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WE the undersigned, being all persons of full age and citizens of the United States, and a majority residents of the State of New York, desiring to form a corporation pursuant to the provisions of the Membership Corporations Law for the purpose of incorporating, as provided in Section 5 of Article I. of said law, the existing unincorporated association known as American Institute of Mining Engineers, do hereby make, acknowledge and file this Certificate for that purpose, and do Certify as follows I. That the American Institute of Mining Engineers is an unincorporated association organized and existing with the object of promoting the arts and sciences connected with the economic production of the useful minerals and metals and the welfare of those employed in these industries by means of meetings for social intercourse and the reading and discussion of professional papers, and to circulate by means of publications among its members and associates the information thus obtained.

Jan 1, 1923

WE the undersigned, being all persons of full age and citizens of the United States, and a majority residents of the State of New York, desiring to form a corporation pursuant to the provisions of the Membership Corporations Law for the purpose of incorporating, as provided in Section 5 of Article I. of said law, the existing unincorporated association known as American Institute of Mining Engineers, do hereby make, acknowledge and file this Certificate for that purpose, and do Certify as follows I. That the American Institute of Mining Engineers is an unincorporated association organized and existing with the object of promoting the arts and sciences connected with the economic production of the useful minerals and metals and the welfare of those employed in these industries by means of meetings for social intercourse and the reading and discussion of professional papers, and to circulate by means of publications among its members and associates the information thus obtained.

Jan 1, 1923

WE the undersigned, being all persons of full age and citizens of the United States, and a majority residents of the State of New York, desiring to form a cor¬poration pursuant to the provisions of the Membership Corporations Law for the purpose of incorporating, as provided in Section 5 of Article I. of said law, the existing unincorporated association known as American Institute of Mining En¬gineers, do hereby make, acknowledge and file this Certificate for that purpose, and do Certify as follows I. That the American Institute of Mining Engineers is an unincorporated association organized and existing with the object of promoting the arts and sciences connected with the economic production of the useful minerals and metals and the welfare of those employed in these industries by means of meetings for social intercourse and the reading and discussion of professional papers, and to circulate by means of publications among its members and associates the informa¬tion thus obtained.

Jan 1, 1917

WE the undersigned, being all persons of full age and citizens of the United States, and a majority residents of the State of New York, desiring to form a corporation pursuant to the provisions of the Membership Corporations Law for the purpose of incorporating, as provided in Section 5 of Article I. of said law, the existing unincorporated association known as American Institute of Mining Engineers, do hereby make, acknowledge and file this Certificate for that purpose, and do Certify as follows I. That the American Institute of Mining Engineers is an unincorporated association organized and existing with the object of promoting the arts and sciences connected with the economic production of the useful minerals and metals and the welfare of those employed in these industries by means of meetings for social intercourse and the reading and discussion of professional papers, and to circulate by means of publications among its members and associates the information thus obtained.

Jan 1, 1917

WE the undersigned, being all persons of full age and citizens of the United States, and a majority residents of the State of New York, desiring to form a corporation pursuant to the provisions of the Membership Corporations Law for the purpose of incorporating, as provided in Section 5 of Article I. of said law, the existing unincorporated association known as American Institute of Mining Engineers, do hereby make, acknowledge and file this Certificate for that purpose, and do Certify as follows I. That the American Institute of Mining Engineers is an unincorporated association organized and existing with the object of promoting the arts and sciences connected with the economic production of the useful minerals and metals and the welfare of those employed in these industries by means of meetings for social intercourse and the reading and discussion of professional papers, and to circulate by means of publications among its members and associates the information thus obtained.

Jan 1, 1923

We the undersigned, being all persons of full age and citizens of the United States, and a majority residents of the State of New York, desiring to form a corporation pursuant to the provisions of the Membership Corporations Law for the purpose of incorporating, as provided in Section 5 of Article I. of said law, the existing unincorporated association known as American Institute of Mining Engineers, do hereby make, acknowledge and file this Certificate for that purpose, and do Certify as follows: I. That the American Institute of Mining Engineers is an unincorporated association organized and existing with the object of promoting the anta and sciences connected with the economic production of the useful minerals and metals and ' the welfare of those employed in these industries by means of meetings for social intercourse and the reading and discussion of professional papers, and to circulate by means of publications among its members and associates the information thus obtained.

Jan 1, 1929

WE the undersigned, being all persons of full age and citizens of the United States, and a majority residents of the State of New York, desiring to form a corporation pursuant to the provisions of the Membership Corporations Law for the purpose of incorporating, as provided in Section 5 of Article I. of said law, the existing unincorporated association known as American Institute of Mining Engineers, do hereby make, acknowledge and file this Certificate for that purpose, and do Certify as follows I. That the American Institute of Mining Engineers is an unincorporated association organized and existing with the object of promoting the arts and sciences connected with the economic production of the useful minerals and metals and the welfare of those employed in these industries by means of meetings for social intercourse and the reading and discussion of professional papers, and to circulate by means of publications among its members and associates the information thus obtained.

Jan 1, 1923

WE the undersigned, being all persons of full age and citizens of the United States, and a majority residents of the State of New York, desiring to form a corporation pursuant to the provisions of the Membership Corporations Law for the purpose of incorporating, as provided in Section 5 of Article I. of said law, the existing unincorporated association known as American Institute of Mining Engineers, do hereby make, acknowledge and file this Certificate for that purpose, and do Certify as follows I. That the American Institute of Mining Engineers is an unincorporated association organized and existing with the object of promoting the arts and sciences connected with the economic production of the useful minerals and metals and the welfare of those employed in these industries by means of meetings for social intercourse and the reading and discussion of professional papers, and to circulate by means of publications among its members and associates the information thus obtained.

Jan 1, 1917

WE the undersigned, being all persons of full age and citizens of the United States, and a majority residents of the State of New York, desiring to form a corporation pursuant to the provisions of the Membership Corporations Law for the purpose of incorporating, as provided in Section 5 of Article I. of said law, the existing unincorporated association known as American Institute of Mining Engineers, do hereby make, acknowledge and file this Certificate for that purpose, and do Certify as follows I. That the American Institute of Mining Engineers is an unincorporated association organized and existing with the object of promoting the arts and sciences connected with the economic production of the useful minerals and metals and the welfare of those employed in these industries by means of meetings for social intercourse and the reading and discussion of professional papers, and to circulate by means of publications among its members and associates the information thus obtained.

Jan 1, 1923

WE the undersigned, being all persons of full age and citizens of the United States and a majority residents of the State of New York, desiring to form a corporation pursuant to the provisions of the Membership Corporations Law for the purpose of incorporating, as provided in Section 5 of Article I. of said law, the existing unincorporated association known as American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers, Incorporated, do hereby make, acknowledge and file this Certificate for that purpose, and do Certify as follows: I. That the American Institute of Mining Engineers is an unincorporated association organized and existing with the object of promoting the arts and sciences connected with the economic production of the useful minerals and metals and the welfare of those employed in these industries by means of meetings for social intercourse and the reading and discussion of professional papers, and to circulate by means of publications among its members and associates the information thus obtained.

Jan 1, 1937

WE the undersigned, being all persons of full age and citizens of the United States, and a majority residents of the State of New York, desiring to form a corporation pursuant to the provisions of the Membership Corporations Law for the purpose of incorporating, as provided in Section 5 of Article I. of said law, the existing unincorporated association known as American Institute of Mining Engineers, do hereby make, acknowledge and file this Certificate for that purpose, and do Certify as follows I. That the American Institute of Mining Engineers is an unincorporated association organized and existing with the object of promoting the arts and sciences connected with the economic production of the useful minerals and metals and the welfare of those employed in these industries by means of meetings for social intercourse and the reading and discussion of professional papers, and to circulate by means of publications among its members and associates the information thus obtained.

Jan 1, 1923

WE the undersigned, being all persons of full age and citizens of the United States, and a majority residents of the State of New York, desiring to form a corporation pursuant to the provisions of the Membership Corporations Law for the purpose of incorporating, as provided in Section 5 of Article I. of said law, the existing unincorporated association known as American Institute of Mining Engineers, do hereby make, acknowledge and file this Certificate for that purpose, and do Certify as follows I. That the American Institute of Mining Engineers is an unincorporated association organized and existing with the object of promoting the arts and sciences connected with the economic production of the useful minerals and metals and the welfare of those employed in these industries by means of meetings for social intercourse and the reading and discussion of professional papers, and to circulate by means of publications among its members and associates the information thus obtained.

Jan 1, 1923

WE the undersigned, being all persons of full age and citizens of the United States, and a majority residents of the State of New York, desiring to form a corporation pursuant to the provisions of the Membership Corporations Law for the purpose of incorporating, as provided in Section 5 of Article I. of said law, the existing unincorporated association known as American Institute of Mining Engineers, do hereby make, acknowledge and file this Certificate for that purpose, and do Certify as follows I. That the American Institute of Mining Engineers is an unincorporated association organized and existing with the object of promoting the arts and sciences connected with the economic production of the useful minerals and metals and the welfare of those employed in these industries by means of meetings for social intercourse and the reading and discussion of professional papers, and to circulate by means of publications among its members and associates the information thus obtained.

Jan 1, 1923

WE, the undersigned, being all persons of full age and citizens of the United States and a majority residents of the State of New York, desiring to form a corporation pursuant to the provisions of the Membership Corporations Law for the purpose of incorporating, as provided in Section 5 of Article I of said law, the existing unincorporated association known as American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers, Incorporated, do hereby make, acknowledge and file this Certificate for that purpose, and do certify as follows I That the American Institute of Mining Engineers is an unincorporated association organized and existing with the object of promoting the arts and sciences connected with the economic production of the useful minerals and metals and the welfare of those employed in these industries by means of meetings for social intercourse and the reading and discussion of professional papers, and to circulate by means of publications among its members and associates the information thus obtained

Jan 1, 1952

WE, the undersigned, being all persons of full age and citizens of the United States and a majority residents of the State of New York, desiring to form a corporation pursuant to the provisions of the Membership Corporations Law for the purpose of incorporating, as provided in Section 5 of Article I. of said law, the existing unincorporated association known as American Institute of Miming and Metallurgical Engineers, Incorporated, do hereby make, acknowledge and file this Certificate for that purpose, and do certify as follows: I. That the American Institute of Mining Engineers is an unincorporated association organized and existing with the . object of promoting the arts and sciences connected with the economic production of the useful minerals and metals and the welfare of those employed in these industries by means of meetings for social intercourse and the reading and discussion of professional papers, and to circulate by means of publications among its members and associates the information thus obtained.

Jan 1, 1946

By W. D. Robertson, R. E. Reed-Hill

DEFORMATION of magnesium crystals in a direction parallel to the basal plane has a special significance as a result of the preferred orientation characteristic of cold worked and recrystallized polycrystalline magnesium sheet and extruded rod in which the basal plane tends to lie in or near the plane of the sheet or the axis of a rod. The principal objective of the present study is a determination of the modes of plastic deformation in magnesium single crystals in this orientation. Evidence for nonbasal slip in magnesium has been presented by a number of authors. Schmid and Was-serman&apos; indicated that pyramidal slip on {1011} < 1120> or {1012} <1120> could occur above 225°C. Bakarian and Mathewson2 stablished that the slip system {1011} <1120> operates at high temperatures and that 225°C was a lower limit for pyramidal slip. The latter authors also showed that the critical resolved shear stress for {1011} slip was 400 g per sq mm at 330°C, while that for basal slip was 66 g per sq mm at the same temperature. Thus, at 330°C basal slip should be expected for all orientations except those in which the stress axis lies almost in the basal plane. More recently Burke and Hibbard3 oserved pyramidal slip at 25°C, when the stress axis was 6" to the basal plane and 14" to a <1120> slip direction. The critical resolved shear stress for pyramidal slip was 52 g per sq mm, which is only slightly greater than their value for basal slip (46 g per sq mm). Chadhuri, Chang, and Grant4 have observed non-basal slip in creep tests with polycrystalline specimens in the temperature range 250" to 350°C. The observed slip bands, which were extremely irregular in appearance, can be explained in terms of cooperative slip on {1011} and (1010) planes which have a common slip direction. Prismatic (1070) slip in polycrystalline magnesium was observed by Hauser, Landon, and Dorn.5 It was found to occur at low temperatures (78" and 195°K) and it was accompanied by cross slip in which the cooperating plane was the basal plane. Since prismatic slip occurred only at regions of high stress concentrations, the critical resolved shear stress could not be determined. Experimental Procedure The present work was performed on crystal specimens which were all cut from the same large single crystal. The original cylindrical crystal, 0.5 x 7 in., was grown in a Bridgman type furnace in which the temperature gradient was moved past the stationary crystal in the manner described by Jillson6 and Burke.&apos; High purity magnesium was furnished by the Dow Chemical Co. with the following spectro-graphic analysis in weight percent: 0.003 pct Al, <0.01 pct Ca, 0,002 pct Cu, <0.001 pct Fe, 0.008 pct Mn, <0.001 pct Ni, <0.002 pct Pb, <0.01 pct Si, <0.001 pct Sn, and <0.01 pct Zn. The large crystal was cut into four cylindrical pieces about 1.5 in. long. A flat surface parallel to the basal plane was made by hand grinding with lubricated metallographic paper on one side of each cylinder. In order to prevent bending in subsequent cutting operations, the crystals were supported by

Jan 1, 1958

By AIME AIME

SOMETIMES family backgrounds have a deep, if not direct, influence on a man&apos;s lifework. Dean Callen&apos;s paternal grandfather came from Wales and was a mine official in the Pennsylvania anthracite field: his maternal grandfather was a retail coal dealer. His father and uncle began their careers a. breaker boys but later completed their educational work and ended up in the professions. With that background, and with the slate region ( Pen Argyl, Pa.. July 1;. 1888) as his birthplace it is not strange that "Cope" Callen became a teacher of mining engineering. Graduating from Lehigh with an E.M. in 1909, lie taught there for two years while working for his master&apos;s degree. In 1911 he returned to teaching, going to the University of Illinois as instructor in mining engineering. In 1917, he was called to West Virginia University as head of the department of mining engineering and director of mining extension. The extension work was about dead. bus a new staff was built and the six-weeks&apos; short course in coal mining was revamped into an attractive and efficient course which has grown in popularity with the years. Callen&apos;s work attracted the attention of the Federal Board for Vocational Education and in 1919 he was invited to serve that board as special agent for mining, taking a six-months&apos; leave front the University.

Jan 1, 1944

By Paul H. Johnson

Chemical mining may be defined as the use of chemicals in extracting metal values from in situ broken or unbroken ores within a mine. The present means for the generation and regeneration of sulfuric acid or sulfuric-ferric sulfate solutions are inadequate for most applications. This report describes a pressure oxidation process for the generation and regeneration of these solutions from pyrites and spent iron sulfate leach liquors. While recent mining developments such as solution injection, caving, and conventional and nuclear blasting, have provided new and better means for the per-colation of leach solutions through rock masses, little has been done to reduce cost and improve the quality of the leach solutions that are required. A leach solution for chemical mining should meet certain requirements. It should be 1) inexpensive on either a small or large tonnage basis, 2) capable of selectively leaching the desired ore minerals contained in a particular ore, 3) of the proper strength or quality to do the job of leaching in an underground environment and 4) amendable to simple and inexpensive metal recovery steps. It is also important that the capital investment be low for the solution generation and; or regeneration plant.

Jan 8, 1965

By E. P. Barrett

THE high-frequency laboratory induction furnace with a rotating liquid crucible enables research workers to conduct certain investigations heretofore very difficult or impossible to realize because vessels are not obtainable that are capable of resisting the physical conditions or the chemical actions to which they are subjected. Applications for patents covering commercial uses of centrifugal liquid crucibles were filed in the United States in 1919,1 in France in 1925, in the United States and Germany in 1926,2 and in France in 1927.3 In 1928, Schuette and Maier,4 of the Bureau of Mines, reported the construction of a whirling table beneath a high-frequency induction furnace. SHAPE AND SIZE OF CENTRIFUGAL LIQUID CRUCIBLES When a vessel containing a liquid is rotated, the inner surface of the liquid takes the shape f a paraboloid under the simultaneous action of centrifugal force and gravity. The internal dimensions of the paraboloid rotating liquid crucible are governed by the diameter of the container and its speed of rotation. Melted Wood&apos;s metal was poured into cylinders 2 ½ in. in diameter, which were rotated at 180, 300, and 468 r.p.m. When the metal was solid, a slurry of plaster of Paris was added, and rotation continued until the plaster had set. Fig. 1, a photograph of sections f the cylinders, shows the effect f speed f rotation of the containers upon the shape f the inner surface f the rotating liquid crucibles.

Jan 1, 1938

Manganese ore from the Black Rock, Kramer, and Black Jack mines in Tooele and Jaub Counties, Utah, are of acceptable grade, the U. S. Bureau of Mines has announced. Payment of a premium price of 252¢ per lb to the Copper Range Co., of Michigan for the output of its White Pine mine, has been agreed to by the DMPA. The contract will be limited to $28.6 million worth of copper. The agreement follows an RFC loan grant of $57 million to bring the White Pine property into production within three years. Increases of 5 to 6 cents over the Lake copper ceilings have been granted to the Calumet & Helca Consolidated Copper Co., for operation of "high cost" deposits, according to Jess Larson, DMPA administrator. Mr. Larson expects the move to add about one million lb of copper per month to the supply. The agreement can be cancelled on 60 days notice and is terminated automatically in the event copper ceilings are removed.

Jan 1, 1952