rodessa has been drilled into this salt, but it has been penetrated by a number of wells in south Arkansas. Salt domes have been discovered near Vicksburg and Hattiesburg, Miss., and a deep well in Limestone County, Texas, has drilled into rock salt. In Louisiana the distance between the "interior salt-dome basin" and a salt dome of the "Gulf Coast salt basin" is hardly 60 miles. In short, evidence is accumulating to indicate that all of Louisiana, with the possible

Jan 1, 1938

By Arthur B. Foote

Ore production from the property of the Miami Copper Co. began early in 1911. Until 1925 this ore came from the so-called high-grade orebodies, which contained a little over 2 per cent. copper. This ore was mined by the following methods: 1. Top slicing after mining the peaks by square setting, which produced 4,524,347 tons, including ore from square setting. 2. Shrinkage stoping with sublevel caving of the pillars, which produced 2,230,577 tons. 3. Undercut caving with hand tramming, which produced 15,427,672 tons. Estimating December tonnage, the total ore mined to the end of 1929 will amount to slightly more than 43,000,000 tons. The first method was described by E. G. Deane' and the second by D. B. Scott,' and the third, together with a general description of the mine, by J. H. Hensley, Jr.' The geology of the district has been worked out by Dr. F. L. Ransome.2 The author acknowledges also the assistance of R. W. Hughes, assistant mine superintendent, E. V. Graybeal, chief mine engineer, A. J. McDermid and S. R. Burdick, engineers of Miami Copper Co., Miami, Arizona. Factors Influencing Selection of Mining Methods The mining method described herein was selected primarily with a low mining cost in view and was developed to avoid as far as possible dilution of the already very low-grade ore. In 1924, with the exhaustion of the high-grade orebodies in sight, it was decided to develop the low-grade orebody, which at that time contained 36,000,000 tons of ore assaying 1.06 per cent. copper, and had an area of 50 acres with an average thickness of 206 ft. overlain by an average thickness of 320 ft. of barren capping.

Jan 1, 1930

Jan 1, 1917

By E. Lancaster-Jones

THE gravity magnitudes obtained by means of observations with the Eötvös balance in the field are necessarily resultant or total effects due to all abnormalities of mass distribution, including even the effects due to the ellipticity and rotational motion of the whole earth. Since the object of the survey is to isolate the effects which arise solely from some particular subterranean, feature, and to deduce therefrom the configuration and extent of this feature, the first step is to eliminate from the observed effects all those due to "disturbing" (i. e., unwanted) features, whether above or below the surface of the ground. The disturbing features have different characteristics, according to their situation relative to the center of the balance and to the horizontal plane through the foot of the balance, or station point; this diversity was recognized by Eötvös, who divided the total effects into so-called Normal, Terrain, Topographical, Cartographical and Subterranean effects. This classification has been adhered to by most subsequent investigators, but the writer prefers to employ the term "three-dimensional," which really indicates the essential character of the class of effect known as "Subterranean," at any rate from the standpoint of the computer of effects. Before disturbing effects can be eliminated, the features must be measured up or surveyed, whether by topographical, mining, or boring methods, and then the effects of each feature calculated and subtracted from the total observed effects. After this the problem of interpreting the residual effects will itself necessitate the computation of the assumed feature, or even a series of trial features.

Jan 1, 1928

By D. L. Wood

This investigation was concerned with the aluminum-oxide particle dispersions, the mechanical properties, and the re-c,uystallization characteristics of some internally oxidized copper-aluminum alloys. Obserued hardness vaviations are in agreement with variations in oxide particle size revealed by electron metallographic studies. The increase in yield strength caused by internal oxidation is quite sensitive to matrix grain size and is accompanied by a loss of ductility, particularly at higher temperatures. Elevated temperature ductility is con-side,vably improved if major grain reorientation is accomplished by ve recrystallization prior to testing. The oxide particles offer a considerable restraint to softening during annealing after cold deformation. THE diffusion of oxygen under appropriate conditions into a suitable alloy causes solute oxide particles to be precipitated at an inward moving interface.1,2 Previous work has shown that the hardness

Jan 1, 1960

By Fred J. Hurst

In 1934, Irvin Lavine (A), University of North Dakota, stated that the low-rank coals (lignite and subbituminous) of this country represent a vast tonnage of fuel of commercial value and predicted that some day they will play an important role in our economic welfare. Lavine also pointed out that one of the major problems with efficient utilization of the low-rank coals is their high moisture content. Following the discovery of uranium-bearing lignite in the Williston basin of North and South Dakota in 1948 by D. G. Wyant and E. P. Beroni, detailed investigations were conducted (primarily during 1950 to 1954) by members of the U. S. Geological Survey to evaluate the geologic factors and economic possibilities of the radioactive lignites as a source of uranium. The information gained in these studies and summarized in several papers indicated that a large potential reserve of uranium is contained in the subbituminous coal and lignite deposits of the Dakotas and Wyoming (2,3,4). Most investigators concluded that an epigenetic emplacement of uranium in the coal by means of circulating groundwater and the more extensive concentrations of uranium in coal are apparently related to the permeability of the rocks enclosing the coal beds. Breger (5) and others have shown that uranium is readily adsorbed by coal and is held irreversibly as a disseminated adsorbed constituent. Briefly, lignite beds containing 0.1 to 10% uranium have been discovered in the Dakotas and Wyoming. The distribution of uranium was found to be erratic and was usually concentrated in thin layers, which were characteristically 10 to 14 in. thick and occasionally 30 to 36 in. thick. Lignite beds more than 3 ft. thick generally contain more uranium at the top of the bed than at the bottom. Special strip mining techniques are required to mine these thin

Jan 1, 1983

Jan 6, 1976

1. List of Manuscripts Seen in America 2. List of Manuscripts Seen in England 3. List of Maps Examined 4. List of Newspapers Examined 5. General Bibliography - Numbered Reference List

Jan 1, 1942

By William Sharp

DISCOVERY of new ore in the Eureka district, Nevada, as a result of bold and persistent exploration based on a geologic interpretation of structure has recently aroused wide comment in mining circles. It may therefore be of interest to the profession to have a summary of the historical background and an account of the recent program of development. The mines of Eureka, discovered in the late 1860's, were the first important silverlead mines in the United States. They have a production record of more than fifty-one million dollars.1 After the ore bodies were apparently bottomed in the 1880's, repeated attempts to find new ore were unsuccessful until 1940, when a diamond-drill hole cut a 40-ft width of sulphide ore 1409 ft below the 841-ft level of the Locan shaft. The next hole cut 30 ft, of ore and three additional holes drilled in 1943 and 1944 showed the ore body to be continuous, Shaft sinking to reach and open up the ore body has been in progress since 1945. GEOLOGY Stratigraphy The ore in the Eureka district occurs in a series of Cambrian sediments which is exposed through a thickness of over 6000 ft. The stratigraphic column is as follows:2 [THICKNESS, FI ORDOVICIAN Pogonip limestone (upper part). Thin bedded limestone with some chert. UPPER CAMBRIAN: Pogonip limestone (lower part). Thin-bedded limestone (with shaly limestone and chert).... 425+ Dunderberg shale. Shale (clay and calcareous shale) and thin bedded limestone340+ Hamburg dolomite. Dolomite and limestonegoo+ MIDDLE CAMBRIAN: Secret Canyon shale. Shale and thin-bedded limestone1,035 Geddes limestone. Carbonaceous, flaggy limestone with some shale partings 335 MIDDLE (?) AND LOWER CAMBRIAN: Eldorado dolomite. Dolomite and limestone2,000 LOWER CAMBRIAN: Prospect Mountain quartzite. Quartzite with occasional inter calated conglomerate and shale 1,660+ The Prospect Mountain quartzite has been subdivided into two formations: Upper part, Pioche shale. Shale, quartzite with some intercalated limestone (Lower Cambrian fossils)-200 ft. Lower part, Prospect Mountain quart zite proper-I,460+ft. Total thickness6,695+] Much the most productive of these formations has been the Eldorado dolomite, which yielded more than $42,000,000 at Ruby Hill and an additional amount

Jan 1, 1947

Jan 1, 1950

By Samuel B. Christy

Jan 1, 1889

By William H. Emmons

The problem of the metalliferous veins has always been an outstanding one in the science of ore deposits. In recent years interest has been stimulated by Spurr, who maintains that veins have consolidated from magmas that have densities as great as the densities of ordinary rocks. Lindgren published a noteworthy paper1 in 1926, in which he supports the theory that veins are deposited chiefly by hot waters. Lindgren's paper was discussed by Singewald, Spurr, Kemp, Anderson, Colony, Bateman, Porter and others. The discussion, in the main, was centered on the interpretation of fragments that are included in veins. This paper also treats the problems of fragments in veins and includes a reply to a review by Spurr2 of a bulletin by Larsen and myself3 published by the United States Geological Survey on the geology and ore deposits of Creede, Colorado. Mineral veins containing fragments of the wall rock are common. At many places the fragments are completely isolated, one from the other, and are entirely surrounded by vein matter. It has been stated that the vein matter around the fragments was heavier than the fragments and that the latter were floated in a magma. J. E. Spurr, who is the leading advocate of this hypothesis, 4 urges that normal mineral veins were deposited by solutions heavy enough to float fragments of the country rock, and it is mainly on this relation that he bases his theory that veins are deposited by solidification of magmas. If it can be shown that vein-forming solutions have a specific gravity greater than rock (2.77), one is justified in regarding them as true mag-matic solutions. It is shown later in this paper, however, that at Lead, S. D., water not more highly concentrated than ordinary drinking water is depositing vein matter around fragments of schist and of steel in such a manner that the fragments are completely isolated and completely surrounded by the mineral cement.

Jan 1, 1928

Jan 1, 1893

By C. W. Wahsburne

Former studies of sedimentatry strata have been based upon the mineralogical and mechanical characters of the solid components, rather than upon the open spaces between them.

Jan 1, 1915

R. W. Guard (General Electric Co., Schenectady)— The method of fractional replication discussed by the author has proven very valuable to us in applied research connected with alloy and process development where many of the same experimental difficulties exist. Several of our experiences may be of assistance to those who want to apply the method in these fields. Contrary to the author's observation that interactions are rarely significant, we have found in a number of cases that first order interactions exist which are significant and metallurgically important. Because of this difference there are two further precautions which should be taken in order to minimize the difficulties from this point. First, in evaluating the importance of

Jan 1, 1957

By Sherwin F. Kelly

The Geophysics Education Committee was organized in 1938 and presented its first report at the A.I.M.E. annual meeting in February, 1939, at a session held jointly with the Committee on Geophysical Methods of Exploration. REPORT OF 1939 The first task the Committee set itself was to find out in which universities the subject of geophysics was being taught, and the manner in which such instruction was given. A questionnaire was drawn up and sent out to 147 universities in the United States, Canada, and abroad. Of these 100 replied. Their answers were then tabulated and analyzed, yielding the information summarized in the following pages. Two universities, Colorado School of Mines and St. Louis University, actually maintain departments of geophysics, while 3 Canadian and 31 American universities give courses on the subject. In other institutions, 45 in the United States and 5 in Canada, more or less extended reference is made to geophysics in lectures on other subjects. Altogether, there are at least 86 universities in the United States and Canada at which students may obtain instruction of some kind in geophysics. To enter the courses in geophysics given by 33 American universities, certain prerequisites are demanded, varying with the level at which the subject matter is treated. In analyzing the prerequisites, some assumptions had to be made: one year of college mathematics was taken to mean up to, but not including, calculus, while three years was presumed to embrace a course in differential equations. On this basis, 16 per cent require only elementary college mathematics, 40 per cent require differential and integral calculus, and 31 per cent require differential equations. A few demand even more advanced mathematics, while some list no prerequisite mathematics beyond high school. Evidently a student contemplating the study of geophysics should ground himself in calculus and differential equations. In physics, similar assumptions have been made as to time required in the subject. All of the universities giving geophysics require their students to take physics first, and 34 per cent require a standing in

Jan 1, 1940

By George Rice

THE A.I.M.E. Ground Movement and Subsidence Committee, pro-posed in 1920, held its first technical meeting in February 1923, under the able chairmanship of Mr. H. G. Moulton. The following list of papers and discussions, indicating the scope of the problems and relation to various conditions and method of mining, were given at that meeting by the distinguished mining engineers: J. Parke Channing, on Subsidence at Miami, Arizona; Howard N. Eavenson, on Mining an Upper Bitu-minous Seam after a Lower Seam Has Been Extracted; J. J. Rutledge, on Subsidence in Two Oklahoma Coal Mines; Benjamin F. Tillson, on Caving Cracks at the Franklin Mine, New Jersey; Dr. F. W. McNair, on the Dome Theory; William Kelly, on disadvantageous effects in Mining and Back-filling Working Upward a Steep-Pitching Iron-ore Bed; Eli T. Conner, on the good results of Back-Filling by Hydraulic Means in Preventing Destructive Subsidence in the Anthracite District; Thomas H. Claggett, on the merit of Systematic Pillar Drawing in Preventing Cracks in an Upper Seam; Henry H. Otto, successful results in the anthracite district in Mining Lower Seams before Upper Seams; Douglas Bunting, on Leading Factors Incident to Successful Mining of an Overlying Seam; Edwin Ludlow, on there being "less damage to buildings when there was complete removal of coal with complete packing than when room and pillar is used without extracting the pillars"; Edward O'Toole on "bumps" in eastern Kentucky mines, which he thought were the result of geologic stresses: H. A. Buehler, on Upheaval of Surface in an Illinois Case in Advance of the Face; and R. Dawson Hall, on The Mechanics of Subsidence from Mining. The author of this paper discussed various kinds of problems of ground movement and subsidence in both metal mining and coal mining; the production of great landslides by workings near an outcrop, as at Turtle Mountain, Alberta, Canada; and general

Jan 1, 1939