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By R. M. Treco

THE purpose of this work has been to investigate recrystallization characteristics of zirconium after cold working and annealing. In order to do this, hafnium-contain ing crystal bars of Foote Mineral Co. iodide zirconium were selected for high purity. maximum diameter (about ½ in.), brightness of surface, and absence of core wire. A typical lot analysis is shown in Table I. In order to obtain uniformity of starting material, all bars were cold-swaged to 0.310 in. diam, annealed for 2 hr at 1000°C, and furnace cooled.

Jan 1, 1957

By Joseph M. Dawson

Although eight new fields were discovered along the south central fault-line district of Texas during 1938, only one can be considered as of major importance. and as a whole the year was one of no very great development. Several prospects, particularly two, were condemned through drilling, which had been considered important for probable Edwards limestone production. The oil produced was approximately the same as during 1937; namely, about 9 million harrels. This, of course, does not represent potential production but that allowed under proration. The year witnessed the very rapid decline of operations and interest in Austin chalk production. It has been found that only in rare instances mill chalk production pay for itself, because the wells decline extremely rapidly and the recovery per acre, formerly estimated at 2500 bbl., is now considered to he around 1000 barrels. There was an intent interest in the drilling arid producing of edge and abandoned properties in the three Edwards lime producing fields; namely, Luling, Salt Flat and Darst Creek. Many good wells were completed on properties formerly considered below the water level or produced beyond the economic limit The Edwards is penetrated only a few inches and a very small charge of acid is used. The results have been surprisingly

Jan 1, 1939

By Joseph M. Dawson

Although eight new fields were discovered along the south central fault-line district of Texas during 1938, only one can be considered as of major importance. and as a whole the year was one of no very great development. Several prospects, particularly two, were condemned through drilling, which had been considered important for probable Edwards limestone production. The oil produced was approximately the same as during 1937; namely, about 9 million harrels. This, of course, does not represent potential production but that allowed under proration. The year witnessed the very rapid decline of operations and interest in Austin chalk production. It has been found that only in rare instances mill chalk production pay for itself, because the wells decline extremely rapidly and the recovery per acre, formerly estimated at 2500 bbl., is now considered to he around 1000 barrels. There was an intent interest in the drilling arid producing of edge and abandoned properties in the three Edwards lime producing fields; namely, Luling, Salt Flat and Darst Creek. Many good wells were completed on properties formerly considered below the water level or produced beyond the economic limit The Edwards is penetrated only a few inches and a very small charge of acid is used. The results have been surprisingly

Jan 1, 1939

The surface area that mining requires is a minuscule fraction of the total land mass of the United States, according to the US Bureau of Mines' latest report "Land Utilization and Reclamation in the Mining Industry, 1930-71." During the 42-year period from 1930 to 1971, the mining industry utilized 3.65 million acres-only 0.16% of a total 2.27 billion acres of land-and reclaimed 1.46 mil- lion acres, or 40% of what it used. Which leaves, as still unreclaimed, 0.096% of the nation's total land mass.

Jan 10, 1974

By John Marshall

THE purpose of this paper is to present to the profession data and experience obtained over a period of 5 years in the operation of 87 shaker-conveyor units, and the production of 2,169,638 tons of run-of-mine anthracite coal. The data are not generally available and should be of interest to those concerned with the operation of anthracite and bitu-minous mines. To simplify comparison, a ton of 2000 lb. of raw run-of-mine coal has been used as the production unit throughout this paper.

Jan 1, 1940

WALLACE E. PRATT, Wichita Falls, Tex. (written discussion *).-The age of the oil in the southern Oklahoma fields, Mr. Powers concludes, is Pennsylvanian, or in part, possibly, pre-Pennsylvanian. In a later paper,1 he recognizes the Ordovician age of the small production from the Bullhead A. Daney, No. 14, in the Healdton field. But nowhere does Mr. Powers admit the possibility of oil of Permian age in southern Oklahoma. Yet shallow oil in the adjacent north Texas fields. (Electra, Burkburnett, and Petrolia), which are generally conceded to be closely related to the fields of southern Oklahoma in geological aspect, may very well be of Permian age. Dr. Udden has already discussed this question,2 noting the organic nature of the limestone, outcropping near Electra, together with other evidence that organic material was present if not abundant, originally, in Permian rocks: The Permian rocks in north

Jan 3, 1918

By V. S. Swaminathan

This year, Great Britain is looking back over a century to August 14, 1850, the day when the first "Act for the Inspection of Coal Mines" was passed in that country, an act which signaled the end of over two hundred years of hitherto uncontrolled and dangerous mining practices.

Jan 11, 1950

New York Meets first Wednesday after first Tuesday of each month. DAVID H.-BROWNE, Chairman, JOHN H. JANEWAY, Vice-Chairman. F. E. PIERCE, Secretary, 35 Nassau St., New York, N. Y. P. A. MOSMAN, Treasurer. LEWIS W. FRANCIS. Boston Meets first Monday of each winter month. HENRY L. SMYTH, Chairman. . ALFRED C. LANE, Vice-Chairman. HENRY A. WENTWORTH, Secretary-Treasurer, 60 India St., Boston, Mass. ROBERT H. RICHARDS, ALBERT SAUVEUR. Columbia Holds four sessions during year. Annual meeting in September or October. FRANK A. ROSS, Chairman. RUSH J. WHITE, Vice-Chairman. LYNDON K. ARMSTRONG, Secretary-Treasurer, P O. Drawer 2154, Spokane, Wash. FREDERIC KEFFER, FRANCIS A. THOMSON.

Jan 11, 1915

By C. E. Shoenfelt

The outstanding development in the Rocky Mountain region for 1937 was the discovery of oil on the Wilson Creek dome in Rio Blanco County, Colorado, in the Morrison formation of Jurassic age. This discovery opens up a vast territory to exploitation and definitely establishes the western slope of Colorado as one of the region's more important oil areas. In former years, a large number of structures on the western slope were tested dry in Upper Cretaceous rocks but are now believed to hold possibilities in older formations, and a number of such structures are in line for drilling in 1938.

Jan 1, 1938

By Alfred H. Bell, Paul F. Simpson

The year 1929 was one of continued activity in the petroleum industry of Indiana and Illinois but the new production obtained has not been sufficient to offset the decline in the production of the old wells. (Table 1). Drilling costs have not changed materially during the year and the prices of crude oil have increased slightly so that the prospects for further testing are good. The total number of completions in Illinois in 1929 (Table 2) was greater than for any year since 1917. More than half of these were in the Dupo field, St. Clair County, and the development of this field was largely responsible for the increased ratio of producers to dry holes in the state as a whole. In the southeastern Illinois field which has produced about 97 per cent. of the state's petroleum the number of completions was greater than in 1928 and the percentage of producers was a little higher. Although a number of scattered wildcat tests were drilled most of them were not located on favorable structure and the only noteworthy discovery was that of a shale-gas horizon at shallow depth in Morgan County in western Illinois where gas has been produced for a number of years from sandstone and limestone. In Indiana the number of completions (Table 2) was only slightly less than in 1928. Most of the new wells were drilled in the southwestern part of the state, which now produces more than 90 per cent. of Indiana's petroleum.

Jan 1, 1930

By H. K. Shearer

Drilling for oil and gas in Arkansas in 1934 showed more activity than in any year since 1929; with a total of 96 completions, including 36 oil wells, 1 gas well and 59 dry holes. Of the producers, the lone gas well and 35 oil wells were in old fields, and one wildcat producer opened a new pool. Of the dry holes, 16 were in or near fields and 43 were wildcats. The total reported initial daily production of the oil wells was 9013 bbl., averaging 252 bbl. per well. Active drilling operations numbered 65 at the close of the year, compared with 26 at the beginning.

Jan 1, 1935

By H. K. Shearer

Oil production in South Arkansas in 1936, estimated to have totaled 10,654,940 bbl., showed a decline of 484,400 bbl., or a little more than 4 per cent from 1935. There are no proration restrictions, as practically all wells reached the pumping stage years ago. Although a new shallow field was discovered in Nevada County, and a deep producing horizon

Jan 1, 1937

Frank H. Probert, A.R.S.M., Morenci, Arizona (communication to the Secretary): The management of mines and the system of bookkeeping employed are subjects of great interest to mine-superintendents, and such papers as that of Mr. Davis callnot fail to attract attention. The Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, London, England, has done much within the last three years to promote discussion on the many systems adopted throughout the mining world; and any papers giving individual experience will benefit that class of men who are charged with the cconomical management of mining properties. It is often said that " a good mine shows a good manager," and more often that mismanagement is the chief cause of poor returns; or, as Mr. A. G. Charleton puts it, in his able paper on " Mining Accounts and Cost-Sheets,"* " accident may, and often

Jan 1, 1902

By Chase Palmer, Edson S. Bastin

While the reducing action of organic matter, of ferrous sulphate, and of hydrogen sulphide has frequently been invoked to account for the deposition of native gold and silver from ore-forming solutions, the high efficiency in this respect of certain of the metallic minerals which form the ore itself has not been suffciently recognized. If a little finely powdered chalcocite is placed in a test-tube arid 2 or 3 cc. of a dilute solution of gold chloride are poured over it, two or three shakes of the tube suffice to remove all the gold from the solution. The color of the solution changes from yellow to pale green, showing that copper is dissolved simultaneously with the precipitation of metallic gold. If a piece of chalcocite is hung in a dilute aqueous solution of silver sulphate (1/40 normal), a coating of silver begins immediately to form on the mineral, and within a few moments a beautiful silver tree has developed, similar to that formed when metallic zinc is immersed in a similar solution. When similar experiments are conducted with other sulphides and with certain arsenides and sulph-arsenides, especially those known to be commonly associated with native silver in ore deposits, it is found that these minerals differ greatly in their efficiency as precipitants, especially in their effect on silver solutions. The tests made with most of the minerals were qualitatipe only, but the reactions of a silver sulphate solution on chalcocite and niccolite were submitted to quantitative study to determine the nature of the reactions involved. Quantitative studies of the reactions with other minerals are now in progress

Jan 1, 1914

By AIME AIME

Jan 1, 1936

New York Meets first Wednesday after first Tuesday of each month. DAVID H. BROWNE, Chairman. PERCY E. BARBOUR, Vice-Chairman A. D. BEERS, Secretary, 55 Wall St., New York, N. Y. C. A. BOHN, Treasurer. JOHN V. N. DORR, LEWIS W. FRANCIS. Boston Meets first Monday of each winter month. W. E. C. EUSTIS, Chairman. R. L. AGASSIZ, Vice-Chairman. E. E. BUGBEE, Secretary-Treasurer, Mass. Inst. of Technology, Boston, Mass. ALBERT SAUVEUR, H. L. SMYTH. Columbia Holds four sessions during year. Annual meeting in September or October. W. H. LINNEY, Chairman. OSCAR LACHMUND, Vice-Chairman. LYNDON K. ARMSTRONG, Secretary-Treasurer, P. O. Drawer 2154, Spokane, Wash. STANLY A. EASTON, S. SHEDD.

Jan 3, 1917

New York Meets first Wednesday after first Tuesday of each month. J. E. JOHNSON, JR., Chairman EDGAR RICKARD, Vice-Chairman D. M LIDDELL, Secretary, 7 Wall St., New. York, N. Y C. A. BOHN, Treasurer JOHN V. N. DORR _ LEWIS W FRANCIS Boston Meets first Monday of each winter month. R. L. AGASSIZ, Chairman - JAMES G. CARLETON, Vice-Chairman E. E. BUGBEE Secretary-Treasurer, Mass. Inst. of Technology, Cambridge, Mass. W. E. C. EUSTIS G. A. PACKARD Columbia Holds four sessions during year. Annual meeting in September or October. S. S. FOWLER, Chairman J. C. HAAS, Vice-Chairman LYNDON K. ARMSTRONG, Secretary-Treasurer. P. O. Drawer 2154, Spokane, Wash. W. H. LINNEY

Jan 2, 1918

By R. W. Raymond

The western public domain acquired by the United States through trcaties, as the result of conquest or purchase, was invaded after Marshall's re-discovery of gold in California, by an overwhelming multitude of prospectors and miners from all parts of the world. he mineral lands of the whole Pacific slope were practically unsurveyed. Congress, disgusted with the experiment of leasing mineral lands, which it had tried for 40 years, and abandoned in 1847, enacted no laws for the management of these public mineral lands, and the pioneers made their own laws governing mining titles. These local regulations applied at first to gulch-mining in the auriferous river-beds only; and they constituted a simple and practical system. adapted to the needs and means of primitive communities—significantly called " camps." They had the means of measuring distances, but not angles; they knew no property except personal property in the form of pickaxes, pans, supplies, camp-equipage, horses or mules, and mining rights. The earliest codes which they developed expressed what might be called the law of the lariat. With the lariat they measured the distance assigned to each miner along the gold-bearing gulch—a double portion to the discoverer, and a single portion to his successors, in the order of their coming. With the lariat, they hung, after such due process of law as was available, the rascal who stole a horse, or a bag of gold-dust, or a mining claim, or killed another man without giving him fair notice and a chance to defend himself. In these pioneer codes, adopted in mass-meetings and enforced by the same authority, two features concern us most: 1. They measured mining property by one dimension only. So many feet of the gulch, held by one man, meant a distance into either bank, and a distance in depth, extending as far as gold might be found.

Jan 1, 1915

By Y. L. Yao

It is suggested that the binary alloy systems of transition metals may be classified into groups according to "excess energy"E. For systems with positive ?E, the Laves phase, the TiNi3-, the TiCu3- and the Cudu-type rich in the smaller atom and the TizNi-type rich in the larger atom may exist. For systems with negative ?E and composed of two components of different crystal structures, the X, the Cr3O and the phase may exist on the side of the phase digrattz rich in the component with the higher "solubility factor" value am! the Cudu-type and the disordered hcp phase on the other side; if the crystal structure of two components is the same, the Cudu-type may exist on both sides. For systems with weakly positive ?E and cotnposed of different crystal structures, the u phase and the MgCd3-type may replace the Laves phase and the other types; the X, the Cr3O and the a phase may also exist. Finally, the equirnolar compounds of the CuAu- and the CsC1-type may exist irrespective of the sign of ?E. THERE are many factors which play a major role in the formation of binary intermediate phases in alloys, such as the crystal structure, the electronic structure, the atomic size and the electrochemical factor. To find the simultaneous effects of all these factors on the formation of intermediate phases of every metal would be a difficult task, especially because only a small fraction of experimental facts necessary for the complete formulation is known at present. Thus the past surveys of intermediate phases have been usually confined to few metals, several types of intermediate phases and some but not all controlling factors. In a previous paper1 the idea of "solubility factor" of metals was introduced. Although the suggested values are tentative and empirical, the formation of a continuous series of solid solutions in metals could be correlated with the interplay among the atomic size factor, the solubility factor and the crystal structure factor. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate qualitatively the interplay of these factors in the formation of binary intermediate phases among transition metals. FACTORS CONSIDERED The Crystal Structure Factor. With rare earths excluded, the transition metals are classified into three common crystal structures listed in Table I. There is arbitrariness in the present classification of several allotropic elements. However, out of seventy-odd continuous solid solutions formed among transition metals, only six of them, namely, those

Jan 1, 1962

By T. W. Healy, P. Somasundaran, K. Ananthpadmanabhan

Hydrolyzable surfactants such as fatty acids and amines undergo, in addition to micellisation and precipitation, various associative interactions in aqueous solutions to form ionomolecular complexes such as acid-soap, dimers, etc., depending upon the solution conditions such as pH. The interaction of these collector species with the mineral surface and with other dissolved species in solution will play a significant role in determining the interfacial processes such as adsorption and flotation. Marked differences in the hydrophobicity imparted to the mineral surface depending upon the solution conditions such as pH can be attributed to possible differences in surface activities of the foregoing complexes. This aspect of solution chemistry of flotation system is discussed here for two widely used collectors, namely, oleic acid and dodecylamine. Equilibrium species distribution diagrams, based on the available literature data and on estimates of energy of interactions between molecules, have been obtained for oleic acid and dodecylamine solutions.

Jan 1, 1980