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SEC 1 The membership of the Institute shall comprise seven classes, namely 1 Members, 2 Honorary Members, 3 Senior Members, 4 Associates, 5 Junior Members, 6 Rocky Mountain Members, 7 Junior Foreign Affiliates All shall be equally entitled to the privileges of membership, excepting that no member of any class whose residence shall be outside of the United States of America, except those residing in Mexico and Canada, shall be entitled to vote SEC 2 Members A person to be eligible for election or transfer into the class of Member must be at least 27 years of age and must have had at least six years' employment in the practice of engineering, mining, geology, metallurgy, or chemistry, during at least three years of which he must have held positions of responsibility in one or more of these fields This shall not apply to Rocky Mountain Members SEC 3 Honorary Members Each candidate for Honorary Membership must be recommended by the Committee on Honorary Memberships and must be elected by ballot at a meeting of the Board of Directors by the unanimous vote of the Directors present, provided, however, that the number of Honorary Members shall at no time exceed twenty Such election shall automatically act as a transfer of such member from any other class of membership to which he may belong SEC 4 Senior Members The Directors may, at the special request of any Member or Associate who has reached the age of seventy years and who has paid

Jan 1, 1952

PURPOSE OF UPDATED ESTIMATE FOR MINERAL INVENTORY BLOCKS During the production stage of an open pit porphyry copper mine it was observed that the expected production grade, as determined from the block inventory estimates, often differed greatly from the head grade of ore delivered to the mill. It was determined that, for purposes of production scheduling and monthly forecasting, better in situ grade estimates for mining blocks were necessary. Because all of the bench blastholes were being sampled, and periodic holes were being drilled into the next underlying bench, much more sample data existed than was being used for estimating the grade of nearby mining blocks. It was reasoned that, by periodically updating the mineral inventory block file over the benches scheduled for mining in the next time period using all existing data, better estimates and forecasts for production grade could be made. BLASTHOLE SAMPLE DATA MANAGEMENT The collars of all blastholes in each mined bench were surveyed and assays run on the cuttings representing the full 12-m (40-ft) bench height. The blastholes range from about 5 to 6 m (16 to 19 ft) apart along the front of the bench as well as perpendicular to the front. Overbreakage often left larger spacings between successive blasts. Fig. 17-1 is a plan map of blastholes on a typical mine bench. All blasthole data were keypunched to a format resembling that of the 12-m (40-ft) composite assay data file as follows: [Collar Coordinates Compite Assoy Hole ID Northing East Elewotion Total Copper Oxide Copper] Because of the many blasthole samples available, and in order not to use excessive computer time for running kriged estimates for 30.5 X 30.5 X 12-m (100 X 100 X 40 ft) blocks adjacent to and beneath the mined area, the decision was made to average all the blastholes falling with each 15.2 X 15.2-m (50 X 50-ft) mined block, and use the mean value of the samples as a regionalized variable for purposes of assigning kriged estimates and estimation variance to adjacent unmined blocks. In other words, instead of using individual blasthole samples for making kriged estimates, the holes were grouped by blocks and assay values were averaged and assigned to the centroid of the holes within the block, which was then treated as a single regional variable for purposes of kriging. See Fig. 17-2. VARIOGRAM COMPUTATIONS AND KRlGlNG RESULTS With the many blasthole samples it was possible to compute directional and vertical experimental variograms for both sulfide and nonsulfide copper assays falling within the enriched mineral zone for the full 12-m (40-ft) sample support. Due to the close spaced drilling, excellent definition of the experimental variograms was possible, and the spherical model exhibited good fits. A three-dimensional kriging program was then run over the two or three mine benches involved in the inventory update, and estimated grades reassigned to all mining blocks falling within the range of the new blasthole assay data according to the anisotropisms of the deposit. Better confidence limits could then be assigned to scheduled mining blocks and better short- range forecasts made. An interactive kriging computer program was also applied for the purpose of determining the kriging variance or estimation of error for larger, irregular mining blocks representing the monthly production from a particular bench. The interactive program permitted the operator to enter the limits of the irregular block onto the screen of a cathode ray tube (CRT) as a series of points around the perimeter of individual gridded blocks making up the larger irregular block. The computer then was programmed to calculate the kriging variance of the larger block using all samples fall- ing within range. Thus the limits of estimated grade could be established at any confidence level. Fig. 17-3 illustrates the output from the interactive kriging program showing the sample points entering into the grade and kriging variance computations, and also the kriging coefficient assigned by the computer to each sample.

Jan 1, 1980

By Ahmad Saberian

Five salt samples 20 to 40 cm tall, sealed on all sides except one, were exposed to a series of dissolution tests in various brine solutions and at different temperatures. Solvents were in the 50 to 96% saturation range and the temperatures varied between 40°F and 150°F. The collected dissolution data sets for vertical salt surfaces were analyzed and three were selected to be used for developing a general relation. After various curve fitting efforts, an empirical relation for salt dissolution rate as a function of brine temperature and salinity was developed.

Jan 1, 1985

By Terry G. Richard, Vernal H. Kenner, Sunder H. Advani

This paper presents and discusses the results of thirty-one fracture toughness tests on Pennsylvanian Age Clay Shale. Two different orientations for this anisotropic material were studied and two series of tests were conducted, namely, 1. a test series to determine the effect of moisture content on fracture toughness, and 2. a test series to study mixed mode fracture. Increased absorbed moisture is found to reduce fracture toughness. Several analyses of mixed mode failure are found to give varying non-conservative predictions of failure stress intensity level.

Jan 1, 1982

The following is an incomplete list of members and guests who called at Institute headquarters during the period Feb. 10, 1918 to Mar. 10, 1918: W. G. Anderson, St. John, N. B., Canada. Charles E. Locke, Boston, Mass. L. M. Banks, Camp Meade, Md. E. T. Lednum, Joplin, Mo. P. E. Barbour, Albany, N. Y. C.' K. McDonald, Washington, D. C. Alan M. Bateman, New Haven, Conn. C. T. Malcolmson, Chicago, Ill. Graham Bright, Pittsburgh, Pa. Stuart B. Marshall, Badin, N. C. J. F. Callbreath, Washington, D. C. T. C. Merriman, New Haven, Conn. J. E. S. Clark, Riverside. Cal. Arvid E. Nissen, Gary, Ind. G. H. Clevenger, Palo Alto, Cal. Herbert G. Officer, Conway, S. C. George C. Crossley, Trenton, N. J. J. E. Parker, Bulawayo, Rhodesia, S. Afr. R. H. Eagles, Palmerton, Pa. Francis R. Pyne, Elizabeth, N, J. Charles Enzian, Pottsville, Pa. Alfred Hull Ramage, Joplin, Mo. Albert H. Fay, Washington, D. C. H. H. Stoek, Urbana, Ill. David B. Gemmill, Crown King, Ariz. G. M. Taylor, Colorado Springs; Colo. Ronald Harris, London, Ont., Canada. Charles Tubby, St. Paul, Minn. Wm. J. Hayes, Colombia. So. America. J. B. Tyrrell, Toronto, Canada. B. B. Hood, Chrome, N. J. Edmund W. Westervelt, Ymir, B. C. 0. P. Hood, Pittsburgh, Pa. Carl Zapffe, Brainerd, Minn. H. M. LaFollette, LaFollette, Tenn. W. S. Boyd, formerly superintendent of mines of the Ray Consolidated Copper Co., has been appointed assistant general manager. William Campbell, Professor of Metallurgy, at Columbia University, is acting as metallurgist at the New York Navy Yard.

Jan 4, 1918

By W. L. Freyberger, H. Alter, K. L. Woodruff, E. L. Michaels

Laboratory and pilot scale tests have been made to determine the utility of heavymedia separation, particularly a cone-type separator, as a means of recovering aluminum and other values from shredded municipal solid waste. The effect of the method of shredding on the behavior of aluminum in a heavy-media system was determined. Two-stage pilot-scale heavy-media separations were made with size fractions of shredded refuse. Recoveries of aluminum, as well as other components of the refuse, were measured and medium losses determined. The experimental results indicate that with certain reservations a heavy-media cone system can be utilized for aluminum separation and recovery from shredded and air-classified municipal solid waste. Observations made using two-stage heavy-media separation in a drum unit are included. Qualitatively, the results from the two types of separators are similar.

Jan 1, 1976

By Raymond E. Riethmann, Beuford M. Bunnell

The spiral classifier was originally developed for closed circuit grinding It has since been applied very successfully to other classification duties where a two-product size split is required. Inherent operational qualities of this classifier make it ideally suited for sizing, washing, or dewatering materials such as ores, phosphate rock, sands, coal, oyster shells, solar and potash salts. Operating characteristics, flexible design and guidelines for proper application are presented.

Jan 1, 1978

Reserves of Lake Superior Manganiferous Iron Ores Appendix-to paper by CARL ZAPFFE, presented at the Cleveland Meeting and issued, as Pamphlet No. 1664-C, with MINING AND METALLURGY, May, 1927. The author has made several test calculations on the basis of manganese units that are and may be involved. These are summarized here, as follows: On the basis of ore produced since 1902, the average annual requirement of manganese units would be 91,000 tons; on the basis of the production of the past 4 or 5 years, the requirement would be 145,000 tons; on the basis of the year 1925 only, the requirement would be 155,000 tons. Applying the percentage of increase for the next 20 years, as determined by the plat shown as Fig. 3, the total requirement for 20 years would be 3,254,000 to 3,572,000 tons, if one used either 145,000 tons or 155,000 tons as a starting point. We have the following interesting facts: (1) The Michigan ores contain only about one-half the manganese that the Cuyuna ore does; (2) the Cuyuna district now produces one-half the ore required; (3) the known tonnage of Cuyuna reserves is greater than the speculative reserve offered for Michigan; (4) at the present rate of production considered by tons, Michigan ores ought to be exhausted in 20 years or less while Cuyuna ores would last up to 44 years. We should now reduce the estimated reserves to a basis of manganese, units. Using the tonnages listed in Combinations 2, 3, 4 and 5, the reserves total 3,118,225 tons, 3,781,995 tons, 5,041,995 tons and 5,560,342 tons, respectively. Therefore, needing at the most 3,572,000 tons, as shown above, either Combination 3, 4 or 5 will not only suffice but will leave an excess-enough for 1 or 2 years for Combination 3, 9 or 10 years for Combination 4, and 12' to 13 years for Combination 5. This means that for Combination 5, without using tonnages obtained from beneficiating or from mixing poor ores, the reserves are ample for about 33 years.

Jan 5, 1927

By L. G. Marshall

WHILE surveying in a small Western mine, the following problem was encountered: Two traverses had to be connected by running a traverse line down the main hoisting shaft, which was the only connection between the two levels. The shaft was inclined at about 80 deg. from the horizontal and measured 8 by 10 ft. The distance between levels was about 110 ft., measured on one side of the shaft. The surveying equipment consisted of a transit, tripod, level rod, 100-ft. chain, and plumb bobs. There were no side or top the- scope attachments with which to take large, vertical angles. Therefore, we were confronted with the problem of taking readings between two points, one of which could not be seen through the instrument when set up under the other point, owing to the obstruction of the horizontal plate, and of measuring the distance between these points with a chain that was too short. The method of a line of plumb bobs down the shaft was impractical because a setup would be needed part way down the shaft, which would call a halt to all hoisting operations for some time. After considerable experimentation the following method was used.

Jan 1, 1936

[59H1-Water Law and Its Significance to the Mining Industry by Wells A Hutchins 59H2-Relation of Land Subsidence to Groundwater Withdrawals in the Upper Gulf Coast Region, Texas by Leonard A Wood and A G Winslow 59F3-Hydraulic Mining of Gilsonite and Its Application to Coal Mining by J H Baker 59H4-Recovery of Phosphates by In Situ Fluid Mining by Sylvain J Pirson 59F5-Coal Cleaning Plant Design for Minimum Operating Labor by Wm M Bertholf and John D Price 59F6-Coke Combustibility A Neglected Characteristic by J D Price 59B7-Union Carbide's Uranium Operation at Maybell, Colorado by K W Lentz and F T Temple 59H8-A Rapid Method for Estimating Alumina in Feldspathic Sands by Hugh H Bein 59H9-Water Laws as Related to Dredging in Idaho by Robert A Lothrop, Richard B Porter, and Robert P Porter 58B19-Separation and Washing of Alumina Process Residue by Morton Handelman 59B11-Feed Preparation and Froth Modification for Fatty Acid Flotation by Carl C Martin and Burt C Mariacher 59B12-Design Requirements for Tailing Disposal in the Southwest by E Vern Given 59B13-Semi-Dome Shaped Buildings for Bulk Storage by Edward E Ives and William L Payne]

Jan 1, 1961

By Leon Borgman, Michael P. Lipkewich

Orebodies at or near the surface are generally amenable to open pit mining. The development of a mining program involves designing an ultimate pit and a production schedule. This pit maximizes total profit while the production schedule maximize6 the present value of the property. Optimum pit limits can be approximated by two-and three-dimensional numerical techniques. These techniques presuppose that the mineralized area has been sufficiently sampled to allow a reasonably accurate prediction of grade at any spatial location.

Jan 1, 1969

Capable of processing 3500 tpd of uranium ore, the United Nuclear-Homestake Partners' mill in Grants, N. M., differs considerably from the nearby mills of Anaconda and Kerr-McGee in at least two major aspects: it leaches uranium ore with an alkaline solution of Na2C03 and NaHC03 instead of sulfuric acid; and it recovers yellowcake directly by precipitation from the pregnant alkaline leach solution, without any need of ion exchange or solvent extraction circuits. A first look at the flowsheet shows that this mill has two separate grinding and leaching circuits. Reason for the double circuitry: the mill treats, on a toll basis, uranium ores for Anaconda as well as for the partnership, and it must also treat ores coming from mines separately owned by Homestake Mining Corp. and from mines owned by United Nuclear Corp.

Jan 8, 1974

By R. V. Norris

In a former paper on this subject,' I summarized Murgue's theory and experiments, and presented a large number of tests of mine-fans, stating some conclusions, " more or less warranted by the evidence," as to design, capacity and efficiency. Since that time the very valuable report of Mr. M. Walton Brown: Committee on Mechanical Ventikators, Institution of Mining Engineers, has appeared, and I have made additional experiments which tend to clear up some points in connection with this subject. Design and Tests of the Luke-Fidlbr Colliery Fan. The Luke-Fidler fan (see Figs. 1, 2 and 3), built to replace an old wooden fan at a very fiery colliery, presents some pecu-

Jan 1, 1905

By Jack White

This paper gives details of the results - of careful testing carried out on two types of ball mills, conical trunnion overflow and cylindrical grate discharge, on identical ore. The object of the test work was to determine which ball mill was the most economical to install for future extensions to the Mufulira concentrator.

Jan 1, 1950

CHARLES E. WILSON'S second quarterly report "Meeting Defense Goals" was encouraging on the outlook for the mining industry, as prolonged demand for minerals seems assured; but for the individual engineer things are not so rosy. Ten percent of the gross national product is going for defense but the gross national product has been increased by 9 pct since the national emergency was declared apparently a commendable rate of progress. The increased production does not seem to have had the stabilizing effect on prices it should and housewives have been revising domestic budgets upward on a quarterly basis. Government economists have reached the conclusion that more taxes and wage and salary freezing are necessary to counteract inflation.

Jan 8, 1951

CHARLES KIRCHHOFF, Chairman. ALBERT SAUVEUR, Vice-Chair-man. A. A. STEVENSON, Vice-Chair-man. HERBERT M. BOYLSTON, Secretary, Abbot Bldg., Cambridge, Mass. John Birkinbine, J. Esrey Johnson, Jr., Felix A. Vogel, William H. Blauvelt, William Kelly, Leonard Waldo, James Gayley, Richard Moldenke, William R. Walker, Henry D. Hibbard, Joseph W. Richards, William R. Webster. Henry M. Howe, E. Gybbon Spilsbury, Frederick \V. Wood. Robert W. Hunt, A. A. Stevenson is appointed an additional Vice-Chairman of the Committee. He will serve as Acting Chairman during the absence abroad of Professor Sauveur.

Jan 7, 1913

In introducing last year's Industrial Minerals Review, Stan Lefond accurately predicted that the 1974- 75 period would be quite difficult and frustrating. Although 1974 demand and prices for most industrial minerals were exceptionally strong, operating costs also rose rapidly-while shortages of supplies and equipment, symptomatic of an overheated economy, occurred from coast to coast. Thus, at the end of 1974 recessionary forces were accelerating-and the minerals industry will soon be facing falling demand as a consequence of sharp declines in auto production, housing, appliances, and other consumer goods. Moreover, when sales weaken, the high-volume, low-prices industrial minerals will incur sharply increased unit costs. To maintain adequate profit margins under these conditions will require cautious and perceptive management.

Jan 2, 1975

Jerome L. Boyer, Reading, Chairman; William L. Sheafer, Pottsville, Secretary ; Levi Quier, Reading, Treasurer; Robert Allison, Port Carbon; James Archbald, Jr., Pottsville; William Atkins, Pottsville; D. P. Brown, Lost Creek; William McH. Boyer, Rending; Albert Broden, Reading; George Brooke, Birdsboro; Frank Carter, Pottsville; H. P. Cooper, Pottsville ; J. H. Carpenter, Reading; E. S. Cook, Pottstown; B. Halberstadt, Pottsville; Hakon Hammer, Pottstown; J. Hartshorne, Stowe; M. P. Janney, Pottstown; R. C. Luther, Pottsville; N. Muhlenberg, Reading ; W. H. Morris. Pottstown ; George L. Norris, Reading; G. H. Potts, Pottstown ; H. Potts, Pottstown; S. M. Riley, Ashland ; J. S. Robeson, Pottstown ; Jas. P. Roe, Pottstown; A. W. Sheafer, Pottsville; Heber S. Thompson, Pottsville; Bard Wells, Pottsville; E. C.Wagner, Girardville; N. B. Wittman, Birdsboro. Reception Committee.— George Brooke, Chairman; Robert Allison, J. H. Carpenter, Edgar S. Cook, R. C. Luther, W. H. Morris, H. S. Thompson. Hotel Headquarters.—The Neversink Mountain Hotel, near Reading, Pa. All sessions were held in the hotel. The opening session was held on Tuesday evening, October 11. Mr. Jerome L. Boyer, Chairman of the Local Committee, called the meeting to order, and introduced Mr. John F. Daniel], Jr., VicePresident of the Reading Board of Trade, who delivered an address of welcome, in the course of which the industrial and commercial importance of the city was effectively outlined by skilful use of the statistics of leading branches. From this statement the following particulars are condensed for preservation: The Board of Trade has about 300 members. The annual value of the manofttctures (taking mainly the figures of 1891) is as follows: Iron manufactures, about $16,000,000 (including boilers and flues, $323,000; hardware, locks and butts, $1,650,000; pig-iron, wrought-iron pipe and machinery, $8,400,000; beams, bridge-work and steel, $4,000,000; bolts, nuts, rivets, etc., $1,000,000; stoves, $659,000); silk and cotton goods, $1,725,000; boots and shoes (one concern only), $150,000; ropes and cordage, $600,000; fire-brick, terra-cotta and glass, $320,000; wool and fur hats, $3,000,000; cigars (105 millions), upwards of $3,150,000. The street and elec-

Jan 1, 1893

By AIME AIME

THE annual meeting of the Auxiliary to the A. I. M. E. was marked by the most delightful cordiality and warm spirit of welcome on the part of the members of the New York Section and an equally charming spirit of cooperation and appreciation on the part of the visitors. On Monday Mrs. Ernest H. Wolfes and Mrs. Charles A. Bohn had charge of registration and most efficiently .provided everyone with the necessary tickets and badges. The reception hall and regisfration booth were gay with beautiful flowers that reflected the welcoming spirit one found there. The smooth efficiency with which the whole program ran was due largely to the tireless efforts of Mrs. Donald M. Liddell and Mrs. Louis D. Huntoon, joint chairmen of the Ladies' Committee, and Miss Margaret Callow, chairman of the Junior Committee. After registering, the ladies proceeded to- the fifth floor, where they had luncheon with the members of the A. I. M. E. On that day Mrs. W. H. Bassett and Mrs. Lucius W. Mayer were the hostesses.

Jan 1, 1929

By Finn Ouchterlony

A simple bilinear R-curve description of crack extension resistance is applied to the testing of sub-size rock core specimens. The K-curve consists of a linear sub-critical part and a flat post-critical part. Formulas for the apparent energy rate resistance quantities Gm, Jm, and [R] are developed. Experiments on notched cores of Ekeberg marble, Bohus granite, and Stripa granite are compared with these predictions. The R-curve model gives reasonable results for Gm -data but fails essentially to describe the Jm and [R]-data. Another model with a sharply increasing linear post-critical part could possibly account for the [R]-data, but direct R-curve measurements seem a better approach.

Jan 1, 1982