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Iron and steel lire subjects that will receive the attention clue them at the meeting in. St. Louis. Within the past 2 years the smelting of iron ore on a large scale has been started in the St. Louis area, and the blast furnaces are in full operation. Ore is being received. from the Lake Superior region, in large barges .brought clown the Mississippi River. Firebrick, for the lining of the furnaces, is made in the. St. Louis district to a greater extent than elsewhere in the country. At this meeting, there will probably be a discussion of the possibilities of the increase of manganese production in this country, and of improved methods of using it in steel manufacture.

Jan 10, 1917

By L. J. Cabri

The calculation of metallurgical balances for precious metals is very dependent on a precise mineralogical understanding of the distribution of each element. Determination whether the precious metals occur as dilute solid solutions in major minerals is not always easy because of the relatively high levels of detection (9200-500 ppm) of the precious metals by the most common methods of in-situ analysis (e.g. electron microprobe). Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) analysis of sulfides from Izok Lake, N.W.T., Canada and from the Hilton mine, Mount Isa, Australia with a proton beam (proton microprobe) confirms solid solution of Ag in chalcopyrite from both deposits. In addition, chalcopyrite and sphalerite from Izok Lake both contain indium.

Jan 1, 1984

C. M. GARLAND,§ Chicago, Ill. (written discussion 11).-7--In the development of Mr. Traer's method for the low-temperature coking of Illinois coals, after the principles laid clown by Prof. Parr, it was soon demon-strated that, in order to yield a product of uniform volatile content, the coal must be coked in thin layers, and consequently must be handled in comparatively small volumes. This means, in the first place, that great care must he observed in the design of the coking chambers to prevent the loss of the products of distillation, and, in the-second place, that labor-saving devices must be utilized to the greatest possible extent in order to reduce the cost of handling.

Jan 12, 1918

By J. R. Billingsley

The Sunro mine, operated by Cowichan Copper Co. Ltd., under lease from Sunro Mines Ltd., a Cominco subsidiary, is located on the south end of Vancouver Island. Exploration and limited development before 1960 established the existence of twelve mineralized zones. The "B" and "C" orebodies of the River zone contained an estimated 937,000 tons of 1.80r/, copper plus approximately 35 cents per ton of precious metals. On reviewing the indicated tonnage and the exploration possibilities in the River zone and the other eleven zones it was decided to construct a 1500-tpd mill. In August 1961, excavating of chambers for a crushing plant and concentrator located underground near the River zone began.

Jan 12, 1963

By Charles Williams

BOYLE'S law states that the volume of a gas at B constant temperature varies inversely as its pressure, PV = C, or V = C/P Therefore, the volume of a gas at any pressure is to its corresponding pressure as the volume of the same gas at atmospheric pressure is to atmospheric pressure, V, = V° Also, P1 P0 the volume of the gas at any other pressure is to its corresponding pressure as the volume of the gas at atmospheric pressure is to atmospheric. pressure, V2/P1 V0/P0 V°P VA Solving for V1 and V2, V2 = and V2 =V0P2/P0

Jan 2, 1927

By Frederick Prime

TO an association like the one before which I read this paper, few questions can be more important and constantly recurring than the following, viz.: "What economy can be effected in the manufacture of American iron?" And it is the one with which I purpose to deal in this paper ; premising, however, that my object is merely to indicate the direction in which an answer should be sought for, rather than to give it myself. This subject may be divided into two parts, "Economy in the production of pig-iron," and "Economy in the manufacture of wrought-iron ;" but it is to the former alone that I shall confine myself this evening.

By Ralph E. Wood

X-ray fluorescence analysis can be profitably applied in the mineral industry by improving evaluation and control analyses, while offering lower cost and greater speed than conventional methods. Chemical analyses are not only a major item of cost in exploration and mining, as well as in milling and chemical treatment, but often cause evaluation and control of processing steps to lag behind operations. In the fields of geology and mining, the X-ray technique can be employed without destroying samples and, if necessary, specimens can be analyzed and then used, unchanged, in other evaluation techniques. Results are quickly made available for decisions on progress of exploration or sorting of waste and ore.

Jan 6, 1959

By D’Arcy A. Shock, J. G. Davis

Continental Oil Co. has spent more than four years of research on the fundamentals of recovery of potash by solution mining. This work included laboratory investigations of salt solution, brine flow, selective extraction of KC1 from sylvinite, and control of cavity geometry. Laboratory results were expanded by means of a series of field tests, and subjects such as well completion and hydraulic fracturing were added to the investigation. Both single-well and multiwell mining systems were studied in the field work. This paper discusses one field test in which potash was solution mined from a thin sylvinite ore zone in the Carlsbad Potash Basin. A two-well mining system was used for this test.

Jan 1, 1970

By W. F. Mullen

WITH few exceptions, unit operations in the Pennsylvania slate industry in 1950 did not differ appreciably from production methods described by Behre1 and Bowles 2-4 several decades ago. Many traditionally picturesque but relatively inefficient hand operations continued to contribute to high operating costs in an industry in which the margin of profit, for various reasons, was admittedly low. As part of a general program in which the Pennsylvania State College has been assisting the slate industry to solve some of its problems, time and method studies were used in an effort to determine the bottlenecks of production flow. The results are as applicable to other stone industries as they are to slate.

Jan 12, 1951

By R. K. Agarwal

Transforming from a mere novelty field of science to a well-recognized branch of engineering, the scientific discipline of rock mechanics continues to mature. The past decade has witnessed an unprecedented in- fusion of scientific research approach into mine design. In the preceding year alone, there were six national and international congresses which also indicated the increased interest, in rock mechanics and participation by scientific personnel with diversified backgrounds. It may be presumptuous to conclude that the time, effort and money spent thus far on procedures for mine structure design have necessarily resulted in the evolvement of design techniques; but certainly the prospects of evolving such techniques art: more promising at present than ever before.

Jan 1, 1970

By Horace V. Winchell

The St. Helens mining-district, indicated in sketch-map, Fig. 1, is chiefly in Townships 9 and 10 North, Ranges 5 and 6 East of the Willamette meridian, in Skamania county, Wash. There is no railroad or even a wagon-road at present connecting it with any base of supplies; access is usually by wagon-road for about 50 miles from the town of Castle Rock to Spirit lake, and from that point by pony-trail from 6 to 10 miles farther. History. Nearly 20 years ago two German farmers, totally inexperienced in prospecting, penetrated this region upon a hunting-and fishing-trip. Their attention was drawn to numerous joints and crevices filled with black, glistening tourmaline, and con-

Jan 1, 1913

HAVING described and taught you the method of assaying silver for gold in the preceding chapter, and therein having proceeded in the order and Drover wav followed in the working of quantities of gold and silver, I could have fled this task of describing to you the first part of parting. In truth, there is no other difference in the method of arriving at the end except in respect to certain precautions that must be taken against the dangers causing loss. In order that you may guard against these, I shall repeat the procedure completely, in addition to the second part of this art, which is the method of reducing the silver to its body.

Jan 1, 1942

By James Yancik

The Howe Coal Co. is mining the Oklahoma Lower Hartshorne bed which ranges in seam thickness from 38 to 42 in. and pitches approximately 7° to the northeast. The raw feed to the cleaning plant averages about 20% ash and 1.10% sulfur, being reduced in the cleaning process to 4.8% ash and 0.9% sulfur with a free swelling index of 8 or 8%. This coal rivals the Pocohantas seam in chemistry and coking characteristics but has better fluidity than the Pocohantas seam coal. The coal is presently being prepared for the Japanese steel market in an 85-tph pilot plant designed and constructed by Roberts & Schaefer. The cleaning-plant flowsheet is discussed in detail.

Jan 1, 1972

CLASSIFICATIONS: 1, Nonferrous metals. 2, Iron and Steel. 3, Petroleum and Gas. 4, Coal. 5, Industrial minerals. A, Geology, exploration. B, Mining and production engineering. C, Preparation and milling. D, Physical metallurgy. E, Administration and economics. F, Chemical metallurgy. G, General. ARIZONA HASTINGS. EARL F., P. 0. Box 10 Chloride 1-A,B,C, Denver Univ., Texas Call. Mines. Asst. chief metallurgist, Old Dominion Copper Co., '26-'29; mine examination and mill construction in Colo.. Ariz.. and New Mexico; mill supt., Arizona Molybdenum Corp.. 34; at present gen. mgr., Pioneer Gold Mng. Co. Specialty: mine examinations and flow sheets of gold and rare metal plants. Examinations limited in Mohave County, A.riz., for present.

Jan 1, 1936

By Olev Trass

The mill body is a stationary grinding cylinder inside which a number of helically grooved rollers rotate, each being suspended on a flexible axis. The feed material is repeatedly crushed between these rotors and the cylinder, with the crushing force created by radial acceleration. The mill has several internal design variables such as number, size and shape of rotors, and can be operated wet or dry. It is compact, has a high capacity, modest power consumption, and can grind many materials down to ultrafine powder. Illustrative data on product size distributions and particle shapes are given for grains, metals and minerals obtained at various operating conditions, along with initial results on grinding kinetics.

Jan 1, 1980

By W. M. Duncan, F. S. Kendorski, C. V. Jude

After shotcrete had been in use for a short time al the Climax Mine of the Climax Molybdenum Co., Climax, Colo., it was noted that regular longhole undercutting blasts would severely damage or detach slusher drift shotcrete linings. If this were to be a usual occurrence, the widespread application of shotcrete would have to be reexamined or abandoned. Concrete drift linings are affected less by blasting because of occasional significant gaps between the placed concrete and rock and the greater thickness of poured-in-place linings. Research Project Organized A research project was organized to determine: 1) the seriousness of the problem, 2) more complete in-use shotcrete strength data, and 3) possible solutions.

Jan 12, 1973

Bellows Connector Fabricated of chemically inert Teflon, the new bellows type connector has many pipe line applications where vibration, expansion and electrolysis exist in the handling of corrosive liquids or gases and solvents. The new connector is electrically non-conductive, flexible even at 94°F and as strong as 480°F as at 70°F, according to the manufacturer. This bellows connector serves as a [ ] vibration dampener as well as an expansion joint and connects misaligned couplings and insulates flanges electrically. End flanges of the joint are French-type envelope gaskets made integral with the joint for easy assembly between companion flanges and a tight, leak-proof seal on installation. Circle No. 1

Jan 1, 1952

By E. S. Greiner

THE hot working of chromium was first reported by Hunter and Jones; who used small pellets of the material obtained by the reduction of chromium chloride with sodium. Later, the working of chromium at 600° to 1100°C was reported by Marden and Rich,2 and at 1250°C by Kroll3 The hot rolled material3 had a Brinell hardness of about 150 (62.5 kg, 2.5 mm ball, 1 min) and was brittle at room temperature. Except for that associated with hardness indentations, no plastic flow in chromium at room temperature has been reported to the author's knowledge. Studies described here have shown slip markings in chromium after deformation at room temperature.

Jan 1, 1951

By J. D. Livingston, Bruce Chalmers, R. L. Fleischer, R. S. Davis

INTERACTION of dislocations on intersecting slip planes has long been considered a primary cause of work hardening in metals. Easy glide and low work-hardening rates have been observed experimentally only when single-crystal specimens were oriented so that one slip plane was initially favored. When single-crystal specimens have been oriented so that initially two or more slip planes were equally favored, high initial work-hardening rates have been observed. In a polycrsstalline aggregate, glide on five systems is in general necessary for a crystal to deform in conformity with the change in the shape imposed by the other crystals.* Only a small fraction of the crystals of a polycrystal will be oriented so that two

Jan 1, 1958

By H. T. Wyatt, A. S. Baptie

The Ten Section field is approximately 10 miles southwest of Bakers-field, Kern County, Calif. (Fig. 1). There is no surface evidence of the existence of the Ten Section structure, which subsurface exploration has shown to be a gently folded, anticlinal dome. Regionally, this field occurs as a fold in the deeper beds of the gently rolling floor of the San Joaquin Valley. It is on the easterly slope of the valley, its position with relation to the axis of this syncline not having been determined. The field was discovered by Shell Oil Co. with the completion of well Stevens A-l, on June 2, 1936, at a depth of 7888 ft. The location for this

Jan 1, 1938