Search Documents

By A. L. Titchener, M. B. Bever

The stored energy of cold work was investigated in drawn gold-silver wires by tin-solution calorimetry as a function of strain, strain rate, initial grain size, and temperature of defornation. The energy expended in the deformation process was measured. Hardness was also measured and was correlated with the stored energy as a function of strain and strain rate. Mechanisms of energy storage are discussed. THE variables which determine the amount of energy stored in a metal during cold work are of two kinds: those involving the metal and its condition and those involving the process of deformation. For example, the stored energy differs between one metal and another and between different degrees of purity of a single metal. It also depends on the nature of the deformation process and particularly the extent, rate, and temperature of deformation. Most investigators have reported the stored energy as a function of strain (or some similar geometric parameter) or of the energy expended during deformation. In general the stored energy increases with strain, rapidly at first, but more slowly at large strains until a saturation level is reached. Information about the effects of other variables, however, is limited. Some data are available on the dependence of the stored energy on the purity of a metal1 and on the composition of

Jan 1, 1960

By Millard K. Shaler, Sydney H. Ball

During the past 50 years the attention of mining-men has been turned to Africa, and within the past decade prospecting-expeditions sent into Central Africa have resulted in the open-ing-up of several mines. Having recently spent two years in the Belgian Congo for the Societe Internationale Forestiere et Miniere du Congo, it is our purpose to outline briefly the mining-conditions in that part of Central Africa. Before it became, in 1908, a Belgian colony, this region was known as the Congo Free State. 11. Location and Area. The Belgian Congo lies in southwestern Central Africa, west of the continental divide, as illustrated in Fig. 1. It has a coastline of but 20 miles on the Atlantic, but widens rapidly eastward to points 5 north and 14 south of the equator. Its area is 908,000 sq. miles, which is almost one-quarter that of the United States and Alaska, or more than one and one-half times that of Alaska. Stated in other terms, its area is nearly one-third that of the United States, exclusive of Alaska and the insular possessions, or more than that of all the United States east of the Mississippi river. III. Topography and Drainage. From north to south, Africa is made up of three topographic elements: 1, the Atlas mountains, a highly-accentuated region

Jan 1, 1911

By H. P. Croft

[ ] Professor Hibbard's paper presents a very interesting theory concerning the influence of texture on the tendency of brass tube to stress-corrosion crack. I should like to present the result of some work done in 1941 which may throw further light on the subject. In the first place, in regard to his review of the influences of grain boundaries, we not only confirmed the findings which he quoted, but also were unable to crack single crystals of beta brass in the standard mercurous nitrate test in 50 hr under loads up to 18,500 psi. Samples containing two or more crystals of beta brass always cracked at grain boundaries and generally followed the same pattern as for alpha brass, although cracking occurred sooner than in alpha brass under the same conditions. Such a specimen is shown in Fig 4. Second, at the possible risk of repetition, we should like to call attention to the reported role of grain size as influencing the tendency to stress-corrosion crack. This phenomenon, originally mentioned by Dr. Allan Morris in the Transactions, AIME, 1931, is illustrated in Fig 5, showing the effect of variations in grain size on the tendency of drawn brass wires to crack under load in the mercurous nitrate solution. This was taken from my work published in Proceedings A.S.T.M. 41, (1941), 905.

Jan 1, 1948

By Ernest Burchard

FLUORSPAR is found in most of the states from the Rocky Mountains westward, and commercial production of the mineral has been reported from Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah and Washington. The map in Fig. 1 indicates the general distribution of many of these deposits but it is by no means complete. In the summer of 1926 the writer examined certain deposits of fluor-spar in Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico and Washington; in November, 1927, revisited the Jamestown, Colo., district, and in earlier years examined deposits in Colorado and New Mexico. Based on notes of his own and. on descriptions and other data by H. A. Aurand, H. W. Davis, R. B. Ladoo, V. C. Heikes, W. D. Johnston, Jr., and by producers of fluorspar, he prepared the following brief descriptions of deposits and estimates of reserves of fluorspar, originally for the use of the subcommittee on fluorspar of the Joint Committee on Foreign and Domestic Mining Policy and on Industrial Preparedness respectively of the Mining and Metallurgical Society of America and the American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers. Descriptions of many fluorspar deposits in various western states and districts have been published. It is not feasible to summarize this literature here, but the appended bibliography will indicate to the interested reader what papers are available.

Jan 1, 1933

By W. H. Bassett

Beads of metal frequently appear at the ends of cast-copper wire bars and on the sides of wedge cakes near the top. These are richer in cuprous-oxide than the rest of the casting. A micrographical study of these exudations has been made. It is suggested that the material is forced through the surface while the copper is solidifying. If not eliminated in process of manufacture, it shows on the finished polished sheet copper in patches differing in color from the main body of the sheet. FIGURES 1 to 4 show the copper exudations, at different magnifications, as they appear on the ends of cast wire bars, and on the sides, usually near the top, of wedge cakes. Sometimes the exudations are in fine "drops;" at other times, large masses of the material are found. Microscopic examination of the copper exudation indicates that it is high in oxide and of eutectic proportions. Because of the difficulty of securing a suitable sample, the protuberances have not been analyzed chemically; but the spectroscope shows no indication that there are any more metallic impurities present than in the balance of the copper. The lowest copper plus silver content of the coppers studied for this? paper was 99.914 per cent.; the highest, 99.966 per cent.; so the oxygen content of the whole casting would be well under 0.07 per cent.

Jan 2, 1926

By C. E. Mills

STUDIES of ground movement and subsidence resulting from mining operations cover a broad field. It is also a very important consideration and one that eventually affects nearly every mining operation of any extent. The damage to surface buildings, removal of mine surface plants and replacements of main hoisting shafts must reach an astounding expenditure were these cost figures available over a period of years. Were the subject one of mathematical formula and dependent only on the angle of draw of the walls or country rocks, the problem would be relatively simple. Consideration must be given to depth and extent of workings; structural conditions of the orebodies and enclosing country rock; physical properties of these same rocks, including schistosity, bedding, jointing, slips, dikes, faults, and other structural weaknesses. The method of mining, extent of openings, supporting pillars, and amount of moisture or water underground are other pertinent factors. With such a large number of variable factors, it is apparent that the subject of subsidence is one that must be based largely on experience and results at other mines where conditions are somewhat comparable. In presenting this paper, it is the intent to describe the progressive results of past ground movements at the United Verde, to bring out physical conditions largely responsible for this movement, but to refrain from theorizing on the ultimate extent of subsidence resulting from future mining operations.

Jan 1, 1934

By A. Perry Thompson

I- GeneRal Distribution, AppeaRance, and Relations ........ 563 11. Data fRom MicRoscopic Examination............... 568 1. Criteria for Distinguishing Primary from Secondary Minerals...... 568 2. The Leonard Vein Filling..................... 574 Quartz............................ 575 Pyrite............................ 575 Enargite............................ 576 Covellite............................ 578 Bornite............................ 581 Chalcocite........................... 583 Chalcopyrite.......................... 586 3. The Fault-Vein Covellite..................... 587 The Speculator Ore........................ 587 The East Gray Rock Ore.....,.............. 589 4. Other Occurrences of Covellite.................. 591 111. Conclusions........................... 592 1. The Replacement of Minerals..................592 2. The Character of Mineralizing Solutions .............. 594 I. General Distribution, Appearance, and Relations Mining in Butte has seldom encountered covellite in commercial quantities. The notable occurrences, extending vertically and laterally perhaps several hundred feet, presented scattered, bladed lenses of this mineral in a matrix of quartz, pyrite, enargite, bornite, and chalcocite. But under the microscope covellite is seen to be widespread in the Butte ores, though in such small quantity that megascopic examination will not discover it. In early mining operations covellite was found in the Gray Rock vein, a member of the Blue vein system. As described by Sales,' it persisted as an occasional ore mineral, associated with quartz, pyrite, tetrahedrite, bornite, chalcocite, and minor amounts of sphalerite, from the 700-ft. to the 1,200-ft. level of the East Gray Rock and Diamond mines. Crushed quartz-monzonite and later quartz completed the vein filling between

Jan 1, 1916

Sykes, W. P.-Effect of Temperature, Deformation, Grain Size, and Rate of Loading on Mechanical Properties of Metals. Discussed by Zay Jeffries, W. H. Bassett, F. E. Carter 3 Evans, Geo. Watkin.-Alaskan Coal Fields. Discussed by P. N. Moore, H. H. Stoek, G. S. Rice, H. Emerson 4 Eavenson, Howard N.-Run-off and Mine Drainage. Discussed by J. R. Campbell, Andrew B. Crichton, J. B. Warriner, R. V. Norris, H. G. Moulton, H. B. Wright 7 Andrews, Allen, and Garcia, John A.-Skip Hoisting for Coal Mines. Discussed by R. V. Norris, Geo. S. Rice, H. N. Eavenson, E. A. Holbrook, Robert Obert, Andrews Allen, T. M. Chance 12 Rice, Geo. S.-Coal-pillar Drawing Methods in Europe. Discussed by Carl Scholz, D. Harrington; H. 1. Smith 16 Knapp, Arthur.-Modified Oil .well Depletion Curves. Discussed by Roswell H. Johnson 21 Alvey, Glenn H., and Alden W. Foster.-Barrel-day Values. Discussed by Roswell H. Johnson 22 Matteson, W. G.-Secondary Intrusive Origin of Gulf Coastal Plain Salt Domes. Discussed by Eugene Coste, E. W. Shaw, Joseph E. Pogue, F. G. Clapp, E. DeGoIyer, W. G. Matteson, H. W. Hixon, R. Van A. Mills 23 Reger, David B,-Carbon Ratio of Coals in West Virginia Oil Fields. Discussed by J. T. Singewald, Jr 33

Jan 5, 1921

By D. F. Hewitt

Page Introduction..............................305 Geologic features of eastern Oregon....................306 Geology of the Sumpter quadrangle....................306 Rocks older than the ore deposits...................307 Rocks younger than the ore deposits.............. . Lodes of the Sumpter quadrangle..................312 Areal distribution.......................312 Geologic distribution.................... . Major features of the veins...................313 Mineralogy and texture of the veins.............. . Ore deposits zonally disposed around the Bald Mountain batholith . 317 Summary of mineralogy and texture.............336 Zonal relations......................337 Ore deposits zonally disposed around Greenhorn Mountain batholith. 340 Zonal relations..................... . Relation of textural features to zonal arrangement of veins.....341 Summary of zonal relations.................. . Comparison with similar districts................. . Outlook for the district......................344 Introduction In an earlier report on the Sumpter quadrangle1 it was briefly stated that the quartz lodes of that region might be separated into several groups or belts on the basis of the kind and abundance of the minerals of which they are composed, and that these belts were disposed as areal zones around the principal intrusive mass of the region. When the opportunity to revisit the region was offered in 1929, as a result of a cooperative agreement between the State Mining Board of Oregon and the United States Geological Survey, it seemed advisable to pay particular attention to this feature of the lodes, in the hope that if the idea of zonal relations was confirmed it might serve as a guide in exploitation.

Jan 1, 1931

Lake Superior Meeting . PAGE Gathmann, Emil.-Casting and Molding Steel Ingots. Discussed by J. W. Richards.. 2 McCaffery, R. S.-The Acid Bessemer Process. Discussed by Bradley Stoughton, J. W. Richards 3 Elliott, S. R.-Athens System of Mining. Discussed by F. W. Sperr, Lucien Eaton 4 Mercer, H. T. and Paulson, A. C.-Handling and Treatment of Rock-drill Steel at Copper Range Mines. Discussed by Harrison Souder, H. T. Mercer, W. H. Schacht, C. M. Haight 5 Hayden, J. E. and Eaton, Lucien.-Building Reinforced-concrete Shaft Houses. Discussed by William Kelly, T. L. Condron, Lucien Eaton 7 Eaton, Lucien.-Mechanical Ventilation at Lake Mine. Discussed by C. A. Mitke 8 Schacht, W. H.-Steam Regenerators Reduce Coal Consumption. Discussed by 0. P. Hood, W. H. Schacht ? 9 Linton, Robert.-Standardizing at North Butte Mining Co. Discussed by Grant H. Tod, C. A. Mitke 10 Smith, H. DeWitt and Sirdevan, W. H.-Mining Methods and Costs at United Verde Mine. Discussed by C. A. Mitke 12 Davy, Myron A.-Reflecting Microscope for the Mining Engineer. Discussed by C. P. Berkey, W. A. Rukeyser 14 , Norden, J. A. and Willson, A. R.-Hoisting Equipment at Utah-Apex Mining Co. Discussed by E. M. Norris 17 Aldrich, H. R.-The Dip Needle in Stratigraphy. Discussed by H. R. Aldrich, W. 0. Hotchkiss, Carl Zapffe, E. A. Kronquist 18

Jan 1, 1921

By Henry Rawdon

THE RELATION between the course, or path, of the fracture of metals and alloys, produced in service or as a result of certain laboratory tests, and the crystalline units of which such materials are composed is of utmost importance. The fracture of normal material is, in general, intracrystalline, i.e., it consists of a break across the grains rather than of a separation between them. An intercrystalline fracture indicates either that the metal is of very inferior quality or that the break occurred under very unusual conditions, e.g., at a very high temperature. The usual mechanical tests, when applied to metals of the type that breaks with an intercrystalline fracture, merely measure the coherence of adjacent grains for one another and reveal little as to the real properties of the metal itself. Even such a soft plastic substance as lead, under suitable conditions, may be rendered so weak and brittle that the metal can be easily crumbled into powder by the fingers although the constituent grains have lost none of the intrinsic properties of lead. Various erroneous explanations of this behavior of lead have appeared in the scientific literature, the change being described usually as an allotropic one. The importance, in an industrial sense, of a proper explanation of this type of the corrosion of lead justifies the description of the type of metal deterioration that follows.

Jan 2, 1920

By C. R. Van Hise

Introduction.............29 The Three Zones of the Lithosphere ..30 Zone of fracture............31 Zone of flowage............ 31 Factors influencing depth at which flowage occurs.. 32 Zone of combined fracture and flowage.. 33 The Water-Content and Openings in Rocks....36 Condition of rater in the zone of fracture.. 36 The openings in rocks...........38 Size and number of openings..... 40 Ore-deposits derived from zone of fracture..45 The source of underground water......... . 47 The cause of the flowage of underground water..47 Belts of underground circulation.. 51 Upper belt of underground circulation.. 51 Lower belt of underground circulation.. .... .52 Capacity of water for work in the lower belt of underground circulation........... 53 Movementsof water in the lower belt of underground circulation. 54 The preferential use by water of large channels.. 60 Physico-Chemical Principles Controlling the Work of Under ground Waters..........62 Chemical action............63 Underground aqueous solutions..64 The relations of solution and temperature..... 65 The relations of solution and pressure..66 Precipitation........... 67 Precipitation by change in temperature..68 Precipitation by change in pressure..69 Precipitation by reactions between aqueous solutions.. . 69 Precipitation by reactions between liquid solutions and solids. 70 Precipitation by reactions between gases and solutions. and solids............71 The General Geological work of Underground Waters.. . 71 Division of the zone of fracture into a belt of weathering and a belt of cementation............72

Jan 1, 1901

By Herty, C. H.

One of the numerous requirements of many grades of present- day steel is that the steel shall be free from non-metallic inclusions. These inclusions may be composed of oxides, sulphides, complex oxy- sulphides, and nitrides, which enter the steel with the furnace charge, result from sulphur absorption from the furnace gases, or are formed in the steel during the deoxidation process. Although few' data are available which indicate in any quantitative manner the specific effects of inclusions in steel, there is a large mass of circumstantial evidence which points to the advisability of producing steel free from these impurities for many purposes. At the present time there is a growing feeling among metallurgists that non-metallic inclusions should be divided into two distinct types: (I) those readily visible under the microscope at ordinary magnifications; and (2) those in colloidal suspension or in solid solution. Both types are profoundly influenced by the character of the charge, the manipulation of the furnace slag, and the method of deoxidation. The work described in this bulletin deals primarily with inclusions visible under the microscope at ordinary magnifications, but the steels made by the various methods of deoxidation are being used LO study certain effects which may be ascribed to the second classification, named above. This latter work will be the subject of further bulletins on the effect of deoxidation practice on the physical properties of the steels involved.

Jan 1, 1957

By W. WANJUKOW, H. O. Hofman

(New York Meeting, February, 1313.) I. INTRODUCTION. IN the metallurgical treatment of most metallic sulphides it is usually necessary to carry on a roasting-operation. In some cases the raw ore will have to be roasted.; in others the intermediary product, matte, produced in smelting the ore; again, both ore and matte may have to be subjected to oxidation at elevated temperatures. Most metallic sulphides, when given an oxidizing-roast, pass through the state of sulphate before they are converted into oxides. All metallic sulphates are completely decomposed by heat, with the exception of those of lead and bismuth, but the temperatures at which decompositions take place vary with the metals. Some metallic sulphates are converted directly into oxides, others first form basic salts. Alkali-earth sulphates show a behavior similar to that of metallic sulphates, while alkali sulphates do not part with their sulphur trioxide even at elevated roasting-temperatures. The older data on the decomposition of metallic sulphates by beat are only approximations. Thus Kerl 1 gives the order in which metallic sulphates are decomposed with increasing temperatures as (Ag2, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni, CO, Mn, Pb) SO4. More recent statements give definite temperatures and modify the formerly accepted order of decomposition. But the temperatures given by various observers do not agree. The reasons for this are to be found mainly in the method and manner of carrying out experiments. Four methods have been used: 1. Heating in an evacuated tube; 2, heating in a tube closed at one end, without air-cur-

Sep 1, 1912

[Separates of all the Technical Publications published in 1928 are available at Institute headquarters. All the papers are on file in public, university and technical libraries, and when so indicated in the list, may be found either in the TRANSACTIONS or in the special volumes issued by the Institute] . METAL MINING TECHNICAL TRANS. PUBLI- TITLE AUTHOR MEETING VOLUME CATION AND PAGE* No. 50 .The Eötvös Torsion Balance D. C. Barton New York Method of Mapping Geologic Feb., 1928 Structure 52 A Cartographic Correction for the C. A. Heiland New York Eötvös Torsion Balance Feb., 1928 61. Liquid-oxygen Blasting at Chuqui- H. C. Schultz, New York camata, Chile F. K. Middleton Hunter Feb., 1928 76, 108, 123 64 Working Methods of Practical Geo- Hans Haalck New York physics Feb., 1928 65 Experiments with Eötvös Torsion P. W. George New York Balance in the Tri-State Zinc and Feb., 1928 Lead District 74 Gravity Surveying in Great Britain H. Shaw New York Feb., 1928 75 The Computation of Eötvös Gravity E. Lancaster-Jones New York Effects Feb., 1928 82 Earth-resistivity Measurements in W. 0. Hotchkiss, New York the Lake Superior Copper Country W. J. Rooney, Feb., 1928 James Fisher 83 Mining Methods and Records at the Roy W. Moore New York 76, 56, 90 United Eastern Mine Feb., 1928 98 Recent Results in Electrical Pros- Hans Lundberg New York

Jan 1, 1928

By J. Handin, S. J. Bauer, M. Friedman

Deformation mechanisms in room-dry and water-saturated specimens of Charcoal Granodiorite, shortened at 10-4s-1, at effective pressures (Pe) to 100 MPa and temperatures to partial melting (?1050°C) are documented with a view toward providing criteria to recognize and characterize the deformation for geological and engineering applications. Above 800°C strength decreases dramatically at effective pressures ? 50 MPa and water-weakening reduces strength an additional 30 to 40% at Pe = 100 MPa. Strains at failure are only 0.1 to 2.2 percent with macroscopic ductility (within this range) increasing as the effective pressures are increased and in wet versus dry tests. Shattering (multiple faulting) gives way to faulting along a single zone to failure without macroscopic faulting as ductility increases. Microscopically, cataclasis (extension microfracturing and thermal cracking with rigid-body motions) predominates at all conditions. Dislocation gliding contributes little to the strain. Precursive extension microfractures coalesce to produce the throughgoing faults with gouge zones exhibiting possible Riedel shears. Incipient melting, particularly in wet tests, produces a distinctive texture along feldspar grain boundaries that suggests a grain-boundary-softening effect contributes to the weakening. In addition, it is demonstrated that the presence of water does not lead to more microfractures, but to a reduction in the stresses required to initiate and propagate them.

Jan 1, 1982

By Thomas T., Read

IT is difficult to judge how much influence the success attained during its first year, 1864-65, by the School of Mines at Columbia had on developments in education for the mineral industry elsewhere in the immediately subsequent years. The facts are as follows: 1. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology began giving instruction in February 1865, with a mining course included in its curriculum. 2. Early in 1865 the faculty of the Department of Science, Literature and the Arts of the University of Michigan requested permission from the Regents to establish "a course of study to be called the School of Mines . . . Also that the degree of Mining Engineering, be conferred on students who should complete the course of study prescribed in the same." A resolution authorizing this was adopted by the Regents on March 28, 1865. 3. Samuel Hooper endowed a Sturgis-Hooper professorship of geology at Harvard in 1865 with the intention of making it a nucleus of a new School of Practical Mining and Geology. 4. Yale appointed Alfred P. Rockwell professor of mining in 1865. 5. Lafayette College appointed Henry S. Osborn professor of mining and metallurgy in 1865. 6. Washington College (as Washington and Lee was then known), rising out of the ashes of Civil War destruction, made a fresh start in 1865, with Generalized as its president, and offered a mining course in the first catalogue thereafter published. 7. Lehigh University, founded in 1866, had a mining curriculum from its beginning. 8. Rensselaer Polytechnic began offering a curriculum in mining and metallurgical engineering in 1867. It would be natural to suppose that these events were a reaction, to the success of the school at Columbia, - and possibly they

Jan 1, 1941

By T. Lane Carter

BEFORE describing the experience with the Chinese on the Rand and the work they have accomplished, it will be necessary, sary, first, to give a brief account of labor-conditions in the Transvaal since the war, and then to show how the necessity of importation of labor arose. As is well known, the Transvaal mines are run on the dual system of labor-that is, the rough work is done by colored laborers under the superintendence of white men. From the start of mining operations in South Africa there has been the cry of shortness of native labor, due in great measure to the failure of Kaffirs to work continuously in the mines. While he works, the Kaffir is a satisfactory laborer, but his period of service is short, averaging about nine months. People unacquainted with the Kaffir have maintained that, by offering a higher wage and better accommodation, better results would be obtained from the native workers, but an increased wage simply aggravates the trouble. The Kaffir's wants are few. While at work he spends little of his money, and before long has sufficient capital with which to buy wives and become a gentleman of leisure. Doubling the wage of the Kaffir means that he acquires a competency in half the time, so that his period of service is correspondingly reduced. In 1899, before the war, there was always a cry about the scarcity of Kaffir labor. The highest number of natives at work was in July and August, 1899, when nearly 100,000 were employed. At the outbreak of hostilities the Kaffirs were scattered far and near, many doing well during the war by working for the military authorities. On the, resumption of mining operations on the Rand a serious mistake was made. Based on past experience, it was argued that if the whole industry decided to start anew with

Sep 1, 1908

By B. D. Lichter

In a previous paper, Oelsen, Schuermann, and Hey-nertl pointed out the possibility of obtaining complete thermodynamic functions for alloy systems from calorimetric measurements alone. Specifically, if the heat content of a heterogeneous, multicomponent system is known as a function of temperature and composition, then it is possible to derive the heats, entropies, and free energies of formation of liquid phases and of solid intermediate phases of fixed composition. The authors present equations and graphical techniques applicable to eutectic systems and systems with intermediate phases without solid solubility at lower temperatures. eijering has considered possible extension of the treatment to systems with complete solid-state miscibility at lower temperatures; however, experimental difficulties practically restrict the method to systems with very limited miscibility in the solid state. The purpose of this note is to present an alternative derivation of the heats and entropies of formation of liquid phases and of solid intermediate phases from heat-content measurements alone. Fig. 1 shows three types of phase diagram to which the analysis may be applied. If the heat content is determined as a function of composition x, at temperature T, we have quite generally and the heat of mixing of the liquid is obtained directly from heat-content measurements. If the temperature T lies in a two-phase region (solid-liquid) then

Jan 1, 1967

By AIME AIME

THE list of deaths reported during the year 1904 comprises the following names (the figures in parentheses indicate the year in which the persons named were elected to membership). Honorary Members.-Sir Lowthian Bell, Dr. Thomas M. Drown. Members and Associates.-Jacob Neff Barr (1884), John Walter Best (1899), A. Poyntz Blandy (1903), A. Cass Canfield (1876), William E. Carroll (1901), William E. C. Coxe (1874), Russell W. Davenport (1877), Isidor Davidov (1893), Louis M. Davis (1884), Edward Doerr (1897), Edward M. Ferguson (1878), C. Le Neve Foster (1893), Geo. Clinton Gardner (1878), Wm. J. Harris (1871), Richard P. Heckscher (1893), H. D. Hoskold (1.894), Wm. S. Hungerford (1882), Edwd. K. Landis, (1882), August Lengemann (1902), Wm. M. Lippitt (1900), Henry McCalley (1888), Robert J. McCartney (1897), Arthur McClellan (1871), Arthur S. Mahony (1888), Philip W. Moen (1888), Henry G. Morse (1881), Charles Parkin (1875), Clarence V. Page (1900), Rubens P. Patterson (1886), Henry Paul (1889), W. H. Pettee (1871), James B. Randol (1879), Irving H. Sevier (1904), Win. J. Sims (1902), John H. Slavens (1901), Chas. B. Squier (1886), Chas. W. Stickney (1891), Homer H. Swaney (1903), Walter B. Wilson (1892), Whittaker Wright, The following paragraphs, constituting the concluding portion of the Annual Report of the Council for 1904, have been withheld from publication until now, in order to make them as accurate and complete as possible. Jacob Neff Barr, a mechanical engineer of note, died on May 5, 1904. Being especially interested in railroad work, he invented the Barr contracting-chill process of casting car-wheels,

Jul 1, 1905