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The Professional Standards Act responds to the growing problem of professional liability by introducing a mechanism whereby professional associations can have schemes approved. Those schemes include a cap on liability; a requirement for compulsory insurance; the development of risk management strategies; and the establishment of a complaints and disciplinary system. The Act is also designed to support and develop the concept of self-regulation by the members of occupational associations who provide services to the community by providing them with those tools. It implicitly accepts that self-regulation is preferable to statutory regulation and that self-regulation serves the interest of the community and of the providers of services. The Act arose from a review of professional liability commenced in 1988. The Attorney General's Department produced an Issues Paper, released in September 1989, which outlined in detail the extent of the problem. This was widely circulated and an extensive number of comment were received.

Jan 1, 1995

By Szpindler G

The results of pot-furnace tests with 35 bituminous coals from 20 seams in New South Wales and Queensland were used to establish the relationship between coal properties, as determined by standard laboratory tests, and the combustion process. The rate of combustion is influenced chiefly by the expansion of the fuel bed, but this cannot be accurately predicted from the crucible swelling number of the coal.The effects of various other factors, such as calorific value and ash yield, were investigated and statistical analysis of the results shows that the coals could be classified satisfactorily according to two experimentally derived parameters, namely heat-release rate at an air flow rate of 260 lb/sq.ft/hr and air flow rate giving stoichiometric combustion. The grouping obtained is shown to be related to ash yield and swelling number.INTRODUCTIQNThe rate of heat release from the fuel bed of a travelling grate stoker and the efficiency with which the heat is used depend upon the design and method of operation of the furnace as well as upon the properties of the fuel. It is difficult to draw general conclusions concerning the influence of fuel properties from tests on a single stoker installation. In the pot-furnace test, on the other hand, a part of the same combustion process as occurs on a travelling grate is carried out in isolation, uninfluenced by furnace design variables, and consequently the effects of coal properties and of the method of pretreatment can readily be demonstrated.While the combustion pot provides a rapid method of assessing the combustion characteristics of a fuel during the ignition and burn-out stages under standard conditions, and of predicting changes in performance with changes in fuel or in air flow rate, it is unable to simulate certain features of furnace design and operation. Data from combustion pot...

Jan 1, 1962

By Waijun Cheng, Guilin Xie

A microcomputer control system prototype of a Switched Reluctance drive for storage battery electric vehicle in coal mines is developed. The paper introduces the hardware components, the control strategy and the software unit. It is shown that

Jan 1, 1998

This paper considers two particular empi- rical models for the processes of the generati- on of hydrochemical zoning and epithermal near- surface mineralization of mercury-antimony-arse- nic formation in the discharge area of the Uzon Caldera ore generating hydrothermal system in Kamchatka. Vertical and horizontal hydrochemical zo- ning is caused by mixture of infiltration waters of the surface formation with fluid of chloride- sodium composition which are supplied up the-zo- ne of deep fault. Ore formation is caused by simultaneous existence of two geochemical barriers, namely oxidizing and reductive. The first barrier is determined by the-level of ground waters. The second one forms under the clay-opal screen un- der the influence of two factors, namely the inflow of deep reduction sulphur compounds (which are transported together with arsenic, antimony and mercury) and the generation of hyd- rogen sulphide as a result of sulphur- and sul- phate reduction. X-ray-amorphous phase of orpi- ment composition and realgar phase are formed, respectively, on the oxidizing and reductive Barriers.

Jan 1, 1987

The accepting of the geologist as part of the mining industry team has only become a reality in the last fifty years in Australia. Commencing in the 1920's it received a check in its progress during World War II. Since then it has had its highs and lows to extremes not hitherto experienced. The recent mining boom and the succeeding slump have provided opportunity to examine more critically and positively the role of the geologist in the mining industry. The future is examined, not in crystal ball fashion, but in terms of selected specific aspects. Suggestions are offered concerning these aspects.

Jan 1, 1976

Coal exports are forecast to grow strongly, so that coal is likely to remain very important to Australia for the foreseeable future. However there is no sign that prices or profitability will rise of their own accord. Therefore the intense squeeze on costs will continue for the foreseeable future. This will mean lower manning, more outsourcing and probably an increasing rate of company attrition. As well, the political pressure from the greenhouse debate is only going to intensify and the pressure on the Federal Government after Kyoto is likely to be irresistible.

Jan 1, 1998

By Waters JC

Pseudoclastic hydrothermal alteration textures occur within quenched coherent dykes forming part of a subaqueous dome complex (-4 Ma) on Ponza Island, Italy. These textures are similar to those observed in considerably older (-500 Ma) subaqueous volcanic rocks at a number of localities throughout the Mount Read Volcanics in Tasmania and elsewhere in ancient volcanic sequences of this type in Australia. This is significant because the processes of formation, hydrothermal alteration and secondary mineralisation of ancient volcanic sequences may be better understood if we can make comparisons with modern analogues. Observations at Ponza imply that these pseudoclastic alteration features form synvolcanically or immediately after dyke emplacement and lava extrusion. This is compatible with scenarios presented for their formation in ancient sequences in the Mount Read Volcanics, Tasmania.

Jan 1, 1995

Total quality control in tandem with Japanese style management largely accounts for the high product quality and international competitiveness of growing manufactured exports from Japan. Japanese management is often identified with life-time employment, promotion by seniority, company-based unionism, the process of obtaining the sanction of executives to a plan by circulating the draft prepared by a person in charge of a particular matter, internal consultation, consen- sus-based decision-making, etc., all of which are just formal manifestat- ions of the underlying current of the spirit of cooperation that translates itself into "management through labor- management cooperation".

Jan 1, 1982

Study on the Mineral Processing Technology of Low-Grade Refractory Lead-Zinc Oxide Ores Containing Argillaceous and Carbonated Gangue in Yunnan

Sep 13, 2010

There are a number of examples of how environmental factors have been integrated into the water management aspects of mining projects. The Kingston Lignite project in South Australia, Pine Creek Gold Mine in the Northern Territory, gravel and sand extraction from the Nepean River flood plain near Penrith, and the Olympic Dam Project have all illustrated that consideration of environmental factors can be integrated with project developments, with beneficial outcomes for both the project and the environment.Each of the above cases demonstrated an individually significant environmental issue, directly related to the interaction between the proposed project and its environment. In each case, careful research and an integrated approach to the problem resulted in a solution that gave both maximum protection to the environment and optimum consideration to the economic feasibility and success of the proposed project.The solutions ranged from alternative mining methods and improved waste and water management through to the ultimate objective of converting a mining project into a major water-based recreation source. These examples have set a precedent that will contribute ignificantly to the successful development of future projects.

Jan 1, 1988

Firedamp drainage has become an essential part of many mine environmental systems, and new applications are arising. Installations are evolving further to satisfy ever changing basic requirements, standards, and iniilny needs. In this paper, water seal, vacuum based installations are considered, as well as moni- toring, protective and control systems which have been developed for continuous, manless, and trouble free operation. Some factors affecting plant capacity and extractor per- formance are identified and assessed. INTRODUCTION Firedamp drainage applications are incr- easing world wide as mining engineers strive for improved safety and security, and further concentration of coal output. Fewer and fewer mines are able nowadays to satisfy coal prod- uction and firedamp control requirements solely by air dilution or by air dilution and underground firedamp extraction plants. As a result, dependence on surface extraction plants is increasing. This paper deals with som requirements and applications of such installations. I. DEVELOPMENT AND PRACTICE Firedamp drainage has existed for over 250 years following the early work of Carlisle Spedding at Whitehaven (1730). Some fundamentals of current firedamp drainage systems can be recognised in the

Jan 1, 1982

By T J. Orr

The changing demographics of the mining industry make successful passing of knowledge and skills to the next generation critical. Training methods and technologies are being developed to meet this need. Twenty years ago classroom training was largely a one-way transfer of knowledge through instructor lectures. In contrast, instructors today can use virtual reality technologies to guide trainees as they fully participate in learning experiences. Trainees can interact with the virtual work environment, co-workers, and equipment without being exposed to workplace hazards. The speed of advancement in mine safety, health, and production training shows no sign of slowing in the next 20 years. Researchers at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health have studied and participated in the evolution of miner training. A look at training materials they have created in the past and those they are currently developing reveals changes in methods and technologies over time and also key characteristics which have remained constant. Possibilities for the future can be discussed in the framework of an implementation of virtual reality in new miner training sessions. The example computer-based training package teaches new miners to read mine maps and provides opportunity to practice navigation skills in a virtual mine. With this æserious gameÆ, trainees experience the look and feel of moving through an underground coal mine while in the safety of their classroom. During field-testing in 2007, trainees and instructors responded very favourably to this new way of learning. The software was usable by mine trainers with even limited computer expertise and could be installed on the affordable computers they were using for their more traditional slide presentations. The Underground Coal Mine Map Reading TrainingÆs foundation on past successful development strategies and its acceptance by todayÆs instructors and trainees provide valuable lessons for developing training materials, strategies, and technologies for miningÆs future.

Jan 1, 2008

By Quast K. B

The ore used in this test program was a composite sample from Waihi, New Zealand containing 2.7 g/t gold and 36 g/t silver. From the testwork it was found that a high concentration of sodium cyanide (0.1 per cent) was necessary to ensure a high recovery of both gold and silver. There appeared little chance for either differential leaching or adsorption of gold and silver. The addition of bentonite clay decreased the rates of gold and silver dissolution. The addition of 50 g/1 NaCI had little influence on the rate of silver extraction. The addition of 5 g/l carbon gave adsorptions of 70 per cent of the gold and 35 per cent of the silver, indicating the possible presence of base metal cyanides in solution. The addition of excess sodium sulphide only precipitated 70 per cent of the silver in solution, adding further evidence to the presence of base metal sulphides. The production of separate silver and gold products was not possible by either preferential leaching, preferential adsorption of gold on carbon or preferential precipitation of silver.

Jan 1, 1991

A mining joint venture presents a real management challenge to achieve harmony with the other participants in the successful development and operation of a mine. This can best be facilitated by a detailed agreement and guided by a set of joint venture principles which recognise the differences of the interests of the parties and seek to establish sound business and personal principles by which differences not anticipated in the agreement might be resolved. The major and minor co-venturers can and do present potential difficulties to one another. This paper, one of the pair in the joint venture panel discussion session, predominately presents the minor's viewpoint. Usually commercial matters such as project finance, areas of interest, divestment, pre-emptive rights and decision-making can be adequately covered in the agreement. However, when the parties disagree and have difficulty in resolving their differences, the joint venture principles should be used to advantage to resolve relationship difficulties.

Jan 1, 1997

By Lyman G. J

The volumetric distribution of valuable mineral, or phase, within a set of particles is called the liberation distribution. To optimise a mineral processing plant it is necessary to know the liberation distribution in most of the streams, especially those adjacent to separation devices. Possibly the most common method of analysing ore particles is to section sets of similarly-sized particles. However, the observed sections can appear liberated even if the particle is composite. This means that the 'apparent' liberation distribution can be very different to the 'actual' liberation distribution. This discrepancy is called stereological error. One must then somehow estimate the actual liberation distribution using the apparent liberation distribution. This problem is called the liberation distribution problem and its solution is the subject of this paper. The solution is based on a sorting algorithm which uses geometric probability equations. These equations are based on the assumption that sectioning is isotropic and uniform. Apart from these assumptions the equations are completely independent of particle shape or texture. The algorithm is verified by numerical simulation and experimental methods. For the numerical simulations the correspondence between the actual and estimated liberation distributions is excellent. For the experimental methods, the agreement is not as good and appears to be due to experimental errors.

Jan 1, 1995

By Sloan GJ, Lysnar RD

Since the of Bergstrand's Geo-dimeter in 1946, and Wadley's Tellurometer in 1956, there have been numerous Electromagnetic Distance Measurement (EDM) instruments produced throughout the world by a variety of companies.This form of measurement has not merely replaced other methods of measurement, but has caused considerable change of emphasis in survey techniques. Major control surveys are now being accomplished using trilateration instead of triangulation. The surveying of open cuts or engineering work may be done in a fraction of the time and, in the majority of cases, to a greater degree of accuracy than with older methods.It is surprising that with this new tech-nology and development of EDM equipment which is compact, easy to use and no longer so expen-sive, no advance has been made in underground surveying. If we look at equipment being used by the majority of mining companies, we see that there have been very few changes since the Second World War. Very little research has been carried out to enable the surveyor to do his work more easily in conditions which, at the very least. are hazardous.

Jan 1, 1984

By P Heppner, J Schell, R Newell

The effect of various methods of conditioning on subsequent flotation performance was reviewed, where complex interactions involving attrition, aggregation, dispersion and surface cleaning were discussed. The present study focussed on the influences of standard laboratory cell conditioning, ultrasonic dispersion and high intensity conditioning on copper mineral flotation characteristics. The effect of substituting demineralised water for the WMC plant water was also examined. It was found that higher copper concentrate grades were often obtained using demineralised water, however the use of high intensity conditioning in mill water gave the highest copper recovery and highest flotation rate constant. This process should be considered if copper grade and recovery in this section of the plant drops, especially if the drop is due to surface oxidation of the copper minerals. Other methods of conditioning (cell and ultrasonic techniques) improved the rate of copper flotation above that obtained in the virtual absence of conditioning, showing the importance of conditioning on subsequent flotation operations.

Jan 1, 2000

For several years, the Geology Department of the University of Canterbury has hosted a series of postgraduate projects in the field of coal studies, supported principally by the Ministry of Energy and to a lesser extent by private companies. These projects have involved mainly West Coast Coalfields, and my own studies have focussed on inorganic geochemical aspects of West Coast coals. Because of the large number of potentially important analyte elements in coal, and the wide diversity of coals occurring in the West Coast region, this project has required a substantial amount of work to be spent on sample collection, sample preparation, development of analytical methods, and actual analysis. Considerable problems must be faced at the sampling stage: Can sufficient information be obtained from whole-seam composites, or should seams be sampled in plies. Ply analysis is preferable, but results of proximate analyses are usually available for composites only. Where multi-seam drillhole samples become available (eg Greymouth Coalfield, where some holes yielded more than six sampled seams), the ply option involves a dramatic increase in the number of samples. I have attempted to strike a workable compromise between geographical coverage of coalfields, and detailed sampling of individual seams at each locality. In many cases, sample material has been used jointly with Jane Newman who has carried out petrographic studies.

Jan 1, 1985

Peculiarities of Quartz Distribution in Zinc Flotation Products and their Influence to Mineral Processing

Sep 13, 2010

By Braaksma M, Dudley K

The Girilambone Copper Mine is located in central New South Wales and has been operational since May 1993. Girilambone is operated by the Girilambone Copper Company (GCC) which is a joint venture between Straits Resources (60 per cent) and Nord Resources (40 per cent). The mine complex consists of an open cut pit, ore crushing and stacking, heap leaching, solvent extraction (SX) and electrowinning (EW) allowing for the recovery of 14 600 tpa of LME grade A cathode copper. The leaching and SX-EW plant have been described previously by Rear, Taylor and Busby (1994) and Miller (1994).

Jan 1, 1996