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The following is an incomplete list of members and guests who called at Institute headquarters during. the period Mar. 10, 1919,. to Apr. 10, 1919. F. T. Agthe, Hannibal, Mo. Jay Lonergan,. Denver, Colo. W. F. Almy, Canada. R. R. London, Cebu, P. I. P. G. Bandy, Mexico. W. D. Mainwaring, Philadelphia, Pa. H. R. Bank, Humboldt, Ariz. _ W. G. Mitchell, Montreal, Can. Alan M. Bateman, New Haven, Conn. Francis Nicholson, Joplin, Mo. C. A. Brooks, Lead, S. Dak: C. H. Palmer, Los Angeles, Calif. Louis J. Brunel, Oakland, Calif. D. A. Powell, Columbus, Ohio. W. Burns, Sante Fe, N. M. W. H. Reber, Dallas, Tex. J. B. Carlock, Major, 1st Gas Regt. Capt. J. B. Richards, Spokane, Wash. Louis S. Cates, Hayden, Ariz. T. C. Roberts, E. Orange, N. J. W. M. Corse, Mansfield, Ohio Max Roesler, Washington, D. C. E. 0. Daue, Philadelphia, Pa. C. 0. Sanford, Los-Angeles, Calif. John Davenport, W. Norfolk, Va. Gustave Sessinghaus, Denver, Colo. James T. Dixon, London, England, . E. H. Shriver, Milford Center, Ohio. S. K. Dahl, Messina, Transvaal, S. Af. H. M. Spoor. W. G. Eberhardt, Tucson, Ariz. W. H. Staver, New York. H. S. Emlaw, Grant Haven, Mich. D. B. Sterrett, Washington, D. C. I. W. Farrand, Camp Merritt. W. G. Swart, Duluth, Minn. Oscar Gotsch, Jr., St. Louis, Mo. A. W. Stickney, London, England. James 0. Greenan, Oakland, Calif. E. C. Templeton, Downey, Calif. Gilbert Hart, Philadelphia, Pa. . . R. T. Walker, Pioche, Nev. K. L. Hsueh, China. A. T. Ward, Bellefonte, Pa. Zay Jeffries, Cleveland, Ohio. Joel H. Watkins, Washington, D. C. R. W. Kern, Verde, Ariz. J. Wertheimer, Cleveland, Ohio. H. D..Kinney, Easton, Pa. C. R. Wilfley, Ouray, Colo. E. L. Lasier, Washington, D. C. J. P. Wood, Engrs., U. S. A. Carl Zapffe, Brainerd, Minn. Leland D. Adams has left the employ of the Weedon Mining Co., Ltd., at Montreal, Quebec, and is going to Oakland, Calif., where his address will be 1180 Mandana Boulevard.

Jan 5, 1919

By W. G. Matteson

THE origin of the salt domes of the Gulf coastal plain has been investigated by many of the most able geologists, but the problem cannot be said to have been satisfactorily solved. Since 1860, numerous theories have been presented, only to be discarded, at least in part, as more complete information revealed their fundamental weakness. Real progress toward solution dates from 1902, when Hill' advanced the theory of secondary deposition of the domal materials from saturated solutions of hot saline waters ascending from great depths under hydrostatic head along structural lines of weakness. Shortly thereafter, Harris,2 using Hill's hypothesis as a basis, explained the doming and pronounced uplift associated with these salt cores as the result of forces exerted by growing salt crystals. This was a marked advance over the ideas of Coste3 and Hager,4 since no. evidence of igneous intrusives, as they assumed to explain the uplifts, had been found associated with the domes. Harris5 developed his theory until it offered such apparently plausible explanations of so many details of dome phenomena that his hypothesis and conclusions received widespread acceptance, despite some serious objections, and today his theory, somewhat modified, is considered by many able investigators to be the best explanation of, the origin of these domes. The immense production of oil per acre, the recognition of the high lubricating quality of the oil, the development and recognition of the efficiency and advantages of oil-burning vessels, with the, subsequent

Jan 2, 1921

By B. S. Butler

Apropos of metals low in the series illustrated by Dr. Butler's Table 11, it is interesting to note that Cress and Feldman29 reported traces of platinum metals in several samples of alunite. They found, chemically and spectrographically, several traces of platinum, palladium, and rhodium in alunite from Sugar Loaf Peak, near Quartzite, Ariz.; silver, platinum, and rhodium in alunite from Rio Grande County, Colorado; and traces of rubidium and gallium in various samples of alunite. These authors stated that the platinum metals appear to be present as Oxides and suggested deposition by hydrothermal solutions under near-surface conditions. AS described by Heineman,30 the wall rock of the Sugar Loaf alunite veins shows considerable alunitic alteration. Pyrite and hematite are relatively abundant in the wall rock but decrease progressively near the veins. Assays of samples of the Sugar Loaf alunite, run by J. B. Cunningham of the University of Arizona College of Mines, showed traces of silver and 0.002 to 0.004 oz of gold per ton, but the chemical form of the gold and silver in this occurrence remains undetermined.

Jan 1, 1957

Connecticut Geological and Natural History Survey, P O Box 1106, New Haven, Conn W. E Britton, Superintendent. A complete list of Bulletins available will be sent upon request. Address all inquiries for publications to: George S Godard, State Librarian, Hartford, Conn Fifty-one Bulletins have been issued, 15 of which are of particular interest, dealing with the geology of the state, and are available as follows; 4, The clays and clay industries of Connecticut, by G. F Loughlin (1905), 35 cents; 8, Bibliography of Connecticut geology, by H E Gregory (1907), 20 cents, 13, The lithology of Connecticut, by J Barrell and G. F Loughlin (1910), 45 cents, 18, Triassic fishes of Connecticut, by C. R Eastman (1911), 30 cents, 23, Central Connecticut in the geologic past, by J. Barrell (1915), 20 cents, 24, Triassic life of the Connecticut Valley, by R Lull (1915), 70 cents, 29, The Quaternary geology of the New Haven region, Connecticut, by F. Ward (1920), 60 cents, 30, Drainage modifications, and glaciation in the Danbury region, Connecticut, by Ruth S. Harvey (1920), 55 cents, 33, Geology of the Stonington region, Connecticut, by L H. Martin (1925), 60 cents, 40, The geology of the Shepaug Aqueduct Tunnel, Litchfield County, Connecticut, by W M. Agar (1927), 50 cents; 41, Guide to the geology of Middletown, Connecticut, and Vicinity, by W. N Rice and W. G Foye (1927), $1, 44, Report on the water resources of Connecticut, by R. H Suttee (1928), $1, 46, The physical history of the Connecticut shoreline, by H S Sharp (1929), 75 cents; 47, The glacial geology of Connecticut, by R F. Flint (1929), $2, 51, Minerals of Connecticut, by J F Schairer (1932), 75 cents Bulletin 51 explains the physical and chemical properties of minerals, their classification, and describes more than 100 common minerals found in Connecticut. A bibliography is included The Survey gratuitously distributes all its Bulletins to state residents, scientific institutions, etc. Prices quoted are to private citizens of other states

Jan 1, 1933

By S. Y. Ogawa

The effects of sulfur (up to 0.1 pet) on the deformation and fracture characteristics of iron, in cast form, were studied at strain rates up to 100 pct pcr sec and at temperatures of 1600o to -3300 oF. The effects of oxygen and manganese additions on the behavior of Fe-S alloys were studied under comparable test conditions. Brittle fracture characteristics, evident at all strain rates, resulted from the presence of the liquid iron sulfide phase at grain boundaries. Ductility could be restored in three ways: solution of the sulfide in solid y iron at higher temperatures, spheroid-zzation of the liquid sulfide, and increase. in the melting point ot the sulfide. THE literature shows that most previous studies of deformation and fracture at hot working temperatures have been based on measurements of energy absorption, reduction of height in forging upset tests, torsion tests of bar or wire samples, and so forth,' but that relatively few tension tests have been used at high temperatures and strain rates. The present work was initiated to study the ef- fects of temperature, strain rate, composition, and structure on the deformation and fracture characteristics of iron, utilizing cast specimens tested in tension. As in a previous study,' strain rates up to 100 pct per sec were chosen for the temperature range 1600° to 2400° to provide data which might be useful in the interpretation of the deformation and fracture behavior of steels under hot working conditions. The previous work was with Fe-P solid solution al10ys;2 this work is concerned with Fe-S alloys, and with the effects of oxygen and manganese additions. MATERIALS AND PROCEDURE Cast tes! specimens were employed throughout, since most of the difficulty during hot working occurs in the initial breakdown of the ingot. Alloy Systems. Ten 25 lb. heats containing sulphur were prepared. Of these, three had manganese additions, and two had oxygen additions. The sulfur content varied from 0.023 to 0.10 pct. Manganese contents were intended to be ten to twenty times the sulfur content of the particular alloy. Oxygen, being more difficult to control in small melts, was varied by the amount of solid deoxidizer added, but poor control of the oxygen content was experienced in most instances. Table I shows the chemical analyses of the heats. Melting and Casting. Electrolytic-iron chips were melted by high frequency induction in a prefired, clay-graphite crucible lined with rammed magnesite.

Jan 1, 1962

By William P. Dyrenforth

The principle of electrostatic separation is discussed and elaborated on by dividing into the three main mechanisms of electrification as applied to separation of solid substances, i.e., (1) contact electrification, (2) electrification by conductive induction, (3) electrification by ion bombardment. Types of equipment used for electrostatic processing are described and the effects of humidity mentioned. Processing of iron ore, titanium minerals, rare earths and cassiterite is discussed and some existing plants are described.

Jan 1, 1978

By E. C. Wright, P. W. Mumma

This paper describes some properties of steels in the composition range 0.10 to 0.30 per cent carbon and 1 to 7 per cent chromium. It is well known that some steels of this type develop high tensile strengths upon receiving comparatively simple heat treatments, such as ordinary air cooling from appropriate temperatures, with or without subsequent tempering treatments. These high strengths are frequently associated with unusual toughness as measured by the Izod or Charpy impact test. The chromium content, in addition to imparting the above properties, enhances the resistance to corrosion and improves the strength and oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures. Moreover, these steels have good forging and fabricating properties, as evidenced by the fact that several thousand tons of seamless tubing have been made during the past five years from steels containing 0.10 to 0.25 per cent carbon and 5 per cent chromium. Composition and Properties of Materials Tested Twelve 15-lb. induction furnace heats of the compositions shown in Table 1 were prepared, using low-carbon open-hearth steel base melts

Jan 1, 1933

By Elburt F. Osborn

The phrase "Clean Synthetic Fluid Fuels From Coal," implies that it is possible to obtain adequate and dependable supplies of fuel without sacrificing the quality of our air, water, and land. Because of the long lead times needed to develop technical feasibility, into commercial reality, however, vigorous efforts must be made now in order to do it. The available options for clean fuels include many exotic sources, like solar and geothermal power, fuel cells, and thermionic and thermoelectric systems. To solve the energy crisis, however, we have three basic energy criteria-abundance, reliability, and commercial availability by 1985. Only processes based on converting coal and oil shale to clean, synthetic fluid fuels can meet all three.

Jan 9, 1974

By V. E. McKelvey

Some understanding of the United States mineral resource potential is essential for planning and policy making for the future. Reserves of some minerals are essentially lacking and for many others they are sufficient for only short term needs. Estimates of undiscovered resources of many minerals are substantial but are insufficient to support long term requirements, particularly if they continue to increase as they have in the past. Presently, subeconomic resources of some minerals such as aluminum are huge, but their recovery may require increased amounts of energy, which poses problems both as to cost and availability. Beyond these identifiable components of the United States mineral potential, what are the prospects? If they could be identified specifically, of course, they would be included in the above. An unappraised potential of new production and discovery can be expected to exist in known districts, where unproved methods of exploration may yield new discoveries; in new types of ore deposits; in metallogenic provinces as yet unrecognized or poorly explored; in frontier areas and in deeper parts of the crust as yet unexplored; and in presently subeconomic sources that may come within economic reach as the result of technologic advance. Other sources may extend the life of domestic material supplies -- substitution of abundant for scarce materials, recycling and prevention of waste, improved efficiency in recovery and use, and conservation of use.

Jan 1, 1976

By E. Werchowsky

FOR over four years, since the revolution of 1917, Russia has been cut off from the Western world. Political and general economical reforms have attracted the attention of the public and business world, but mining men have had no information as to the situation in their branch of industry, as various articles which have appeared in the European and American press gave little information as to actual conditions in our country. When the Soviet system of government was estab-lished and private ownership abolished, it affected the FIG. 1.-ORGANIZATION OF THE COUNCIL OF MINES. mining industry very little at first. The power of the Soviets did not affect the Ural provinces nor Ukraine or Asiatic Russia (Siberia, Turkestan, etc.) during 1918 and 1919, and, as is well known, the mineral wealth of the republic lies within those boundaries. In the Ural Mountains are copper, gold, and platinum; in Siberia, silver, lead, zinc, and gold, and the coal deposits in Koushetz district; in Ukraine, there are the coal fields of Donetz and the iron mines of Krivvy Rog, and silver, lead, zinc, copper, oil, etc. in the Cauca-sus. The mineral resources of Central Russia are the coal fields of Moscow (low-grade and brown coal), turf deposits, iron mines in Tula and Kalonga provinces, and quarries of granite and other building materials.

Jan 8, 1922

By H. I. Smith

WHEN Spain established colonies on the North American continent, some of her land grants, in what is now the United States, reserved to the Crown deposits of gold, silver, and mercury. Later mineral rights were reserved under some of the English Crown charters involving land in the eastern part of North America, with provisions for the payment of royalties thereon to the Crown. Reservation of mineral deposits to the United States Government was instituted by an ordinance of Congress on May 20, 1785, which applied to such deposits in the Northwest Territory, then north of the Ohio River and east of the Mississippi River, and provided that there should be reserved "one third of all gold, silver, lead, and copper mines, to be sold or otherwise disposed of as Congress shall hereafter direct." Little was known then of the mineral resources of the country; the Great Lakes copper region had just come into the possession of the United States by treaty and much of the western mineral land still belonged to France and Spain.

Jan 4, 1954

By G. Howell Clevenger

FORMERLY great divergence of opinion existed in regard to the influence of copper in steel, as affecting its various physical properties. More recently the investigations of Stead,1 Breuil,2 Wigham,3 Burgess and Aston,4 Ball and Wingham,5 Miiller,6 Dillner,7 and others have shown fairly good agreement in the major points. Copper steel has been shown by these investigators to possess special properties which make it valuable for certain uses. The general range of composition of the useful alloys of copper and iron, and of copper, iron, and carbon, has been quite definitely established, for the former by Burgess and Aston,8 and for the latter by Breuil 9 and Stead.10 Stead 11 has removed one difficulty in reconciling certain of the earlier data by calling particular attention to the influence of carbon in copper steels. Another point which caused confusion in the earlier investigations, particularly in regard to " red-shortness," was the presence of sulphur. Failure to note the presence of sulphur often led to attributing " red-shortness " to the presence of small amounts of copper. Turner 12 has called attention to the fact that where copper exists in an iron ore it often occurs as the sulphide, so that the presence of copper in steel made from such ores might also, necessarily, mean the presence of sulphur. It is evident that the effect in this case might be quite different than where pure copper was added.

Jan 10, 1913

By E. C. Rudolphy, M. E. Potter, J. R. Mitchell

The effects of 0.006 to 0.20 pet Sn ml the hot workability and the annealed mechanical properties were investigated for Types 302, 410, and 430 stainless steel. The hot workability of these steels was not significantly affected by their tin content within the range studied, although some effects on mechanical properties were noted. Apart from the effect of tin, optimum hot-working temperatures and V-notch Charpy impact transition temperatures for these grades were determined. HIGH tin residuals in some heats of stainless steel have been blamed for the poor hot workability, particularly during secondary mill rolling. However, very little quantitative information has been available. Previous work1"6 with carbon steels indicates that tin increases tensile strength and hardness but de- creases tensile and impact ductility. Halley,7 in reviewing the sources and effects of residual elements in carbon and alloy steels, concluded that much of the surface checking (hot shortness) encountered in rolling was caused by copper, and that tin, arsenic, and antimony combined with copper to form low-melting constituents which further increase the steel's sensitivity to hot shortness. These elements had little effect in the absence of copper. A more recent paper by Langenberg and Johnson8 concluded that tin reduces hot workability but that researchers disagree concerning the amounts which will cause trouble. They state that laboratory investigations with small ingots seem to indicate a higher tolerable level of tin than do statistical studies of mill data, and also that statistical analysis of mill data indicate that small amounts of residual tin are detrimental to the surface quality of stainless sheet. The accumulative increase in the general level of tin and other tramp elements in steelmaking materials will present greater problems to steelmakers in the future. The purpose of the present study was to obtain quantitative information on the specific effects of tin on the hot workability and mechanical properties of such common stainless steels as Types 302, 410, and 430.

Jan 1, 1962

By S. Singh, R. C. Deshpande

RECENTLY metallographic studies of copper slugs recovered after firing shaped charges in deep containers of water were reported.' The present note describes the metallographic examination of a steel

Jan 1, 1960

By George M. Fowler, Joseph P. Lyden

PaGE Scope of this Report.................................................... 206 Production of Tri-State District.......................................... 207 Historical Sketch....................................................... 207 Location and Topography............................................... 211 Geology............................................................... 212 The Tri-State District.............................................. 214 Stratigraphy........................................................... 217 General Geological Section in Tri-State Region....................... 217 Stratigraphic Section of Mineralized part of Boone Formation........... 218 Stratigraphic Section Bird Dog Well.................................. 219 Metamorphism........................................................ 220 Structure............................................................. 225 Regional.......................................................... 225 Due to Metamorphism.............................................. 229 Ore Deposits.......................................................... 231 Types............................................................ 232 Hard-ground Deposits.......................................... 232 Brecciated................................................. 232 Stratified............................................ 232 Sheet Ground............................................. 232 In Dolomite............................................... 233 In Shale.................................................. 233 Soft-ground Deposits.......................................... 233 In the District as a Whole....................................... 233 Ore Minerah and Analysis......................................... 233 Paragenesis....................................................... 234 Conclusions........................................................... 236 Structure.......................................................... 236 Genesis of the Ore.................................................. 237 Future of the District............................................... 239 Acknowledgments..................................................... 239 Discussion............................................................ 239 Scope of This Report The Tri-State district. as outlined in this paper. refers to the entire mineralized area in sout'hwestern Missouri. southeastern Kansas and

Jan 1, 1932

Capable of processing 3500 tpd of uranium ore, the United Nuclear-Homestake Partners' mill in Grants, N. M., differs considerably from the nearby mills of Anaconda and Kerr-McGee in at least two major aspects: it leaches uranium ore with an alkaline solution of Na2C03 and NaHC03 instead of sulfuric acid; and it recovers yellowcake directly by precipitation from the pregnant alkaline leach solution, without any need of ion exchange or solvent extraction circuits. A first look at the flowsheet shows that this mill has two separate grinding and leaching circuits. Reason for the double circuitry: the mill treats, on a toll basis, uranium ores for Anaconda as well as for the partnership, and it must also treat ores coming from mines separately owned by Homestake Mining Corp. and from mines owned by United Nuclear Corp.

Jan 8, 1974

By R. V. Wheeler

A MATTER of much concern at present to the coal-mining industry of-Great Britain is the effect of the working of the Coal Mines Act, 1930. This Act, which received the Royal Assent on Aug. 1, 1930, contains five parts: (I) production, supply and sale of coal; (II) the reorganization of the coal-mining industry; (III) hours of work; (IV) the Coal Mines National Industrial Board; (V) general. The first three parts are of major interest and discussion can be confined to them.

Jan 1, 1931

By AIME AIME

FIFTY years ago William Bertolette Plank was born in Pennsylvania, in which state he was also educated, winding up with an E.M. from Penn State in 1909, at the age of 23. ' He remained there as instructor for a year, and then went with the Philadelphia & Reading Coal & Iron Co. as mining engineer for three years. During the next four years he was on the staff of the Pittsburgh Coal Co. In 1916 he turned to Government work, going to Pittsburgh as junior mining engineer for the U. S. Bureau of Mines. He became successively assistant mining engineer there, mining engineer at the Bureau's Urbana, Ill., station, and finally Mr. Plank was appointed district mining engineer for the Bureau at Birmingham, Alabama.

Jan 1, 1937

H. N. EAVENSON, Gary, W. Va.-Judging from our own experience, the statement that only 40 per cent. of the accidents are caused by the human element is very low. We have adopted all the measures that Mr. Wilson recommended, such as systematic timbering, use of permissible expolsives and practically everything that anybody has suggested or can think of, and even after all that has been done, done for several years, and a systematic campaign maintained all the time to reduce accidents, we still

Jan 4, 1918

CHARLES E. WILSON'S second quarterly report "Meeting Defense Goals" was encouraging on the outlook for the mining industry, as prolonged demand for minerals seems assured; but for the individual engineer things are not so rosy. Ten percent of the gross national product is going for defense but the gross national product has been increased by 9 pct since the national emergency was declared apparently a commendable rate of progress. The increased production does not seem to have had the stabilizing effect on prices it should and housewives have been revising domestic budgets upward on a quarterly basis. Government economists have reached the conclusion that more taxes and wage and salary freezing are necessary to counteract inflation.

Jan 8, 1951