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By C. Morrow

Deformation studies were performed on tuffaceous rocks fran Yucca Mountain, Nevada Test Site to determine the strengths and coefficients of friction under confining pressures from 10-50 MPa at room temperature. Frictional strengths of 30ºsawcut samples increased with pressure and reached values of around 150 MPa at the higher confining pressures. However, the failure strengths of the intact samples were quite unpredictable. The coefficients of friction ranged between 0.7 and 0.9 for all specimens. These data can be used in conjunction with in situ stress measurements at Yucca Mountain, to evaluate the potential for earthquake activity in the region.

Jan 1, 1984

By J. R. Slotemaker

As successfully pilot-tested at a quarry producing limestone for a large cement plant, swiftly flowing streams of rock enter the Gromax Selector. They are electronically scanned while in motion and light reflection data flashed to logic circuits. The logic circuits compute the total light deviations in each rock as it passes the scanner. Thus, a rock with striated or spotted impurities can be rejected or accepted on the basis of its proportional content. The actual case history of this equipment's development at a limestone quarry in the Southeast serves to illustrate its general area of usefulness.

Jan 1, 1964

By B. R. Eichbaum, J. E. Murphy, J. A. Eisele

The US Bureau of Mines demonstrated ferric chloride leaching of galena concentrate on a continuous bench scale basis. Leaching was performed at 95°C (200°F) and with a contact time of 15 minutes. The ferric chloride leaching solution was continuously fed to a leaching tank at a constant rate for periods up to 45 hours. In each test, a constant redox potential was maintained in the slurry exiting the leaching tank by controlling the concentrate feed rate. In the 45 hour test, lead extraction exceeded 99.5%, and the lead chloride produced was 99.97% pure.

Jan 1, 1986

H. A. BUEHLER, Rolla, Mo. -I consider the lead .and zinc deposits of the Mississippi Valley to be the result of descending waters. There are many features that we have not determined and yet when you see the general field relations, it seems to me that the cause and effect can be well explained by descending circulation. In the Joplin-Miami district, for instance, the ore deposits are connected with openings or with old cavity fillings which have a direct connection downward from the surface to practically 300 ft. In the Miami camp, in the western part of the field, some of the deepest orebodies are directly connected with water, channels; the same condition has been obvious and always present with the shallower ores. I speak of one deposit that I have examined more thoroughly than any other in that district, the Admiralty property, which contains large openings or caves at the deepest levels. It seems to me that waters which would pass upward through 1800 ft. of dolomite would be saturated with lime and magnesia so far as the carbon dioxide of those waters would dissolve them, and therefore, on

Jan 1, 1918

By Gilbert Soler

Page Introduction. By Gilbert Soler.........................657 Deoxidation of Basic Open-hearth Steel. By T. S. Washburn.............658 Slag-metal-oxygen Relationships in the Basic Open-hearth and Electric Processes. By J. S. Marsh. (With discussion)...........................672 The Total Oxygen Content of Plain Carbon Open-hearth Steel during Deoxidation and Teeming. By Michael Tenenbaum and C. C. Brown. (With discussion)......685 The Occurrence of Oxygen in Liquid Open-hearth Steel—Sampling Methods. By T. E. Brower and B. b. Larsen..........................712 Effect of Deoxidation on the Strain-sensitivity of Low-carbon Steels. By H. K. Work and G. H. Enzian. (With discussion)........................723 The Relation among Aluminum, Sulphur, and Grain Size. By C. E. Sims.......734 Some of the papers and discussions that appear on the following pages were presented at the meeting of the Iron and Steel Division in Cleveland, Ohio, on Wednesday, October 18, 1944. with L. F. Reinartz and H. K. Work as Chairmen; the remainder were scheduled for the New York Meeting of the Institute in February 1945, which was canceled.

Jan 1, 1945

By Charles Prasky, Robert K. Zahl, John C. Nigro

Bench scale and pilot plant research was conducted using dolomitic (CaO - MgO) lime as the basic additive in the preparation of self-fluxed pellets from a typical magnetic taconite concentrate (5.5% SiO2). The specific objective of this investigation was to ascertain the viability of the magnesia lime pellets in high temperature oxidizing and reducing atmospheres. Pellet basicity and induration temperature were major parameters affecting fired pellet quality; temperatures ranging from 1200° to 1250°C appeared to be the most favorable for production of self-fluxed pellets with basicities (B) above 1.0. Comparison of the mechanical and metallurgical properties of regular (acid) and self-fluxed pellets (B = 1.55) produced under similar conditions in a modified grate pelletizing machine showed that the selffluxed pellets were more resistant to abrasion and to high and low temperature reduction disintegration, an important consideration in commercial application. The +3 mesh Linder index increased from 68% (regular pellets) to over 90% (self-fluxed pellets). The reducibility and swelling indices of the self-fluxed pellets were found to be comparable to the regular pellets.

Jan 1, 1974

No. 373. Wanted.-Two mill and cyanide shift bosses who must be technically trained, thoroughly experienced along chemical and mill-operating lines. Must be energetic and of a caliber to take entire charge of mill in case of emergency and able to handle any technical questions that may arise. Plant consists of 400-ton stamp mill and cyanide plant. Working knowledge of Spanish desirable but not absolutely required. Salary $150 per month together with all other usual terms of regular contract. Location, Central America. No. 374. Wanted.-A University in the Middle West desires, for its mining department, a professor proficient in the preparation of coal and ores and mining design. No. 375. Wanted.-A University in the Middle West desires in its mining department a professor for a research position which requires not only a library and laboratory research man, but one who can mingle with, mine operators and technical men and labor men and represent the university technically in State work.

Jan 3, 1919

By James Malcolmson

(New York Meeting, February, 1913.) THE Tigre Mining Co. of Mexico, owned by the Lucky Tiger Combination Gold Mining Co. of Kansas City, decided early in 1910 to enlarge its mill, which consisted of a concentrator milling 3,000 tons of ore per month. The enlarged plant was designed to crush and concentrate 6,000 of ore and to cyanide 7,500 tons per mouth. The extra tonnage cyanided was to be obtained from tailings which were stored below the old mill. Power was supplied to the old mill from four boilers; a 150-h-p.. Corliss engine and two Weber 60-h-p. gas-engines using producer-gas made from charcoal. The total horse-power required, including 60 h-p. used for machine-drills in the mine, was approximately 275. Cord-wood cost $4.32 per cord, 8 by 4 by 3 ft., and charcoal $15 per ton. The fuel supply in the surrounding country was approaching exhaustion; more than 150 mules and 50 men were engaged in cutting and transporting this fuel, and the unsettled political, conditions in Sonora were such that it would be practically impossible to keep an organization of this kind together. The price of fuel was steadily rising and at times it became almost impossible to get sufficient fuel to operate.

Jan 4, 1913

Division of Geology, State of Tennessee, 401 Seventh Ave, North, Nashville, Tenn. Walter F. Pond, State Geologist A selected list of Bulletins available: Bulletin 1(B), Bibliography of Tennessee geology (1911); 2(A) Outline introduction to mineral resources (1910), 2(D) Marbles (1911); 2(G) Zinc deposits (1910), 16, Red iron ores of east Tennessee (1913), 22, Geology and natural resources of Rutherford County (1920), 24(A) Geology and oil possibilities of parts of Overton, Clay, Pickett and Fentress counties (1920); 24(B) Oil and gas resources of northeastern Sumner County (1920), 26, Mineral resources of Waynesboro Quadrangle (1921); 28, Marble deposits of East Tennessee (1923), 29, Magnetic iron ores of east Tennessee (1923), 31, Zinc deposits of east Tennessee (1923), 33, Tennessee coal fields, 37, Geology and mineral resources of Hardin County, 38, Stratigraphy of the Central Basin (in press), 39, Brown iron ores of the Eastern Highland Rim (in press) From 1911 to 1919, inclusive, volumes were issued annually on The Resources of Tennessee Only a few of the separate papers contained in those volumes are now available Vol. 2 (1911): No 1, Explosions of coal dust in mines, and other papers, No. 4, Lignite and lignitic clays in west Tennessee, and other papers; 5, The growth of knowledge of Tennessee geol¬ogy; 9, The valley and mountain iron ores of east Tennessee, 10, The iron industry of Lawrence and Wayne counties, and other papers; 11, Barite deposits in the Sweetwater district, and other papers, 12, The iron ore deposits in the Tuckalioe district, and another paper Various oil maps (15 to 40 cents each) and traverse maps of counties (25 cents and 31 each) can be had, as well as pertinent U. S topographic maps.

Jan 1, 1933

By K. J. Reid, H. A. Lex, I. Iwasaki, K. A. Smith

The effects of autogenous grinding and conventional grinding on the floatabilities of copper-nickel sulfides from Duluth gabbro were investigated. At the same mesh-of-grind copper, nickel, and cobalt recoveries were higher and residual sulfur in the flotation tailings was lower with the autogenously ground pulps. With the ball-mill ground pulps the residual sulfur in the tailings could not be lowered to the level attained by the autogenously ground pulps even at increased levels of the collector addition. From mineralogical examinations of concentrate and tailings samples, an electrochemical interaction between grinding media and sulfide minerals was thought to have a greater effect on sulfide mineral flotation behavior than the breakage characteristics of the ore samples in these two types of mills.

Jan 1, 1984

CONTENTS KANSAS-H. S. BRYANT 3 TEXAS, EXCEPT GULF COAST-M. C. CHENEY 14 GULF COAST-L. P. TEAS 21 TEXAS PANHANDLE-W. E. HUBBARD 29 LOUISIANA, ARKANSAS AND MISSISSIPPI L H. K. SHEARER 37 ROCKY MOUNTAINS-R. C. COFFIN 43 CALIFORNIA-V. H. WILHELM 51 MICHIGAN AND THE TRENTON FIELDS OF OHIO AND INDIANA-M. G. GULLEY 65 ILLINOIS, WESTERN KENTUCKY AND WESTERN INDIANA-A. H. BELL . . . 73

Jan 1, 1932

By T. O. Olsen, R. Henriksen

Aggregated models of a bank of flotation cells have frequently been used, assuming that a single-cell model can be used for control and estimation purposes. In this paper we investigate the feasibility of this approach, and show that single-cell aggregated models may very well be used in order to estimate the aggregated net flotation rate constants of the bank. These estimates would usually be very crucial in order to control the plant.

Jan 1, 1981

By N. J. Feola, E. P. Klier

NOTCH properties of titanium materials have been extensively investigated in the impact test.'-" For the most part the impact strength meas- ured suggests a ductile-brittle transition that lies at relatively high temperatures, thus indicating a possible notch sensitive condition at ambient temperatures. Recently it has been shown' that the impact strength for unalloyed titanium, as for aluminum alloys, may be a nonsensitive index of notch sensitivity as provided by the notch strength as measured in the notch tensile test. The notch strength for unalloyed titanium was found to depend on the nitrogen and carbon contamination levels. In the present work the levels to which oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon contaminants can be tolerated without leading to excessive em-

Jan 1, 1958

By D. Collins, B. Pina, G. Snell

The conversion of moisture and ash free (maf) coal to pyridine solubles and gas was investigated in a microautoclave batch reactor. Two washed Kentucky coal samples (KY # 9 and KY #11) were studied in liquefaction solvents of various donor strength. The liquefaction solvent hydrogen donor strength was varied by changing the tetralin content of a mixed 1 -methylnaphthalene-tetralin mixture. Primary liquefaction conversions in excess of 90 wt% in 10 minutes of reaction time @ 700° K (427OC or 800°F) were achieved with liquefaction solvents of moderate donor strength, i.e. 40% tetralin. A modified irreversible first order rate expression (eq. 1) described the experimental data:

Jan 1, 1986

By L. W. McKeehan, W. C. Elmore

The magnetic powder method, long used for roughly mapping magnetic fields, has recently been refined1, "or investigating the microscopic variations in the surface magnetization of ferromagnetic crystals. Bitter2 first discovered regular powder patterns connected with the crystal structure of such specimens. Several other investigators:' have used Bitter's original technique, with slight modifications, to study the variation of the patterns with variations in the magnetizing field applied parallel to the surface, and their dependence upon the state of strain, of polish and of crystal cut. All of the explanations of these patterns on metallic ferromagnetics have been couched in general terms. In a preliminary report we have described an improvement ill the powder technique which led us to the discovery of a new effect throwing considerable light on the magnetic secondary structure of alpha iron4 and of nickel5 single crystals. We now report additional evidence confirming the existence and stability of a magnetic block secondary structure. Specimens The following list describes the specimens used in the present investigation. Designation Description A1 Silicon ferrite furnished to us by Dr. W. E. Ruder, of the General Electric Co., for which lie gave the following typical analysis: C, 0.05; P, 0.038; S, 0.026; Mn, 0.15; Si, 3.24. Disk, 0.60 cm. diameter, about 0.05 cm. thick. By X-ray analysis angles between disk normal and [100] 75o, [0101 76" [00l] 21o. A2 Same as A1 except: diameter 0.75 cm. A, Same as A1 except: diameter 0.68 cm.

Jan 1, 1936

By L. W. McKeehan, W. C. Elmore

The magnetic powder method, long used for roughly mapping magnetic fields, has recently been refined1, "or investigating the microscopic variations in the surface magnetization of ferromagnetic crystals. Bitter2 first discovered regular powder patterns connected with the crystal structure of such specimens. Several other investigators:' have used Bitter's original technique, with slight modifications, to study the variation of the patterns with variations in the magnetizing field applied parallel to the surface, and their dependence upon the state of strain, of polish and of crystal cut. All of the explanations of these patterns on metallic ferromagnetics have been couched in general terms. In a preliminary report we have described an improvement ill the powder technique which led us to the discovery of a new effect throwing considerable light on the magnetic secondary structure of alpha iron4 and of nickel5 single crystals. We now report additional evidence confirming the existence and stability of a magnetic block secondary structure. Specimens The following list describes the specimens used in the present investigation. Designation Description A1 Silicon ferrite furnished to us by Dr. W. E. Ruder, of the General Electric Co., for which lie gave the following typical analysis: C, 0.05; P, 0.038; S, 0.026; Mn, 0.15; Si, 3.24. Disk, 0.60 cm. diameter, about 0.05 cm. thick. By X-ray analysis angles between disk normal and [100] 75o, [0101 76" [00l] 21o. A2 Same as A1 except: diameter 0.75 cm. A, Same as A1 except: diameter 0.68 cm.

Jan 1, 1936

By Earl H. Miller, Henry H. Bruhn

COMMERCIAL beds of sylvite ore were discovered by the Snowden & McSweeney Co. while drilling a wildcat oil well some 25 miles northeast of Carlsbad, N. NI., in 1925. After a preliminary core drilling program the U. S. Potash Co. sank a 1060-ft shaft within 4 miles of the original discovery. This shaft was in an isolated location in a sand desert area with only the roughest of dirt roads connecting it with the neigh- boring town of Carlsbad some 21 ½ miles west.

Jan 6, 1954

By F. M. Lewis, R. B. Bhappu

In 1977 a paper was presented which reviewed the cost trends in producing copper by conventional processes for five years, 1972 through 1976. In this paper these costs have been updated to include the years 1977 and 1978.

Jan 1, 1982

By Alfred F. Brainerd

A few months since, Prof. Lawrence C. Johnson, of the U. 8. Survey, discovered in Mississippi large deposits of carbonate iron-ore, geologically located in the Claiborne formation of the Tertiary Epoch. These deposits are not pockets, but continuous layers or beds extending for miles, and can be located with certainty where they have not been removed by erosion. Upon examination, recently made by G. W. West, Birmingham, Ala., the largest deposits and highest grades of ore were found near Enterprise, Lauderdale county, and in Clark county, Miss. These beds measure from 10 to 18 feet in thickness, are superimposed upon a " burr rock," associated with green sand, and dip 30 feet to the mile southeast, at an altitude of 350 feet above sea-level, can be

Jan 1, 1888

By T. Sterry Hunt

The Jones Mine (or Johannes Mine, as it was originally called, from a former proprietor), situated near Springfield, in the township of Caernarvon, Berks County, Pennsylvania, has long been known as a large deposit of magnetic iron ore, associated with more or less copper pyrites, and with malachite and chrysocolla. It occurs in a belt of soft schistose rocks which rest upon the Laurentian gneiss of the Welsh Mountain,' and to the northward are soon concealed by the unconformably overlying Mesozoic sandstone of the region. These metalliferous strata belong to the Primal slates of Rodgers, which, in many other localities in this region, include similar deposits of iron ores associated with more or less copper, and often accompanied by chloritic and argillaceous schists, and, more rarely, by serpentine and small lenticular masses of crystalline limestone. To this same horizon belong the iron ores of Boyertown, Fritz's Island, and Roudenbusch, near Reading, Wheatfield, Cornwall, and Dillsburg (all of which are found along the northern border of the Mesozoic belt of