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The Institute maintains a dual relationship with students: (1) an individual relationship with a Student Associate; and (2) a relationship with local organizations of students, known as Affiliated Student Societies or Student Chapters. 1. The conditions of Student Associateship are set forth in Section 8, .Article 1 of the By-laws of the Institute (see p. 45 and following pages) During 1934, sundry amendments were made for the purpose of improving the student relationship. Post-graduate students are now eligible; and the associateship can be maintained, with the payment of the regular dues of $2 per gear, for 18 months following graduation in June. A Student Associate is given a subscription to MINING A ND METALLURGY: he is accorded the privilege of getting special publications such as "The Porphyry Coppers" and "Ore Deposits of the Western States" at the reduced prices applicable to Members; he has the privileges of the Engineering Societies Employment Service and the Engineering Societies Library; and he is not only invited but urged to attend all meetings of the Institute, its Divisions and its Local Sections. The Institute wants to extend the hand of professional fellowship to students following mineral industries curricula.

Jan 1, 1936

By S. P. Kinney, A. J. Boynton

This paper states that progress in blast-furnace engineering during the past five years is unimportant except for the advent of the electric precipitator for gas cleaning. It describes improvements in certain furnace details and in materials of construction. The paper is largely given over to a discussion of difficulties in operation due to disproportion between the diameter of the present-day furnace at the bosh and at the stock line. It is proposed to remedy this disproportion, and to restore relations in the diameter of stock line and bosh as they formerly existed, by a new method of filling. This method requires a double bell arranged to discharge towards the periphery or towards the center of the furnace. Coke is classified into two sizes, the small size going to the middle of the furnace, and the larger to the periphery along with the ore. By this means the resistance of the center of the furnace is increased, and the stock line diameter may be greatly increased. The writer believes that these modifications will result in a somewhat improved fuel economy and regularity of operation and also in a very greatly reduced production of flue dust.

Jan 1, 1935

Committee. ROBERT H. RICHARDS, Chairman. ALBERT SAUVEURr Vice-Chairman. AUGUSTUS H. EUSTIS, Secretary-Treasurer, 131 State St., Boston, Mass. TIMOTHY W. SPRAGUE. HENRY A. WENTWORTH. The thirteenth meeting of the Boston Local Section was held at the Engineers' Club, 2 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, on Monday evening, Oct. 6, 1913. Fourteen members and three guests were present at the dinner, at which Chairman Robert H. Richards presided. After the dinner, the Chairman expressed his pleasure in welcoming the members at the first dinner following the vacation. He said that lie had attended a meeting of the Directors of the parent society in New York ; that they had asked what the Boston Section were doing, and expressed their hope that we would be able to make some of our papers formal and offer them for publication. The Chairman then said that lie realized the objection to this; that members were less willing to speak for publication than informally, but that lie hoped, nevertheless, that some of the speakers this year would see their way to write up a formal paper at some later date, along the general lines of their informal ,addresses.

Jan 11, 1913

By S. P. Kinney, A. J. Boynton

This paper states that progress in blast-furnace engineering during the past five years is unimportant except for the advent of the electric precipitator for gas cleaning. It describes improvements in certain furnace details and in materials of construction. The paper is largely given over to a discussion of difficulties in operation due to disproportion between the diameter of the present-day furnace at the bosh and at the stock line. It is proposed to remedy this disproportion, and to restore relations in the diameter of stock line and bosh as they formerly existed, by a new method of filling. This method requires a double bell arranged to discharge towards the periphery or towards the center of the furnace. Coke is classified into two sizes, the small size going to the middle of the furnace, and the larger to the periphery along with the ore. By this means the resistance of the center of the furnace is increased, and the stock line diameter may be greatly increased. The writer believes that these modifications will result in a somewhat improved fuel economy and regularity of operation and also in a very greatly reduced production of flue dust.

Jan 1, 1935

By Jack Fox

On May 16, 17 and 18, 1871, the first meeting of the AIME was held in Wilkes-Barre, Pa. It was then that the objectives of the American Institute of Mining Engineers were set up. The first ones were to enable the Members of AIME, "comprising Mining Engineers and other persons interested in mining and metallurgy, to meet together at fixed periods for the purpose of reading papers upon and discussing subjects which have for their aim the economical production of the useful minerals and metals, and the safety and welfare of those employed in these industries, and to circulate among its members, by means of its publications the in- formation thus obtained." Now, 100 years later, the American Institute of Mining Engineers, which has now grown to be the American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, is still pursuing those objectives. Dues in 1871 were fixed at $10 per year. Now1 100 years later, the dues have risen to $20 per year. But in pursuing the objectives of the Institute, the services to members have vastly increased, as have the general costs of doing business-even "non- profit" business like ours.

Jan 1, 1971

By Willard P. Ward

IT is the object of the present paper to bring to the notice of members of this Institute, the results of experiments made during the past six months in the manufacture of the alloys of iron and manganese in the blast-furnace. The ores at hand and available for the purpose were brown hematites, containing but a very small percentage of manganese, and various manganese ores containing a small percentage of iron. It is hardly necessary here to call attention to the statements regarding the production of iron-manganese alloys from such ores, which are given by all the well-recognized authorities on metallurgy. Suffice it to say, in a few words, that they hold that the operation is practically impossible, and that in the use of oxides of iron and manganese, mechanically intermixed in the same ore, much difficulty has been found in producing spiegeleisen. Spathic ores, containing manganese chemically combined, are alone recommended for the production of spiegel, and even then it is said that well-managed furnaces produce only about 75 to 80 per cent. of spiegel, the balance of the production being white laminated pig or gray iron.

Jan 1, 1876

By Jerry B. Newby

In the central Ohio area well completions and new production each increased 60 per cent. in 1928 over the previous year. Gas wells increased only 27 per cent. The ratio of dry holes to total completions was unchanged. Ashland County led with 113 completions; a new pool in the shallow Berea sand near Jeromesville stimulated activity. Licking County in the Clinton deep sand territory, however, lead in new production with 972 bbl. Two other deep sand counties followed closely, Coshocton with 831 bbl., and Muskingum with 718 barrels. The Trenton rock or Lima field of northwestern Ohio declined sharply in oil well completions to 130 for 1928 from 210 for the previous year. New production increased from 3000 to 6100 bbl., the increase coming from the Murphy pool in Liberty township, Seneca County. The total of gas wells was unchanged as compared with 1927. The ratio of dry holes to total completions rose from 13 per cent. in 1927 to 27 per cent, in 1928. The largest producer in the Murphy pool made 1200 bbl, in the first 24 hr. The total depth of the wells in this pool averages 1475 ft.; average initial production, 125 barrels.

Jan 1, 1929

By Burt C. Mariacher

The Minerals Beneficiation Division meets each year at the Annual Meeting of AIME. All members are invited and encouraged to attend. For the information of those who did not attend the meeting in Denver last February, this column presents a summary of the reports given and topics discussed. Technical Committee Coordination Consolidation of technical programs having common interest to MBD and the Extractive Metallurgy Division is proving a considerable success, both on the technical committee level-through the efforts of the MBD-EMD Coordinating Committee-and in special symposia. MBD Chairman, R. S. Shoemaker, noted that J. D. Prater will be serving as Chairman of both the MBD Chemical Processing Committee and the EMD Hydrometallurgy Committee for 1970-71. R. P. Ehrlich commented on the cooperative effort of both divisions in organizing the Copper Metallurgy Symposium held at the Denver Meeting. This effort, he said, was important to the success of the Symposium. H. R. Spedden discussed inter-Division coordination activities on the SME level. The forthcoming MBD-M&E-EMD Joint Lead-Zinc Symposium is yet another example of progress in this direction.

Jan 1, 1970

Discussion of the paper of JOEL H. WATKINS, presented at the New Fork meeting, February, 1915, and printed in Bulletin No. 98, February, 1915, pp. 391 to 411. H. Rims, Ithaca, N. Y.-It is interesting to contemplate to what extent the American pottery industry would be affected in case the English supply of china clay were shut off for a considerable period of time. The English deposits are very large, and are worked on a most extensive scale. They are more easily and probably more cheaply worked than our American deposits, which are of vein-like nature. The American producer of washed clay is not always as careful as the foreign miner and washer of this material, although he has improved in recent years. Our American washing plants are, furthermore, not as economical of material as it seems to me they might be, for the reason that more or less of the finest clay is often allowed to overflow, due to insufficient settling tank capacity. This fact is often shown by the milky character, of the streams into which the waste water is discharged.

Jan 5, 1915

As is known to representatives on Engineering Council, the Patents Committee of Council has collaborated with the similar committee of National Research Council in developing a scheme for the improvement of the method of dealing with patents in this country. The staff of the Patent Office is itself actively engaged in this effort. Out of the report prepared by the National Research Council, and approved and adopted by Engineering Council as the report also of its Patents Committee, remedial legislation has taken form. Three hills have been introduced, known as H.R. 5011, a bill to make the Patent Office independent of the Department of the Interior or any other department, and to simplify the procedure of the Courts with reference to assessment of damages or profits for infringement of patents; H.R. 5012, a bill to establish a single Court of Patent Appeals; and H.R. 7010, a bill to increase the force and salaries in the Patent Office. Chairman Charles A. Terry, of the Patents Committee, requests that representatives of Engineering Council write to their congressmen, urging the passage of these hills and so far as convenient, request their friends to do likewise.

Jan 9, 1919

Meeting of Mar. 26, 1915.-The following Committee on Nominations was appointed: Fred W. Bradley, Chairman; James F. Kemp, Past President; Frank M. Smith, Chairman Montana Section; R. C. Gemmell, Chairman Utah Section; Frank A. Ross, Chairman Columbia Section; Louis S. Cates, Arthur Thacher. The Committee on Precious and Base Metals and the Committee on . Coal and Coke were appointed, the personnel of which is shown in another part of this Bulletin. The President was authorized to appoint a Committee on Welfare with J. Parke Channing as Chairman. W. P. Cutter, Librarian of the United Engineering Societies' Library, was appointed a representative of the Institute on-the Committee oh Classification of Engineering Knowledge to co-operate with similar committees of other engineering societies. A vote of thanks was extended-to Edward B. Sturgis for his excellent work in arranging for the Annual Dinner. in February, of this year. The suns of $57.30 was appropriated to the New' York Section. It was resolved that in response to the courteous invitation from 36 members of the Institute in Arizona and the neighborhood, the 1916 summer meeting of the Institute be held in Arizona.

Jan 5, 1915

By Robert Glass Cleland

THIS IS a history of a company whose roots run deep into the nation's past and whose field of operations has never been narrowly confined. The men who founded Phelps Dodge were men of initiative and imagination. They were men of strong convictions and upright character. They held fast to the simple virtues and traditions of the days when America was young. This heritage they passed on to their successors. From the very beginning, under such leadership, Phelps Dodge became a company of large affairs. It bought and sold, exported and imported, built factories and organized railroads, converted great forests into lumber, and operated coal and iron mines. Much of the iron, copper, and tin plate used in the United States for a generation was under its control. Its business abroad was extensive enough to warrant the organization of a separate partnership in England. Then, almost half a century after its foundation, the company began to substitute new activities for old and eventually transferred its major operations to the West, primarily to Arizona. The family partnership became a corporation. Exporting and importing gave place to mining and metallurgy. Phelps Dodge became one of the largest

Jan 1, 1952

By P. Barnes

(Read at the Philadelphia Meeting, February, 1878.) SOME statements have already been made to the Institute in reference to the cost of other departments of the above-named works, and some details have been given in tabular form.* For the purpose of the present paper it may be sufficient to say that this converting works is made up of three buildings, a cupolahouse, an engine-house, and a converting-house. The machinery and fixtures comprise two blowing-engines, two pressure-pumps, two five-ton converters, five hydraulic cranes, three pig-iron cupolas, four spiegel cupolas, two lifts for the cupolas, together with the usual arrangements of smaller parts. Every effort was made in the construction to combine efficiency of operation with durability, and the general course of the operation of the works during two and a half years seems to warrant the belief that the large outlay has been fully justified. • In the accompanying tabular statement all items on vouchers less than ten dollars, and all freight items have been omitted. * See Transactions of the. Institute, iv, 105, v, 427; also, Engineering and Mining Journal, vow. xxi, 561, xxiii, p. 439, xxiv, 419.

Jan 1, 1878

By Willard P. Ward

It is the object of the present paper to bring to the notice of members of this Institute, the results of experiments made during the past six months in the manufacture of the alloys of iron and manganese in the blast-furnace. The ores at hand and available for the purpose were brown hematites, containing but a very small percentage of manganese, and various manganese ores containing a small percentage of iron. It is hardly necessary here to call attention to the statements regarding the production of iron-manganese alloys from such ores, which are given by all the well-recognized authorities on metallurgy. Suffice it to say, in a few words, that they hold that the operation is practically impossible, and that in the use of oxides of iron and manganese, mechanically intermixed in the same ore, much difficulty has been found in producing spiegeleisen. Spathic ores, containing manganese chemically combined, are alone recommended for the production of spiegel, and even then it is said that well-managed furnaces produce only about 75 to 80 per cent. of spiegel, the balance of the production being white laminated pig or gray iron.

By William Ide Pierce

It is often desirable to work an old mine that has not been in operation for some time arid that is filled with water. This is especially true in Nova Scotia, where no great depth has yet been reached in any of the mines. The following is a description of a self-dumping water-tank which was used by me at Tangier, for draining a mine, and which did the work of a large pump, while the original cost is merely nominal, in comparison with the price of a pump. The tank, A, Pig. 1, is 1 1/3 by 3 feet and 4 feet high, inside measurement, made of 2-inch stuff and securely bound with iron. There are two clacks in the bottom which open as the tank is lowered into the water, and which close and hold the water as the tank is raised. B is an iron rod running through the tank, below and back of the center, and projecting beyond the sides of the tank. C is one of two guides, and D, a movable iron rod in each guide. This rod, attached to an upright, E, is moved forward and close up

Jan 1, 1886

Discussion of the paper of Frederic P. Dewey, presented at the Cleveland Meeting, October, 1912, and printed in Bulletin -No. 70, October, 1912, pp. 1075 to 1101. EDWARD KELLER, Perth Amboy, N. J. (communication to the Secretary *) :-Mr. Dewey, in his paper, offers a liberal addition of new data to those already to be found in the technical literature on this subject. However, now as before, the work issuing from the U. S. mints and assay-offices conveys the impression that systematic sampling in those institutions is more or less a secondary consideration, the chief attention being given to the principle of producing approximately homogeneous bars; recourse being taken to remelting or refining the bullion. This practice has been definitely rejected in the realm of copper-bullion sampling, for the reason that in such operations there are always unaccounted losses. Does not the same objection hold true for gold-bullions; although, perhaps,in a lesser degree ? Differences of opinion would seem justified on the following statements made by Mr. Dewey: 1. "Only two classes of alloys can form homogeneous bars-those that are solid solutions, and the eutectics."

Jan 3, 1913

Restrictions on the use of zinc will be a thing off the past in a few months. Government allocations on the metal are also expected to go by the board. Concurrently, action is also expected in reference to lead allocations. Government stockpile goals for zinc have been reached. The International Union of Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers lent support to United Steel Worker demands and at the same time put in their own bid for a 25-cent an hour increase at a meeting held in Denver. While backing the USW, the IUMMSW charged the Steel Workers with membership raiding. Iron and steel companies producing about 92 pct of steel ingots in the United States, showed nearly a 13 pct decline in net profit during 1951, compared with the previous year, despite a 22 pct increase in their combined revenue. Federal income tax rose 61 pct, to more than 012 million. New iron ore reserves are being sought in Canada by Jones & Laughlin Steel Core, The company has acquired exploration options near Petersborough on the north shore of Lake Ontario in Durham, Northumberland and Frontenac Counties. *'A fourth property is southwest of Ottawa, in the Kingston, Ontario area..

Jan 1, 1952

Underground Transitmen.-Two transitmen with experience in shaft mines; need not be full grown engineers but entirely capable of doing accurate instrument work. Location Middle West coal mines. R-419. Draftsman.-Kentucky. $150 per month.. Extensive experience in map work and construction work, such as is found in and about coal-mining operations. Send sample f work and state whether or not married. R-606. Mine Transitman.-Kentucky. $140 per month. Considerable experience in and about coal mines; must also be a fair draftsman. Send sample of work and state whether or not married. R-607. Draftsman.-West Virginia. Experience on mine 'mapping and construction work, for position with coal and coke company. R-609. Civil Engineer.-China. Salary depends upon man. Technical education and training in general engineering and building construction. Man about 30 .years of age desired, preferably unmarried. The various engineering construction in which this firm is engaged are as follows: Investigations, inspections, reports and valuations, design and supervising of construction for industrial plants and bldgs., power plants, difficult foundations, bridges and steel structures, wharf and deck construction, river and harbor works, investigating and development

Jan 6, 1919

[ ] (17) WORTHINGTON: Cartoonist-author Don Herold recently took a look at the Worthington Corp., putting the results into a compact booklet called "A lot of things beside pumps." The story is aimed to better acquaint you with Worthington and how they came to produce a diversified industrial equipment. (18) SPEED REDUCERS: Now available is Cleveland Worm & Gear Co.'s new general catalog. In its 180 pages are the illustrations and description of the complete Cleveland line, together with full engineering data, dimensions, weights and horsepower capacities of the various drives. (19) METAL PRODUCTS: Armco Drainage and Metal Products, Inc. has just published a condensed 6-page catalog of its products designed for mining use. It describes and illustrates such products as Flex-Beam guardrails, corrugated metal pipe, liner plates, retaining walls, Steelox buildings, and welded pipe. (20) RECORDS: Pre-scheduled, controlled, preventive maintenance reduces costly downtime to a minimum and eliminates the need for large emergency crews. A new folder describes how such a program can be accomplished by using Remington Rand Inc., Kardex visible records. Another Remington Rand Inc. bulletin is the certified case history of how Kardex visible purchasing records help maintain a smooth running purchasing department.

Jan 1, 1952

There were present eleven Directors, the Secretary and Assistant Secretary of the Institute, and eleven guests. The Secretary, Bradley Stoughton, was appointed the representative of the Institute on the Board of. Directors of the American Bureau of Welding. A communication from a member of the Institute regarding simplified spelling was laid on the table. The following appropriations were made for the year. 1919: $250 to the Institute of Metals Division, $250 to the St. Louis Section, $100 to the Columbia Section. An invitation was received from the Western Society of Engineers to the Institute to use the facilities of that society during the A. I. M. E. Meeting in Chicago. The Bulletin of the Institute was presented to the French Congress of Engineers. There were elected twenty-eight members, eighteen associates, and three junior associates. The status of one member was changed from junior associate to associate. Four members were reinstated. An extension of time was granted to one member for payment of dues. The dues of four members on active military duty were suspended. Dues were remitted of four members who have been paying over thirty years, and who are each over seventy years of age.

Jan 5, 1919