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Institute of Metals Division Iron and Steel Division Extractive Metallurgy Division Council A W Thornton (ISD), Chairman, R W Shearman, Secretary, C S Barrett (IMD), J C Kinnear, Jr (EMD), John Chipman (ISD), J S Smart, Jr (IMD), A W Schlechten (EMD), M E Volin (MED), D S Eppelsheimer (MIED) Journal of Metals Editorial Advisory Committee J S Smart, Jr, Chairman, W A Dean, J J Golden,T D Jones, Evan Just, J C Kinnear, Jr, M Tenenbaum Pacific Northwest Regional Conference E R Marble, General Chairman, Marshall Huntting, Assistant General Chairman, W C Douglass, Mining Chairman, H C Hughes, Mining Chairman for British Columbia, W C Douglass, Mining Chair¬man for United States, Paul Billingsley, Geology Chairman, W D Nesbeitt, Miner¬als Beneficiation Chairman, H D Kelley, Industrial Minerals Chairman, J G Johnston, Metals Chairman, Lloyd Banning, Iron and Steel Chairman, W G Rouillard, Extractive Metallurgy Chairman, E C Roberts, Physical Metallurgy Chairman, D A Pifer, Mineral Industry Education Chairman, Frederick Brien, General Arrangements Chairman Metals Branch Membership Committee C M Squarcy, Chairman, R C Cole, Harold Mar¬golin, M E Nickel, S K Scovil Bylaws Committee A W Thornton, Chairman, W R Hibbard, Jr, J S Smart, Jr (IMD), John Chipman, T S Washburn (ISD), T D Jones, J D Sullivan (EMD)

Jan 1, 1956

Taking advantage of the lessons in administrative organizations which were taught by the war, Director Van H. Manning has put into effect a new form of organization in the Bureau of Mines. The Bureau is divided into two branches, one the investigations branch and the other the operations branch. F. G. Cottrell, who has been chief metallurgist of the Bureau, has been promoted to the position of assistant director and will be in charge of the investigations branch. F. J. Bailey, who has been chief clerk of the Bureau, has been placed in charge of the operations branch with the title of, assistant to the director. All research and technical control will be exercised through the investigations branch, while the non-technical work, administrative duties, and dissemination of the results of the Bureau's activities will be handled by the operations branch. Under the investigations branch comes the division of mineral technology, in charge of Dr. C. E. Parsons; the division of fuels, under the chief mechanical engineer, 0. P. Hood; the division of mining, under the direction of George S. Rice, the chief mining engineer; the division of petroleum and natural gas, under the direction of J. 0. Lewis, the chief petroleum technologist; and the division of experiment stations, under the direction of D. A. Lyon.

Jan 9, 1919

By J. L. Huiatt, D. G. Foot

The Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the Interior, investigated methods of recovering potash values from process and waste brines. Laboratory pan evaporation of four chloride brines produced crude salts containing predominantly sylvite, halite and carnallite. Six sulfate- chloride brines produced crude salts containing primarily schoenite, kainite, leonite, sylvite, carnallite, and halite. Potash grades ranged from 7.2% to 22.2% K20, and recoveries by crystallization ranged from 85% to 99%. Sylvite flotation from chloride evaporites with amine collector, recovered 90% to 97% of the potash in a concentrate containing 54.3% to 60.3% K20. Fatty acid flotation of the high sulfate evaporite recovered 78% of the sulfate minerals in a 28%-K20 concentrate. Flotation of the remaining chloride minerals with amine collector recovered 80% of the potash in a 59.7%-K20 concentrate. Solar evaporation of 37 854 L (10,000 gal.) of brine recovered 99% of the potash in a crude evaporite containing 24.5% schoenite and 20% sylvite. Flotation in a 45-kglh (100-lblh) continuous flotation unit recovered over 95% of the potash in schoenite and sylvite concentrates, containing 28% and 62.3% K20, respectively. An economic evaluation is included.

Jan 1, 1985

By G. A. REINHA

GEO. F. COMSTOCK,* Niagara Falls, N. Y. (written discussion?).-On studying this paper it has occurred to the writer that possibly it was the drilling of the test cores that produced the strains which affected in-juriously the authors' unrested bars. They found that the machining had only a slight effect, but did they also investigate the effect of the drilling by trying rest applied to the bloom sections before the cores were drilled from then? The writer has heard of a similar effect of rest after machining on test bars from castings, and it would seem more reasonable that the ductility was increased because the rests relieved strains pro-duced in chilling the test cores from the blooms, than because of any peculiar combination of solidification and rolling strains in the blooms which did not exist in smaller billets.

Jan 11, 1919

The following is a list of members who died in 1928. It is compiled from reports to the Secretary's office. Biographical sketches published in Mining and Metallurgy are indicated in the last two columns. Issue Containing Year or Date or Biography Election Name Death 1928 Page 1914 Adams. David T.................... July 22 October 471 1905 Aguilera. Pedro................... May 3 October 469 1902 Althouse, H. W.................... NOV. 3 December 559 1920 Averill: C. C...................... July 9 October 471 1915 Baldwin, C. Kemble............... Aug. 9 October 471 1926 Barquist, Walter C............... NOV. 14 June 298 Barron,* Clarence Walker......... Oct. 2 November 511 1917 Beasley, Fred E.................... Aug. 31 October 471 1901 Belden, S. B....................... May 15 July 333 1927 Binney, Edwin, Jr.................. Dec. 29 February 96 1915 Bonsall, James Malcolm............ Feb. 12 June 284 1917 Boyle, John....................... July 12 December 561 1913 BradEn, Eugene B............. Jan. 29 March 157 1889 Bulkley, Frank.................... Mar. 25 May 240 1896 Callaghan, J. T., Jr............... Apr. 1 1892 Chalmers, George.................. Feb. 4 April 197 1898 Clark, Josiah H.................. May 7 July 333 1887 Copeland, F. K............. Nov. 10 December 561 1915 Cunningham, B. L11............... Dec. 6 August 294 1888 Dana, R. T........................ Aug. 20 December 559 1907 Dennis, Clifford G............... Dec. 28 March 1 1920 DeVenny, Thomas................ Feb. 13 April 197 1882 d'Invillier-, Edward V........... Jan. 4 March 157 1884 Duncan, M. M..................... Dec. 17 February 96 1924 Dyrssen, WaldemaR ............... Aug. 4 October 471 1906 Edmondson. H. W................ Dec. 21 February 1884 Emmerton, F. A.................. Oct. 9 June 298 1911 Eu, S. H............................ July 20 February 1917 Farrand, Ira W.................... Sept. 6 October 469 1900 Fell, E. Nelson...........•......... Mar. 25 May 231 1918 Fenton, Clarence M.............. October Junet 298 1908 Ferraris, Erminio................. Sept. 22 June 298 1914 Galloway. A. D. R............... December April 215 1924 Grant, A. W., Jr................... .4pr. 5 June 285 1917 Grant, Clifford G............... Jan. 26 January? 37 1918 Grant, Frank E.............. Jan. 14 September 417 1921 Gunderoth, C. J.................. Feb. 15 1897 Harms, Ernest..................... Aug. 12 November 512 1891 Hartrick, J. S..................... Feb. 9 June 285 1925 Hochschild, Berthold.............. Jan. 24 April 197 1917 Hutton, L. W...................... NOV. 3 January 37 1894 Jenning", S. J...................... NOV. 17 December 560 1925 Jones, J. Ravenscroft............... Jan. 29 March 157 1880 Jones, J. T......................... May 4 June 284

Jan 1, 1929

C. R. CORNING, Chairman. ADOLPHE E. BORIE, First Vice-Chairman. THOMAS T. READ, Secretary, Woolworth Bldg., New York, N. Y. Vie-Chairmen. JOHN H. ALLEN, GEORGE M. COLVOCORESSES, RICHARD M. ATWATER, JR., ROBERT PEELE, GEORGE D. BARRON, CHARLES P. PERIN, A. CHESTER BEATTY, JOSEPH A. VAN MATER, J. PARKE CHANNING, ARTHUR L. WALKER. D. C. Bard, Howard Eckfeldt. Philip N. Moore, W. de L. Benedict, R. C. Gemmell, T. H. O'Brien, John C. Branner, F. Louis Grammer, James J. Ormsbee. Palmer Carter, Ernest A. Hersam, Edward W. Parker, Allen J. Clark, Edwin C. Holden, John B. Porter, F. Crabtree, William L. Honnold, R. DI. Raymond, George G. Crawford, Reginald E. Hore, Robert H. Richards, O. C. Davidson, C. Colcock Jones, LeRoy Slash, E. V. D'Invilliers, Eugene P. Kennedy, Frederick H. Sexton, James S. Douglas, Chester F. Lee, Henry L. Smyth, Walter Douglas, Richard S. McCaffery, F. W. Traphagen, Howard N. Eavenson, James F. McClelland, Elton W. Walker. Milton H. McLean, The Chairman of the Committee on the eve of his departure frog -,he country for an extended stay, addressed the following letter t ,he President of the Institute NEW YORK, N. Y., APRIL 19, 1913.

Jan 5, 1913

By E. Furubayashi, T. Taoka, S. Takeuchi

Recrystallization textures developed from artificial nucleation around indentations were compared with spontaneously recrystallized textures in two rolled 3 pet Si-Fe single crystals with (111)[112] and (100) [011] orientations. Orientation of individual grains in some stages of their growth was also directly determined by a microetch-pit method. In both the crystals, the recrystallization texture was characteristic of each orientation regardless of any nucleation conditions, artificial or spontaneous, though artificially nucleated grains were more randomly oriented in finer stage. These results support the concept that the process of selection of growing grains controls the formation of the prejerred recrystallization texture. Discussion is given on the factors controlling the mobility of grain boundaries. Recrystallization textures are formed through a number of stages which are customarily called by the terms recovery, nucleation, and grain growth. Many experiments have been done to clarify the mech- anism of formation of recrystallization texture but no fully successful explanation has been proposed. The texture consists of oriented grains which nucleate at many sites of the deformed matrix and grow at the expense of the matrix during annealing. The current theories on the formation of recrystallization texture are based on the following two extreme hypotheses: 1) the oriented nucleation theory by Burgers et al.;1, 2 2) the oriented growth theory by Beck et al.3-5

Jan 1, 1968

COLUMBIA SECTION S. S. FOWLER, Chairman., J. C. HAAS, Vice-chairman, LYNDON K. ARMSTRONG, Secretary-Treasurer, 720 Peyton Bldg., Spokane, Wash. W. H. LINNEY. J. F. MCCARTHY. On July 15, 16, and 17, 1918, through the good offices of Secretary Stoughton, and the courtesy of War Department officials, Columbia Section was able to secure a series of moving pictures which were presented under the auspices of the Spokane Engineering and Technical Association.. The title was "The Way Out," representing the activities of individuals who had lost an arm, a leg, or both, yet whose apparent misfortunes were made the stepping stones to advancement in various human activities. The exhibitions were given at Natatorium Park in the evening, each of the three performances being attended by 1000 per-sons. Later the films were shipped to Kellogg, Idaho, where they were shown in the principal playhouse one evening to a full house. On July 31, 1918, the Columbia Section participated in the luncheon and other entertainment in honor of Alfred D. Flinn, Secretary of the Engineering Council, who made a trip through the country to meet different classes of engineers, members of the National Societies, for whom he had a message. The entertainment was under the auspices of the Spokane Engineering and Technical Association, Mr. Peter Mogensen presiding. The luncheon was held in the Elizabethan Room, Davenport Hotel, at noon, 35 engineers being present, of whom about one-third were our members.

Jan 9, 1918

February 18th, 1873. THE Institute assembled in the Hall of the Boston Natural History Society on Tuesday evening. Dr. T. Sterry Hunt, of the Boston Institute of Technology, after a brief address of welcome to the Institute, read an introductory paper on the Geognostical History of the Metals. President Raymond responded to the welcome of Dr. Hunt. The following names were then presented to the Institute, with the recommendation of the Council, for election Adams, J. M., - Silver City, Idaho. Daggett, Ellsworth, - Salt Lake City, Utah. Geist, Alfred W., - Boston, Mass. Hays, Dr. S. Dana, - Boston, Mass. Heinrich, Oswald J., - Midlothian, Va. Johnson, J., - Braidwood, Ill. Leckie, Robert G., - Actonvale, Canada. Lyman, Edward, - Troy, N. Y. Maltby, William, - Braidwood, Ill. Nichols, Lyman, Jr., - Boston, Mass. Ordway, Prof. J. M., - Boston, Mass. Rand, Theodore D., - Philadelphia, Pa. Richards, Prof. Robert H., - Boston, Mass. Rockwell, Prof. Alfred P., - Boston, Mass. Roepper, Charles W., - Bethlehem, Pa. Schulz, A. von, - Central City, Colorado. Singer, William F., - Pittsburgh, Pa. Spillsbury, E. G., - New York. Wells, Calvin, - Pittsburgh, Pa. The session concluded with the reading and discussion of a paper, by Henry Engelmann, On the Mines and Ores of the Little Cottonwood Canyon, Utah. The second session was held on Wednesday morning, when the following papers were presented; On the Midlothian Coal Mines, by Oswald J. Heinrich. On the Probable Existence of Microscopic Diamonds in California, by Prof. Benjamin Silliman.

Jan 1, 1873

By J. D. Miller

The authors have summarized the state-of-the-art in the kaolin clay industry very well. In some instances the problems which they have identified are common to all fine particle separations and in other cases the problems are unique to the kaolin clay industry itself. General areas of research which may be common to other systems and which deserve continued investigation at a higher level of support include: 1) Establishment of the relationship between flotation response and clay structure/composition. 2) Determination of temperature effects in the separation of fine particles. 3) Evaluation of the effect of bubble size on the quality of fine particle separation. The first two areas would require basic surface chemistry studies including microflotation, electrokinetics, adsorption density measurements, and microcalorimetry. The last area would be oriented toward the mechanics of bubble-particle attachment. Regarding the first area, the authors alluded to this research need by commenting on the variation in separation observed from one deposit to another. It seems that a detailed study characterizing the flotation response of various clay types with respect to structure and compositional features would be of considerable value. For example, I understand, that D. W. Fuerstenau's group has recently been successful in characterization, with respect to structure, of some silicate mineral types--chain, sheet and framework silicates. A similar study should be initiated in which the flotation behavior of various clay minerals kaolinite, halloysite, montmorillonite

Jan 1, 1979

By Robert Glass Cleland

THE MEMBERS of the Phelps-Dodge, Phelps-James co- partnership differed widely from one another in certain aspects of temperament and personality; but in one thing Anson Phelps, William Dodge, and Daniel James were fundamentally alike. They were all bred in the English Puritan tradition. Their creed, moreover, was the stern, militant, uncompromising creed of John Calvin and John Knox. The present generation, harshly intolerant of such a creed, has little understanding of the authority it exercised on the thinking and conduct of its adherents or of the contributions that those same adherents made to human welfare and social progress. The men who accepted its authority "were characterized by a blend of strong individualism and an equally strong sense of social duty, and they submitted their own souls to the same searching scrutiny that they applied to their business ledgers." To all three of the immediate founders of Phelps Dodge, their religion was the most real and important thing in life. It was with them day and night, in joy and sorrow, in loss and prosperity, in their most trivial personal affairs, in business transactions of the greatest moment. It was with

Jan 1, 1952

International Trade in Metals. By J W FURIES AND E W PEHRSON (Man &Met, Oct 474 to 477 900 words) Five world charts are presented in this article showing the production, consumption and principal trade relations of bauxite, aluminum, iron ore, pig iron and the platinum group metals in 1932 They are part of an original study conducted by the U S Bureau of Mines covering 15 of the principal metals and metallic ores Text accompanying the charts indicates the broad features of the respective industries in 1932 and the major changes that have occurred since 1932

Jan 1, 1937

By Russell A. Carter

Although significant phosphate mining activity has occurred in four western states-Idaho, Montana, Utah, and Wyoming-southeastern Idaho contains the largest, most easily mineable reserves, and mining has focused there. More than half of the western phosphate field's economic reserves are within a 32 x 96-km (20 x 60-mile) rectangle bounded by Montpelier, Idaho, on the south, Soda Springs on the west, and Grays Lake on the east. A large amount of this land lies within the boundaries of the Caribou National Forest.

Jan 1, 1978

By Alfred E. Hunt

By the death of Joseph Dame Weeks, past-President of this Institute, which occurred December 26, 1896, the world has lost an earnest and unwearied philanthropist; the Christian church, a zealous, active and consistent representative; the United States and the State of Penusylvania, a patriotic, pub-

Jan 1, 1898

By George W. Neumann

The mines and concentrator of Brunswick Mining and Smelting Corporation are located in the northern part of the province of New Brunswick, approximately 20 miles distant from the City of Bathurst. Discovery of the No. 6 orebody by diamond drilling in 1952 was followed by the finding in March 1953, of the larger and higher- grade No. 12 orebody, approximately six miles to the north of the No. 6 deposit. Original development was financed by St. Joseph Lead Co., and included a small open-pit operation with a 10C ton per day pilot mill at No. 6 orebody, shaft sinking and underground development at No. 1; orebody, and an extensive program of laboratory and pilot plant metallurgical research on No. 12 ore. These operations were suspended in May 1958, and remained in standby condition until June 1961, when the equity of St. Joseph Lead Co. was purchased by a group headed by M. J. Boylen, K. C. Irving, Maritime Mining Corporation, and the Patino Corporation. Construction of a mine plant and concentrator at the No. 12 mine commenced in October 1962 and the concentrator was placed in operation in March, 1961b. Preparation of the open pit mine for production, construction of the No. 6 Concentrator to produce bulk Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag concentrate from No. 6 ore, and construction of an Imperial Smelting Process smelter at Belledune were started in 1964 and placed in operation in September 1966.

Jan 1, 1970

By Theodore H. Orem

In 1928 Elam,1 discussing the subject of twinning in metals, disclosed that she had observed this phenomenon in aluminum, a metal little susceptible to twinning. The twinning described was one in which the boundary between the twinned portions was not a geometric plane but appeared, in one section, more like a normal grain boundary. Under these circumstances twinning might remain unrecognized by an observer of microscopic sections. She therefore suggested that twinning in aluminum might be much more prevalent than expected. Whereas the parallel composition lines shown in sections of polysynthetic twins were characteristic of the phenomenon of twinning, Elam pointed out that from the absence of

Jan 1, 1963

A few years later another gazetteer said of Virginia: "The Ouasioto Mountains are 50 or 60 miles wide at the Gap. These mountains abound in coal, lime and free-stone." The Gap was the Potomac River. "Copper, iron, black-lead, coal, marble, limestone &c are found in this country."' In the Morris papers, in Louisa and Goochland Counties, some records of operations in 1797 and 1798 have been preserved. These are: [ ]

Jan 1, 1942

The following is a, partial list of members and guests who called at Institute headquarters during the period Aug. 10, 1917, to Sept. 10, 1917. L. P. Barrett, Ann Arbor, Mich. Milo W. Krejci, Great Falls, Mont. H. J. Brown, Ridley Park, Pa. Chas. N. La Porte, Peoria, Ill. George M. Cheney, Guayaquil, Ecuador. Askin Nicholas, Bismuth, Australia. W. Lorrain Cook, Chicago, Ill. C. Edwin Nighman, Butte, Mont. John J. Croston, Atlanta, Ga. W. L. Remick, Norfolk, Va. A. F. Duggleby, Santiago de Cuba. T. C. Roberts, Jerome, Ariz. Geo. A. Easley, La Paz, Bolivia. Burr A. Robinson, New Haven, Conn. Burr J. French, Magdalena, Jal., Mex. J. L. Schueler, Peoria, Ill. A. D. R. Galloway, Komfrodua, W. Af. Walter L. Steele, Van Horn, Tex. P. R. Hines, Milwaukee, Wis. F. J. S. Sur, Denver, Colo. T. H. Jenks, Wickenburg, Ariz. C. A. Thomas, Dawson, Y. T., Canada. Paul S. King, Wilmington, Del. E. E. White, Ann Arbor, Mich. Harry Wolf, Golden, Colo. L. W. Bahney has left the Sheffield Scientific School, Yale, to become metallurgical engineer with the Scovill Manufacturing Co., Waterbury, Conn. H. B. Barling, formerly chief engineer of Breitung & Co., of New York, has been appointed manager of the mining department.

Jan 10, 1917

By W. C. Bleimeister

The rock salt deposits of the U. S. occur in five major basins: 1) the Eastern Basin (which includes parts of Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, West Virginia, and Ontario) ; 2) the Gulf Coast Basin (the northern rim of which includes parts of Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas, and Texas, while its southern rim includes parts of the Isthmus of Tehuampetic and the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico), 3) the Southwestern Salt Basin (which includes parts of Kansas, Colorado, Oklahoma, Texas, and New Mexico), 4) the Williston Basin (which under- lies parts of North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, and Saskatchewan), and 5) the Green River Basin (whose periphery underlies parts of Wyoming, Utah, and Colorado). The greatest salt production in the U. S. is obtained from the Eastern Basin,-particularly from the areas of Michigan, Ohio, and Ontario. In 1958 the salt production from these areas amounted to 8.7 million tons or 35.3 pct of the combined total produced in the U. S. and Canada. Of the 24,286,000 tons produced by Canada and the United States, 6,443,000 tons were in the form of rock salt from dry mining, while 17,843,000 tons were produced from wells in the form of artificial brine, the result of dissolving the rock salt formation by fresh water. Three important factors lie behind the location and development of this salt mining area:

Jan 5, 1961

October 16th, 1872. THE Institute assembled on Wednesday evening at the Western University, and was called to order by President Raymond. Mr. James Park, Jr., of Pittsburgh, made the address of welcome, which was responded to by President Raymond. The Council reported the following names, with approval, for election Ashburner, William, - San Francisco, Cal. Asmus, George, - New York. Baillie, Nathaniel, - Uniontown, Pa. Bowie, A. J., Jr. - San Francisco, Cal. Brown, A. J., - Treasure City, Nev. Butler, J. G., Jr., - Youngstown, Ohio. Chamberlin, J. G., - Leetonia, Ohio. Clark, R. Neilson, - Canyon City, Colorado. Cornell, A. B., - Youngstown, Ohio. De Crano, E. G., - San Francisco, Cal. Engelmann, H., - Salt Lake City, Utah. Faber du Faur, A., - New York. Janin, Louis, Jr., - San Francisco, Cal. Johnson, George J., - Salt Lake City, Utah.. Kent, Joseph C., - Phillipsburgh, N. J. Kent, William St. G., - Phillipsburgh, N. J. Liebenau, Charles von, - Silver City, Idaho. McClintock, A. H., - Wilkes-Barre, Pa. Miller, Thomas N., - Pittsburgh, Pa. Millholland, James A., - Mount Savage, Md. Peters, Ed. D., Jr., - Dudley, Colorado. Reese, Jacob, - Pittsburgh; Pa. Schirmer, J. F. L., - Denver, Colorado. Smith, W. S., - Fairplay, Colorado. Stoelting, Hermann, - Georgetown, Colorado. Sweet, W. A., - Syracuse, N. Y. Tripple, Alexander, - New York. Van Arsdale, W. H., - Swansea, Cal. Willard, Dwight D., - Bordentown, N. J. The following resolution was then offered and passed Resolved, That gentlemen present, not members, be invited to take part in the discussions of the Institute at the various sessions of the present meeting.

Jan 1, 1873