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By T. A. Rickard

The mountains of the picturesque Dauphine, in southeastern France, have long been known to collectors as the source of many minerals of rare occurrence; but. they contain also several mines, which, though less known, date from the time of the Saracens, many centuries back, to that of the graduate from the Ecole des Mines. In the department of the Isere, upon the cliffs of Villard Ey-

Jan 1, 1893

By S. Parker Gay

In 1967 Southern. Peru Copper Corp. was faced with the problem of developing a water supply for their new Cuajone open-pit copper mining and milling operation, at a time when the existing water system was inadequate for a proposed expansion of the producing Toquepala mine. The most probable source for additional water was considered to be the Pasto Grande basin lying 30 km north of the terminus of the pipeline. This source of supply could be developed only at substantial cost, after construction of a dam, tunnels, pumping plants, and several miles of canals. Investigation of other possible sources was undertaken, and one of these was the Huaitire alluvial fan which had been recognized on aerial photographs in 1961. Resistivity soundings on the fan provided isopach information for estimating the volume of fan sediments. In the course of carrying out these soundings, a high-resistivity layer at depth was indicated. The favored geological interpretation of this layer at the time was a tight impermeable volcanic formation, but an alternative explanation was a ground-water aquifer of high transmissibility. Geological studies just released by the Peruvian Geological Map Commission supported the latter interpretation. A diamond drill hole sunk to a depth of 725 ft on the Huaitire Pampa in June 1967 proved the absence of the expected volcanics, the presence of the sediments, and indicated that some sedimentary horizons carried artesian water. Subsequent well drilling and hydrological and geological studies show that the aquifer occurs principally in the Upper Tertiary Capillune formation, covers an extensive area on the Peruvian altiplano, discharges enormous quantities of water to a large number of canyons dissecting it, and will adequately supply most, if not all, water needs of the Cuajone operations.

Jan 1, 1973

By A. Tanaka, K. G. Carroll

The existence of local room-temperature plastic flow in germanium, which has been a subject of controversy for nearly two decades, has recently received renewed attention, albeit no more agreement than hitherto. Phenomenologically one major facet of the problem has been reduced to the question whether or not indentation can be effected in germanium without the introduction of cracks. That plastic flow can be induced at room temperature by fracture appears to have been rather convincingly demonstrated recently by Suzuki and Kamada and by Noble and Henisch.1 The literature contains both direct and incidental references to Vickers and Knoop indentations showing no cracks, within resolution of optical microscopy. Recently, however, following a controversy on the subject,2,3 johnson4 made a study of indentations produced by spherical indenters and concluded that these are accompanied by cracking. This study in-

Jan 1, 1969

By J. A. Kitchener, J. P. Anfruns

Measurements have been made of the rate of capture of single particles of strongly hydrophobic, surface-methylated, quartz, of sizes ranging from 12 to 40 µm diam., by single rising bubbles of diam. 0.5 to 1.1mm. The results agree closely with the theoretically calculated hydrodynamic collision rates, indicating that, in this system, every collision results in capture and retention of a particle.

Jan 1, 1976

By Sanjoy Shome

Recent legislation and the heightened environmental awareness of the public have brought about constraints in the location, process selection and operation of the modern electrolytic refinery. The modern electrolytic zinc process incorporating pyro, hydro, and electrometallurgy has emissions, effluents and residues which are acceptable only under severely restricted discharge conditions. Due to the necessity of maximizing zinc recovery, the additional cost of the environmental equipment has to be minimized, which may be achieved by intelligent process and location selection as well as by proper operation of the plant for maximum return to the Owner and minimum damage to the environment.

Jan 1, 1977

Discussion of the paper of W. A. Forbes, presented at the New York Meeting, October, 1913, and printed in Bulletin No. 82, October, 1913, pp. 2477 to 2514.. SAMUEL K. VARNES,* Steelton, Pa.:-We have a gas-cleaning plant consisting of a, centrifugal dry dust catcher, and two rain-type wet scrubbing towers, 25 by 60 ft. each, for rough cleaning of blast-furnace gas. This plant was put in early in 1910, with the intention of cleaning gas for use in hot blast stoves and under boilers, and was so used for several months. Soon after it went into service, the blast-furnace men complained that they could not get as high blast temperatures as they had obtained when using dirty gas. It was decided to run a series of careful tests to determine if this were true and to what degree the apparent results might be affected by other conditions. About 60 tests were run, covering a period of five months, and at the end we came to the conclusion that it did not pay us to scrub the gas for stoves and boilers. The tests were all run upon a single stove, no boiler tests being made, but the conclusions of the stove tests being applied to the boilers. The furnace burden was practically the same for all the tests and averaged: Per Cent. Daquari and other hard ores 57 Nodules 13 Raw Mayari ore 25 Mill cinder and scale 5

Jan 12, 1913

By Volker Weiss, George Sachs, AE. P. Klier

PHYSICAL chemistry contributes to the understanding and efficient operation of hydrometal-lurgical processes in many ways, among them by providing quantitative answers to the following questions. 1) Can a given chemical reaction or process be made to operate and. if so, under what conditions? 2) what are the' factors which determine the rate of the reaction and how can this rate be regulated in practice? Thermodynamics attempts to answer the first of these questions and kinetics the second. The answer

Jan 1, 1958

By I. Iwasaki, K. Adam

The oxidation behaviors of simple and complex chloride systems of copper, iron, nickel, cobalt, and manganese in a stream of oxygen were investigated using a thermogravimetric analysis technique. Their reaction mechanisms are discussed from stoichiometry, thermodynamic feasibility, and X-ray diffraction analysis of reaction products. The results are used to determine an optimum operating temperature of the selective oxidation step in a chlorination process for producing nonferrous metal chlorides, elemental sulfur, and ferric oxide from copper-nickel sulfide flotation concentrates.

Jan 1, 1985

By H. J. Rose

Sixty-five million net tons of coal were carbonized in the by-product and beehive coke ovens1 of the United States during 1924. This tonnage represented 13.4 per cent. of the bituminous coal which was mined in that year. Table 1 shows production and disposition.2 Table 1.—Production and Disposition of Ocen Coke in 1924 By-product Beehive Total Coal charged into ovens, tons................ 49,061,339 15,914,310 64,975,649 Coke produced (exclusive of screenings and breeze), tons............................. 33,983,568 10,286,037 44,269,605 Average yield of coke, per cent ............. 69.3 6.46 68.9 Disposition of coke, per cent.: Blast furnace.......................... . . 82.6 Foundry............................... . 13.3 6.6 Domestic.............................. . 1.4 6.7 Water gas manufacture and all other uses.. 4.6 . 4.1 Cokes having somewhat different combinations of chemical and physical properties are desired for the various uses listed above, and these properties depend primarily upon the types of coal used. American coals have a wide range of purity and coking quality, and the chief subject of this paper will be the selection of coals for the manufacture of blast furnace, foundry, domestic, and water-gas coke, in by-product coke ovens. It will obviously be necessary to include a discussion of those physical and chemical characteristics that are generally considered essential or desirable for each type of coke. Suitable Coals The examination and development of new sources of coking coal are important because of the irregular and limited distribution of high-grade

Jan 1, 1927

By K. Hanumantha Rao, T. C. Rao, M. Vanangamudi

The effects of important variables such as pulp density, feed size, furnace oil dosage, degree of agitation, and time of agglomeration on the yield and ash content of the agglomerates obtained from the oil agglomeration of coal fines have been studied in a laboratory batch agglomeration cell. Optimum conditions for maximum yield and throughput have been discussed. The furnace oil dosage and pulp density were found to have more influence on the yield and grade of the agglomerates than the degree of agitation and feed size in the ranges studied.

Jan 1, 1983

By W. J. Babyak, J. M. Sheehan, H. W. Paxton

THE- solubility of hydrogen and deuterium in solid niobium up to I-atm pressure has been established bv a number of workers.1-5 X-ray examination at room temperature of specimens reacted in hydrogen at high temperatures from 300° to 1000°C shows the presence of two phases—a bcc phase (a) based on the niobium lattice and with an u0, increasing from 3.30A for Nb to 3.32Afor NbHo.L, and an orthorhombic phase6n = 4.84A, h=4.90A, c =

Jan 1, 1960

Selected bibliographies of the Iron Resources of the World and the Coal Resources of the World have' been prepared by the Engineering Societies Library for the National Research Council from the most prominent. American, English and foreign books and periodicals. The bibliograpies are intended as a guide to the literature giving economic

Jan 5, 1919

By G. M. Wells

A view of the map of Floridat shows the phosphate-deposits to lie on the western side of the State, extending southward over

Jan 1, 1896

By Persifor Frazer

From the easternmost point reached by the Ural excursion of the VIIth International Geological Congress (the city of Tschéliabinsk, a little more than 30' of longitude east of St.

Jan 1, 1899

CONTENTS PAGE Bronze Bearing Metals. By G. H. CLAMER 1729 Pennsylvania Railroad Anti-friction and Bell Metals. By F. M. WARING . . 1733 The Tin-plate Industry. By D. M. BUCK. Discussed by G. H. CLAMER, J. W. RICHARDS 1735 The Aluminum Bronze Industry. By W. M. CORSE 1738 Bronzes, Bearing Metals, and Solders. By G. K. BURGESS and R. W. WOODWARD. Discussed by G. H. CLAMER, R. T. ROBERTS 1742 Babbitts and Solder. By G. W. THOMPSON 1751 The Cadmium Supply Of the United States. By C. E. SIEBENTHAL. Discussed by M. L. LISSBERGER, C. W. HILL, F.- F. COLCORD . . .. . . . . 1752 Solder, Its Use and Abuse. By M. L. LISSBERGER 1759

Jan 12, 1918

LIST OF THE MEETINGS OF THE INSTITUTE AND THEIR LOCALITIES FROM ITS ORGANIZATION Transactions Number Place Date Vol Page 1 Wilkes-Barre, Pa May, ?71 1 3 2 Bethlehem, Pa August, ?71 1 10 3 Troy, N Y November, ?71 1 13 4 Philadelphia, Pa February, ?72 1 17 5 New York, N Y May, ?72 1 20 6 Pittsburg, Pa October, ?72 1 25 7 Boston, Mass February, ?73 1 28 8 Philadelphia, Pa May, ?73 2 3 9 Easton, Pa October, ?73 2 7 10 New York, N Y February, ?74 211 11 St Louis, Mo May, ?74 3 3 12 Hazleton, Pa October, ?74 3 8 13 New Haven, Conn February, ?75 3 15 14 Dover, N J May, ?75 4 3 15 Cleveland, 0 October, ?75 4 9 16 Washington, D C February, ?76 4 18 17 Philadelphia, Pat June, ?76, 5 3 18 Philadelphia, Pa October, ?76 5 9 19 New York, N Y February, ?77 5 27 20 Wilkes-Barre, Pa May, ?77 6 3 21 Amenia, N Y October, ?77 6 10 22 Philadelphia, Pa. May, ?78 6 18 23 Chattanooga, Tenn May ?78 7 3 24 Lake George, N.Y. Oct. ?78 7 25 Baltimore, Md. Feb. ?79 7 26 Pittsburgh Pa, May ?79 8 27 Montreal, Canada Sept, ?79 8 28 New York, N.Y. Feb, ?80 9 29 Lake Superior, Mich Aug, ?80 9 30 Philadelphia, Pa. Feb, 81 9 31 Staunton, Va May, 81 10

Jan 1, 1923

By W. H. Adams

During the years when Americans were most active in investigations of the many substances containing nitrogen or ammonia, viz.: 1869 to 1875, my connection with certain chemical industries led me to experiments in the direction of the recovery of wastes from coal-gases. I take from my notes such memoranda as I think will be of interest, in the hope that some benefit may be derived therefrom by engineers at present attempting to utilize the waste products from coke-oven and blast-furnace gases. An examination of the conditions governing the manufacture of gas along the Atlantic seaboard, and an intimate knowledge of the mine-products used by the different large works, naturally led me at first to consider the well-known foreign methods of concentrating the available soluble salts in a modicum of water. The result was sufficiently promising to warrant a full line of experiments. At that time, no attention seemed to have been paid to the values of " gas-liquors." Nearly every gas-works in the United States wasted its wash-water in the sewers. The nitrogen in bituminous coals varies in quantity from 0.75 to 1.50 per cent. of the total weight. In the process of distillation in

Jan 1, 1887

Jan 1, 1936

Jan 1, 1942

Jan 1, 1940