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In the late-1990s, and into the 2000s, many industries, including the mining industry, have seen significant transaction activity by way of acquisitions, floats, joint ventures and major capital projects. The fundamental financial trends are two-fold. First and foremost, a high level of transaction activity within the industry and secondly, the recently introduced requirement for corporate governance standards, have placed increasing pressure on the directors of mining companies. This paper will deal with specifically corporate governance implications of any large capital investment transaction and the associated impact on the mining industry. To provide the framework for this paper, I have looked at a number of recent transactions as well as corporate governance recommendations from the ASX and the HIH Royal Commission.

Jan 1, 2003

Upgrading of a Flow Sheet Selection PC Algorithm for Refractory Concentrates Treatment

Sep 13, 2010

A brief review is given of the history of the Colliery to date together with the reasons for the development of an additional seam.Investigations into the quality of the coal ami its suitability for the production of metallurgical coke and determination of the economic mining limits and coal reserves are discussed. The commencement of mining operations and the inter-seamarrangements necessary for the disposal of coal won are described with the stages in the opening out of the seam itself and the reasons for the installation of a 48-in. trunk conveyor belt. Choke and manning of face equipment are considered and also the work of secondary development and pillar extraction.It is concluded that with modern face equipment and conveyor belt lines, concentrated mining followed by immediate extraction of pillars is practicable and is giving excellent results at Burwood Colliery.INTRODUCTIONBurwood Colliery, the total holding of which now comprises some 3,140 acres of land and 1,450 acres of sea leases, has mined the Borehole Seam since 1883. The early work took place from Nos. 1 and 2 shafts at Glenrock Lagoon and later on at Nos. 3 and 4 shafts at Whitebridge to which the centre of operations shifted in 1893, shaft sinking at this latter area having commenced in 1888.As all the early operations were confined to the Borehole Seam, reserves of coal on this horizon had been considerably reduced by the mid 1930's, so a cross measure drift was driven to the Victoria Tunnel Seam which is about 300 ft. above the Borehole Seam, and fully mechanized coal winning commenced from the second seam in 1938. Subsequently this cross measure drift was extended to the Borehole Seam and complete mechanization of the south-west sections of this seam achieved by 1945.Four track mounted mechanical units were put into operation in the latter area and these worked in a southerly and...

Jan 1, 1958

By D P. Sainsbury, J Western, B L. Sainsbury, V Mutton, P E. Petrie

Remnant rib pillars at Castlemaine Goldfields Ltd’s Ballarat Gold Project have been sterilised by the placement of loose rock fill in production stopes. The application of selectively injecting low-viscosity grout into the backfilled stopes to form a stabilised material has enabled recovery of the previously sterilised pillars. This paper outlines the engineering design, quality control and quality assurance program implemented to ensure the safe and efficient recovery of the rib pillars. The successful program included laboratory testing, numerical exposure stability modelling and in situ monitoring.CITATION:Sainsbury, B L, Sainsbury, D P, Western, J, Petrie, P E and Mutton, V, 2014. Pillar recovery adjacent to stabilised rock fill at the Ballarat Gold Project, in Proceedings AusRock 2014: Third Australasian Ground Control in Mining Conference , pp 77–86 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).

Nov 5, 2014

In the early ages man contented himself with the use of such tools and appliances as would assist him in the enlightenment of his labours. With the advancement of science, numerous motives, with modifications and adaptations, have been introduced to enlighten labours, and in many cases have taken the place of man, but it can hardly be said that this applies to shovels, although one of the oldest implements of labour; certainly, with the introduction of the steam shovel the labours of man have been considerably reduced, but the hand shovel of today is used similarly to that of years ago.If the principle of the hand shovel has not been improved upon, it must not be suggested that the manufacturers of this article are not endeavouring to improve its quality, and the main point with which the manufacturers have to contend is the production of an article which will give a maximum of durability combined with a minimum of lightness. In order to accomplish this they must select suitable material, and subject it to such heat treatment process that will produce a shovel having a maximum of hardness and toughness without being unduly brittle, and which will withstand the excessive wear to which it is subjected.In this article an endeavour will be made to explain (a) the manufacture of shovels; (b) the defects commonly met with-the cause of same and measures which are necessary to remedy them.Before doing so a brief description will be given of the class of steel used for shovels; this is an important factor, and a steel which is admirably suitable is a plain carbon one containing approximately 55 - 70% C., and closely resembles that used for the manufacture of railway rails. This plain carbon steel is very extensively used, although at present alloy steels are being utilised to a certain extent for shovel manufacture, and with suitable heat-treatment.

Jan 1, 1926

Existing fluid flow techniques may be readily applied to the design of ranges for seam gas drainage. The Reynolds number characterises the flow regime within the pipe and it can be used in conjunction with data on absolute pipe surface roughness to determine the system friction factor. The application of the solution to the isothermal compressible flow equation utili- sing Moody friction factors and the concept of equivalent length of pipe for fittings and valves provides a practical method for sizing gas ranges. The physical capacity of a range can be decreased by the existence of significant quantities of water in the range and also by the ingress of air into the system at poor pipe joints etc. Both problems can be elimin- ated by adequate attention to design detail.

Jan 1, 1982

By T R. Anderson, A R. Butler

Haymont (2012) notes that in parts of Australia significant areas of mining disturbance cannot be relinquished. In Queensland it has been estimated that by 2010, just 0.3 per cent 507 ha of mining disturbance had been rehabilitated to the regulator’s satisfaction (Short, 2015).One reason for this poor record is the presence of inappropriate, unachievable or unmeasurable rehabilitation targets (Glenn et al, 2014; Butler, Anderson and Sexton, 2015). In the authors’ experience in Queensland many mature operations have licence conditions that hinder the achievement of sustainable outcomes or prevent successful validation of rehabilitation success. This creates a lack of certainty for industry and a lack of confidence in the community that the sector can deliver good rehabilitation outcomes (Short, 2015).This extended abstract presents a framework approach that has been applied at two contrasting operations. Without the changes presented, the goal of progressive rehabilitation certification, reduction in financial assurance (FA) and a path to surrender at these sites would have been impossible. The framework can be adapted for use across different bioregions and commodities.CITATION:Butler, A R and Anderson, T R, 2016. Reassessing rehabilitation objectives and targets for mature mining operations in Queensland, in Proceedings Life-of-Mine 2016 Conference, pp 139–141 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).

Jun 28, 2016

Gold, silver and palladium may be separated from the other base metals and sulphur contained in copper sulphide precipitates derived from the Sherritt-Gordon nickel process using a process involving an oxidation roast, a reduction roast and a Cu(II)/acetonitrile leach. Sulphur is removed as SO, in an oxidation roast and the hot calcine is reduced with carbon, or with carbon plus cuprous chloride. The resulting product contains metallic copper which is readily dissolved with cupric ions in aqueous acetonitrile solution. Copper powder is recovered by thermal disproportionation. The residue contains the bulk of the iron and precious metals and may be treated by a number of methods, including direct cyanidation or melting with suitable fluxes. Melting the residue will produce a copper alloy containing the precious metals and remove the iron as a slag. The alloy can be recycled to the copper leaching stage or sent for toll refining depending on the precious metal content. Impurities from the leaching circuit are controlled by a bleed circuit which in one approach utilizes the SO, from the calciner to produce Chevreul's salt and separates copper from the soluble cobalt and nickel. Alternatively, the bleed may be directed back to the main refinery copper boil stage or oxydrolysis stage.

Jan 1, 1982

By Martin C. H, Met B

INDEX OF CONTENTS:1. Introduction, Explanatory; and Reasons for Coal Cleaning.2. Principles on which Coal Cleaning is based.3. Location of Broken Hill Proprietary Co. Ltd. Plant.4. Description of Processes Selected Barvoys Bath Process; Barvoys Medium Preparation and Treatment; Static Dry Cleaning Plant.5. Detailed Description of Plant.6. Typical Results of Cleaning Operations.INTRODUCTION, EXPLANATORY, AND REASONS FOR COALCLEANING:The Institute proceedings have not previously published any matter on coal cleaning and the reasons thereof; in consequence it has been deemed advisable to allot a part of this paper to explanatory matter, prior to entering into a detailed explanation and description of the Newcastle plant.At the outset it would be as well to consider briefly the kinds of materials from which coal has originated. All coals represent some stage in the decomposition and transformation of vegetable matter laid down in prehistoric times, the vegetable matter undergoing numerous geological changes, such as submergence, overlaying by sediment, with subsequent pressure and re-elevation; these processes may...

Jan 1, 1946

By M Danišík

Two drill core samples of haematite/goethite from the Robe River (Western Australia) channel iron ore deposits (CID) were dated using (U-Th)/He methods in order to constrain the timing of iron oxide formation and thereby provide a temporal context for CID genesis. (U-Th)/He ages (He ages) from these samples range from the late Oligocene to Late Miocene and despite a high degree of scatter, they corroborate relationships expected from the internal ooidal stratigraphy: For individual ooids, the ages from haematitic core are older than or indistinguishable from the ages of the surrounding goethitic cortex. The goethitic cortices are, in turn, older than the ferruginised wood fragments recovered from the cementing goethitic matrix.The data suggest the following succession of ore formation phases:• Haematitic cores in ooids of both samples formed in the Early to Middle Miocene.• Goethitic cortices of both samples formed in the late Middle to early Late Miocene. This appears to be the age of goethite cortex formation regardless of depth in the core, which does not support the top-down infill model, genetic model proposed by Heim et al (2006).• Wood fragments form a prominent component of the matrix and were ferruginised during the Late Miocene. Thus the data suggest that the unique environmental conditions for the CID formation existed during the Miocene.A methodological implication of this study is that the temperature utilised for He-extraction from iron oxides has a critical impact on the mobility of parent nuclides. The typical ~1100°C laser heating used for crystalline minerals like apatite or zircon induces loss of U and Th and results in erroneously old ages.

Jul 11, 2011

By X Li, R Chu, X Deng

The hot-dip galvanising industry is the largest consumer of zinc, with over 40 per cent of the world’s total annual production of zinc used for galvanised steel. The dross generated in the hot-dip galvanising coating process is a valuable co-product, since it contains high quantities of recyclable metal. A new method to recover the metal from the industrial galvanising dross was proposed using supergravity separation. During the hot-dip galvanising process, the presence of zinc dross has a serious impact on the surface quality of the hot-dip galvanised sheet, forming zinc dross defects. To reduce the impact of zinc dross, the zinc dross on the surface of the zinc pool needs to be manually or mechanically removed at regular intervals. However, during the dross removal process, a large amount of metal zinc is inevitably carried out, resulting in low zinc utilisation rate and high zinc loss rate. This article proposes an efficient and low-cost technology for the recycling and utilisation of hotdip galvanised dross, which uses super-gravity technology to recover hot-dip galvanised dross online. The metal in the hot-dip galvanised dross returns to the zinc pot in situ, while a small part of the dross remains in the super-gravity equipment, which can reduce the amount of zinc dross by more than 60 per cent and achieve a reduction in zinc loss from 17 per cent to less than 7 per cent.

Jun 19, 2024

By K Le Bron

Fatalities that occurred because of rock falls in off-reef excavations (excluding shafts) over the last three years range between ten per cent and 20 per cent of the total number of fatalities that have occurred due to rock falls in the South African mining industry. These rock falls, mostly exacerbated by blasting practices, occur because of failure on discontinuities within the rock mass. Among other reasons of their occurrence is insufficient support installation or the incorrect assessment of rock mass conditions. This report presents qualitative analysis intended to outline rock stability conditions in tunnels subjected to dynamic loading. Seismic waves including those created by firing an explosive charge in tunnel rocks are considered. The rock behaviour is monitored using geophones and extensometers variably installed to record the near and far effects of roof bolt support units on a dynamically loaded rock. The paper discusses the results of field investigations.

Jan 1, 1999

The rocks of Waihi and the surrounding district are almost entirely rhyolitic and ande5itic in character. Sedimentary rocks, with the exception of some surface deposits of clay loosely compacted conglomerate, etc., and one or two thin and broken beds of a very poor lignite, occasionally changed by igneous agencies into a bituminous coal, are almost absent. In the shafts sunk by the Waihi and Grand Junction companies outside the outcropping andesitic area of the Martha Hill, more than one old surface or lake bottom has been passed through. At these points layers of sand, consolidated volcanic mud and tuff, accompanied by numerous broken fragments of imperfectly silicified wood have been enccuntered, but these occurrences may, for the purpose of this paper, be neglected.The youngest rock of the district are rhyolites, probably of Pliocene age. At least three distinct classes of rhyolitic lava, each possessing features of unusual interest, may be made out. None of these, however, is gold-bearing. The youngest flow, a light-coloured, fine-grained rock, is remarkable owing to its enclosing at times fragments of carbonised wood, varying in size from mere specks up to quite large pieces of almost pure charcoal. Rhyolitic tuff is also met with. The rhyolites cover a large extent of nearly flat country east, south, and west of Waibi, here and there rising into barren, stony hills.Below the rhyolites, geologically speaking, but for the most part. forming hills which bound the rhyolitic plain, or rise out of it as isolated patches, come ahdesites of older...

Jan 1, 1902

By Tonkin D. A

Poor performance in the several stages of the magnetite recovery circuit, coupled with poor desliming through inefficient and over- loaded desliming screens, led to excessive magnetite consumption. An accurate and reliable sampling programme was established covering all outlets of the plant. Emphasis was placed on frequency of increments in an endeavour to detect extreme conditions of short duration. Systematic checking of the entry points to these outlets than identified those sections of the recovery circuit at fault, namely magnetite recovery separators and the heavy media cyclone product rinsing screens. More product rinsing water was provided, and modifications to the rinsing screens improved the efficiency of these units. Consistency of operation through automatic control of level eliminated the sudden massive losses in the magnetic separators. Load on the recovery circuit was then reduced by improvements to the raw coal desliming screens. A 50 per cent reduction in magnetite consumption was achieved.

Jan 1, 1974

By M Noy, P Hawkes

Improvements in the drill and blast process can impact on loader performance in a number of ways. The main effects being improved loading cycle times, less non-productive cycles such as oversize removal, clean-up and face raking and better bucket fill factors. The impact of improved loading cycle times on the overall cost and productivity of the load and haul cycle is very much dependent on the loader truck match and the management of the haul fleet. Previous work has shown that a 20 per cent improvement in dig cycle times may only lead to three per cent or less improvement in the overall productivity of the load and haul process. However, improving the mass loaded per pass by five per cent will lead to a five per cent improvement in productivity for any given haul fleet situation, assuming sufficient truck capacity. Work by Orica Explosives at Lab ChrysotileÆs Thetford Mine, Quebec, Canada showed a relationship between muckpile fragmentation and truck payload. With this in mind, work was carried out to determine the effect differing muckpile fragmentation distributions can have on excavator bucket fill factors. This work was performed in the laboratory to a 1:100 scale. Nine different distributions were used. These were characterised by the Rosin Rammler parameters, xc the characteristic size, and n, the uniformity index. The values of xc and n used were modelled on those previously measured at a Sydney quarry. For the range of distributions measured, it was found that the fill factors were lowest at a low characteristic size and a high uniformity index and highest at a high characteristic size and a low uniformity index. In other words the best fill factors were achieved with a more dispersed muckpile distribution with a larger characteristic size. The difference in fill factors was 16 per cent indicating that controlling the drill and blast process to produce a specific muckpile distribution can have a significant impact on the overall cost-efficiency and productivity of the load and haul process. Field measurement by Orica Explosives at a quarry in Canada supports this conclusion showing improvements of up to seven per cent in average bucket load by either increasing the characteristic size or decreasing the uniformity index of the muckpile.

Jan 1, 1999

By G Solly, P J. Leevers

Day-to-day operating practices at existing operations need provide high quality data for decisions that will impact directly on the potential value of the available resource, in addition to meeting standards of quality expected of data used in feasibility studies that will be completed to obtain additional capital required to finance operational improvements. Drill hole location, down hole survey and assay data standards of accuracy and precision have received considerable attention in recent years. The authors propose that geological descriptions of both cored and non-cored drilling warrant at least equal attention, considering their fundamental role in establishing the framework used for geological modeling and resource estimation. The iron ore deposits of the Middleback Ranges have been a major source of iron ore for almost a century. High-grade hematite-dominant ore is currently mined by OneSteel from three open pit operations supplying ore to the companyÆs integrated steelworks at Whyalla. A review of OneSteelÆs future iron ore resources, commenced in 2002, highlighted the need for more flexible and comprehensive management of all forms of geological data used in resource evaluation. Driving this program was the information needs of feasibility studies of the Iron Magnet deposit, located beneath the existing Iron Duke and Iron Duchess mines. Prior to the beginning of 2003, resource evaluation drilling data collected by OneSteel was managed using an in-house system based on industry standard relational database software. The system was demonstrably effective in ensuring the fundamental integrity of basic drilling data, but lacked necessary capabilities for the acquisition and management of geological descriptions, geotechnical and geophysical data obtained by down-hole logging. OneSteelÆs existing system for the management and interpretation of geological descriptions was restricted to storage of a single three digit code for each lithological description interval. The original logs for a large number of older drill holes could not be located, having been either poorly archived or culled from the database in the belief that they did not contribute to the understanding of the resources currently being mined. The three digit codes represented a combination of lithological and stratigraphic descriptions, including many subtle variations in iron ore colour and texture believed to be associated with variations in geochemistry, but subsequently demonstrated to be either incorrect or inconsistently applied. This resulted in the establishment of a plethora of codes for a relatively small number of distinct lithologies. Improvements implemented by OneSteel geologists addressed these shortcomings by ensuring the new data management system: facilitated the objective description of lithological characteristics; distinguished between obsevations and interpretations (eg lithology versus stratigraphy); promoted consistency between descriptions provided by different geologists; and helped to ensure data integrity by developing an audit trail for alterations made to data subsequent to its acquisition. The data used to develop interpretations of mineralisation distribution and characteristics are fundamental to the effective utilisation of a mineral resource: any mineÆs most important asset. Resource related risk is widely recognised as the principal source of technical risks affecting resource development projects, whether they are new mines or expansions of existing operations. A key lesson from this work is that most commercial or æin-houseÆ developed geological data management systems are able to handle basic data validation tasks effectively. Geologists, however, need to ensure that the data management system is appropriately structured to help promote the acquisition of objective and consistent data for interpretation.

Jan 1, 2003

By J Lea, D C. Kettlewell

The Carina iron ore deposit lies 105 km northeast of Southern Cross, WA. The area designated the Yilgarn Iron Ore Project (YIOP) is comprised of five prospects along an east-southeast trending greenstone belt that extends from the Helena-Aurora Ranges in the northwest to the Yendilberrin Hills in the southeast, over a strike length of approximately 40 km. The YIOP project encompasses the previously identified iron deposits of Bungalbin, Bungalbin East and Mt Walton. The Carina deposit was discovered by Polaris Metals NL in May 2007. The Carina deposit is located within and parallel to the structurally complex northwest trending Mount Dimer shear zone. The volcanosedimentary Archaean-aged greenstone sequence consists of ultramafic and mafic lavas and flows with interbedded sediments dominated by chert and banded iron formation (BIF). Supergene enrichment processes formed a goethite orebody replacement of BIF sequences within a doubly plunging synclinal fold structure. Mineralised outcrops dominated by goethite form a low ridge 1500 m long, up to 90 m wide and drilled to over 200 m in depth. In the vicinity of the Carina deposit, iron occurrences have been identified over at least a 12 km strike length and the exploration potential of the area is identified as 30 - 40 Mt. Polaris Metals began exploration in the area in 2006. Target generation in the area used existing state geological survey maps and regional magnetic survey data to focus on BIF occurrences associated with major structures. Early field investigations resulted in the identification of a large outcrop of predominantly goethite mineralisation at Carina. Detailed geological and structural mapping was completed, followed by close-spaced reverse circulation and diamond drilling. The mineralisation is predominantly goethite with specular and coarse platy haematite localised along structures that cut the goethite mineralisation. Mineralised zones are moderately vuggy and larger cavities occur in proximity to fault zones that transect the orebody. A capping by a thin veneer up to 9 m thick of canga or ferricrete occurs in places. By December 2008, 178 reverse circulation and 11 diamond drill holes (seven surface holes, four tails) were completed. The current JORC-compliant resource estimate is based on assays from 72 RC drill holes and using a 55 per cent Fe cut-off stands as an Inferred Resource of 27.9 Mt at 58.6 per cent Fe, 1.3 per cent Al2O3, 3.7 per cent SiO2, 0.09 per cent P, and 10.1 per cent LOI. Assaying has recently been completed and will be incorporated into a new updated resource later in 2009.

Jan 1, 2009

The task of designing stable high walls and spoil piles in strip coal mines, and stable openings with controlled roofs and floors in underground collieries - within the constraints normally imposed by economics - depends upon a reliable assessment of rock mass strengths and rock mass reactions under a variety of stress conditions. Of the geological factors influencing internal friction and cohesion within rock masses, many may be determined qualitatively or empirically from bore-hole evidence. Rock types, descriptions and properties of intact rocks, location of boundaries, limits and degrees of weathering, potential for slaking or decomposition of rocks when exposed, bedding characteristics, the nature of rock anisotropy and the likely effects of water on rock mass properties can be assessed from bore- hole data. Discontinuities, whether they be major such as faults and dykes, or minor such as joints and fractures, present a greater problem, and in most instances the mine geologist must resort to additional techniques to describe or predict their occurrence, nature, frequency, intensity or physical properties. Information on ground water and seam gas is available from bore-holes within certain levels of reliability.

Jan 1, 1977

An intensive safety campaign at Mount Isa Mines Limited from 1956 to 1966 saw the lost time accident frequency rate fall to half its original level. A review of the safety programme was carried out in 1967 and in 1968 the Five Point Safety System was introduced. The seven years since its introduction have been years of significant achievement both in production and safety. Improving safety is a fundamental part of Mount Isa Mines Limited's policy and this system has been a major tool in implementing that policy. To be successful personnel need to be prepared and trained for its introduction and subsequently counselled on its use. A carefully prepared programme is required to phase in various aspects of the system and to make use of complementary steps. The system has been a success and it is anticipated that the continued drive to improve the use of principles of the system will further improve safety. It is hoped that this paper will be of value to those personnel concerned with industrial safety in Australia.

Jan 1, 1975

By R O’Sullivan, D Taylor, J G. McLellan, B Miller

The Mount Isa copper deposit is located adjacent to the city of Mount Isa, Queensland, and lies within a series of Palaeoproterozoic to Mesoproterozoic Superbasins. The deposit is hosted almost entirely within the Urquhart Shale (US), a unit of the Mount Isa Group sediments and part of the Isa Superbasin. The copper mineralisation is separated into two distinct orebodies: the X41 mine (1100 and 1900 orebodies) and the Enterprise mine (3000 and 3500 orebodies). The orebodies are situated in the hanging wall of the major controlling structures, the Paroo Fault, which has juxtaposed older basement Eastern Creek Volcanics against the younger Mount Isa Group sediments cf 1655 ± 4 Ma. Conjecture remains over the exact timing of this thrust event. However, it is clear that inflections on the Paroo Fault have a close association with the orebodies and are an important structural feature in the mineralisation of the Mount Isa copper deposit.The life-of-mine is reducing steadily and new geomechanical modelling techniques were employed to target structurally controlled mineralised zones in three dimensions. Following a structural review of the mine using underground mapping, structural data and core shed observations, a conceptual 3D mine model was constructed utilising existing data modelled in MineSight®. This conceptual model included all the main lithological units and structures. The conceptual model aimed to test the effects of deformation on the main lithological and structural components of the system and attempted to highlight areas of anomalous stress and strain that may indicate a higher likelihood of fluid focusing and mineralisation potential. This project was focused on testing the latter stages of a D3 event (NE–SW compression) and D4 event (SE–NW compression), which are considered to be responsible for the current location of the mineralisation.The fully coupled 3D finite element analysis models resulted in highlighting anomalous patterns of stress and strain and subsequent fluid flow as a result of the two deformation events. The NE–SW D3 simulation provided the best correlation with the known distribution of mineralisation. This event also indicated several areas on the Paroo Fault and within the US that have potential to host further areas of mineralisation. The SE–NW D4 simulation provided less of a correlation with known mineralised zones. However, this event may have been responsible for post mineralisation re-mobilisation of copper on a relatively small scale. Areas of maximum shear strain, shear stress, volumetric strain and fluid flow correlated well with areas of minimum principal stress and provided the best overall match with known mineralised zones. Furthermore, several additional highlighted areas provide a high potential for further discovery of copper mineralisation. Recent exploration drilling north of the Enterprise mine 3000 orebody, utilising geomechanical modelling as part of the targeting criteria, intersected copper mineralisation, providing further validation of the modelling results.CITATION:McLellan, J G, O’Sullivan, R, Miller, B and Taylor, D, 2014. Geomechanical modelling of the Mount Isa copper deposit – predicting mineralisation, in Proceedings Ninth International Mining Geology Conference 2014 , pp 197–206 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).

Aug 18, 2014