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The Hail Creek coking coal deposits are situated in Central Queensland, inland from the port of Mackay. A joint venture of Australian and Japanese companies has been formed to examine the feasibility of developing these deposits for sale on the overseas markets. The project envisaged involves large scale mining operations and on site benefic- iation to wash the coal to marketable quality. Infrastructure items include a 140 kilometre railway to the coast, a port facility, and at Ilail Creek, power and water supplies, roads and communications, and accommodation for a substantial workforce. The need for town development and the responsibility for the development are established. The town planning implications of coal production at the rate of five million long tons of washed coal per annum from open cut and underground mines are considered. A procedure for estimating the size of the town is expounded and the town size is determined. The factors influencing site selection are explained and a site is suggested. A method of designing the town is described and comments are made on developmental aspects. Spaciousness and preservation featuring the natural environment will be the theme of the town development.

Jan 1, 1973

IN the course of his employment the Broken Hill Co. the writer has had occasion to use and instruct others in the use of the Shamrock rescue apparatus. This paper deals with the various types of apparatus tested. The common object of the various types of breathing apparatus is to enable the wearer to remain and work for varying periods of time in an atmosphere which is either deficient in oxygen or is poisonous that is, contains carbon monoxide or irritating and irrespirable vapours, such as the smoke from underground fires, sulphur dioxide or ammonia fumes. For any apparatus to be efficient as required in the above paragraph it must fulfil the following conditions;1. Air-tight as regards the passage of the air from the outside to the inside. In atmosphere containing carbon dioxide a slight leak would not render the apparatus useless; but where irritating vapours, such as the smoke from burning oregon and sulphides, are met with, even the slightest leak must be avoided.2. The oxygen supply must be ample, and so supplied that it is not checked by expiration.3. Expiration and inspiration must not be retarded.

Jan 1, 1911

By G K. Robinson

The existence of bias in samples taken by cross-stream sample cutters has been investigated using three-dimensional discrete element method (DEM) modelling. Detailed quantitative information on overall extraction ratios, size specific extraction ratios, missed and extra sample components can be made by comparing a reference sample to the actual sample. A key advantage of using this modelling approach over physical experimentation is that the reference sample can be measured on precisely the same portion of the stream of material as the actual sample, thereby allowing the elimination of a significant fraction of the variability and allowing statistically significant results to be obtained using many fewer replicates. Quantitative analysis of results broadly supports the commonly-used rule that the cutter aperture should be at least three times the nominal top-size of the material being sampled, but does not support the commonly-used rule requiring increase in cutter aperture if the cutter speed exceeds 0.6 m/s. Sampler performance can be understood in terms of the balance of forces in the congested region of material formed by the slowing of the particle stream due to collisional interactions around the mouth of the cutter.

Jan 1, 2008

By Szymanski J

The problems associated with underground mining continue to grow in size and complexity. As a result mine management is becoming aware of the benefits that can be achieved through the use of computer-oriented tools for system analysis. When such tools are employed in conjunction with benchmarking practices, the drivers of the system that lead to superior performance can more easily be determined. This paper discusses the use of the Simulation Language for Alternative Modelling (SLAM II) in the determination of the drivers of an underground room-and-pillar mining system. The mining operations included in the model consist of extracting, loading and hauling of the coal using continuous mining equipment in a room and pillar system. Equipment specifications and mining techniques used in the model are based upon current methods employed at the existing underground coal mines worldwide. The model developed is capable of adequately predicting the operational performance of the real world system from a statistical point of view. The results from the study show that computer simulation is an excellent tool for evaluating various mine configurations and for gaining a better understanding of the mining systems.

Jan 1, 1995

Authority to Prospect 57P lies within the Surat Basin',' an eastern lobe of the Great Artesian.Basin, a major Mesozoic . downwarp that,had its inception'in Triassic time. The northern edge of the Mesozoic Surat Basin overlaps the southern extension of the Bowen Basin, a 'major structure that warped do*nWard in varying degrees from Permian time into Early'Triassic time: The axis of the Bowen Basin may be superimposed on the axis'of a still older structure, the Tasman Geosyncline, that probably originated in Ordovician time culminating in Late Carboniferous time.Within. or bordering the area the geologic record 'clearly marks.major differences in the stratigraphy and structure related, to"the successive evolution of these three distinct structural units. Three major phases of sedimentation have been recognised; one related to the development of the Tasman Geosyncline froi'n. Devonian to.Early Permian time (Horton group), one related to-the development of the Bowen Basin from Early Permian to_Early Tri= assic time (Bowen group), and one related to the development of the Great Artesian Basin from Triassic to Cretaceous time (Great Artesian . Group).

Jan 1, 1962

The term geochemistry - chcmbtry' of the earth - is almost limitless in its implied subject, but of recent years a major trend of research in this field has been towards economic application in the search for mineral deposits, and in particular for those of some ofthe less common elements for which a demand now exists.Geochemistry is in a state of slow transition from a purely descriptive subject to a fundamental science concerned with the relationships that exist between the distribution of the elements in the earth's crust and the physical characteristics of the atoms of those elements. The progress achieved promises a set of basic principles which will relate the atomic characteristics of an element to the physico-chemical conditions that make for its dispersion or concentration. This means that, given a geological map of an areasufficiently detailed for the physico-chemical conditions existing in past geological eras to be deduced, there is the possibility that the relative distribution throughout that area of any element present, and its likely mode of occurrence, could be predicted from a consideration of its atomic characteristics.Since the atomic characteristics of the elements are becoming increasingly well defined by physical research, the attainment of this ideal of prediction depends upon:(a) the strengthening of geochemical theory; and(b) the development of petrological and mineralogical methods of assessing the conditions of temperature and pressure prevailing in geological formations at various stages in their history.The other prime requirement is a d.etailed geological map - a requirement that is all too often lacking.The fact that there has been very little "geochemical approach" to problems of economic geology in Australia should not be taken to mean that there is little point in trying to develop such an approach here in as active and as rigidly scientific a manner as possible. The degree of success that has attended the attempts so far made, to which reference is made below, suggests the reverse, particularly in view of the relatively slight cost involved if the investigations were properly organised on a centralised basis. There are three aspects of geochemistry that are directly applicable to the search for economic minerals.(a) The classic technique of the prospector can be made more sensitive and reliable by the use of modern equipment coupled with the application of geochemical theory to geological and structural data. The case of the rare alkali elements (see below) is givenhere as an illustration of the way in which the distribution of elements can be predicted from the first principles of geochemistry, thereby replacing the prospector's dependence on his "sixth sense" that enabled him to suggest that a certain area of formation was"favourable" for the occurrence of a certain type of mineral deposit.At its best, this sixth sense amounted to an almost subconscious correlation of all relevant associations and typical occurrences of the particular mineral experienced by the prospector during his...

Jan 1, 1950

By Wardle L, Wright G

This paper describes the investigations and results of monitoring of deformations of houses located within the area of influence of a pillar collapse over the Westfalen No. 3 coal mine near Ipswich, Queensland. The subsidence resulted in minor subsidence of at least 18 modem houses and serious damage to 4 others. The history of the events and the measures taken to deal with the physical problems arising are described. The investigations and results are described and related to the mining methods and geology. The stability of coal pillars up to 9.6 m high was considered and computer modelling undertaken to relate surface subsidence to estimates of the extent of pillar failure. Assessments were made of the likely extent of subsidence during the incident. Measurements of distortion and tilt were obtained as the ground slowly subsided and criteria established to determine when the structures were deemed to be unsafe. Detailed surveys of houses affected or anticipated to become affected were also undertaken. Four houses were condemned and subsequently demolished as a result of excessive tilt. The methods of assessment are described and the implications of the results related to the various' house designs.

Jan 1, 1992

By Van Hoorn PD

For the development of BHP's Gregory open cut coal mine in Central Queensland a mini computer was successfully used to assist staff in the evaluation of the deposit and the planning of the mine. The Gregory deposit is essentially a single mineable seam deposit, however the systems developed may be applied to other coal deposits including multi seam occurences. The first phase of the Gregory computer evaluation and planning project involved the establishment of a borehole data base for the storage, retrieval and analysis of both strata and quality data. During the second phase a numeric block model of the coal deposit was created. Using this model reserve calculations were carried out by specifying the area with the aid of a digitizing tablet. The third phase involved the develop- ment of systems to simulate the dragline stripping operations including the rehandle percentage calculation, a dragline production schedule showing coal quantity and quality exposed, and a combined multi dragline operation schedule that can produce figures and graphs for up to 20 variables. A derivative of the operating plan was a programme that gave productioh cost estimates

Jan 1, 1978

During induration of iron ore pellets produced from magnetite concentrates, there are many reactions occurring simultaneously. While the magnetite is being oxidised to hematite, carbonate fluxes are being calcined, leading to the formation of complex oxides. Calcination of fluxes and the formation of calcium and magnesium ferrites and silicates during the preheat stage can influence the magnetite oxidation process. As the calcination reaction proceeds quicker than oxidation at temperatures experienced during the preheat stage (700 - 1200¦C), the bulk flow of CO2 emanating from within the pellet should disrupt the diffusion of O2 to the magnetite reaction as the gas fluxes are similar in magnitude. This increases the time required for the oxidation of the pellet. Using an infrared rapid heating furnace, experiments were performed on heating individual magnetite green balls in an air atmosphere. These experiments showed that time played an important role in the extent of oxidation and calcination and temperature significantly influenced the initial evolution of high temperature phases such as magnesioferrite, calcium ferrites and calcium silicates. Understanding the kinetics of all these reactions for a particular pellet feed, and their interaction, is important for optimising the design of the induration furnace.

Jan 1, 2005

By De Jong HJ

During the forthcoming reline of No.3 Blast Furnace at the Newcastle Steelworks of the Broken Hill Proprietary Co. Ltd., facilities for the screening and weighing o' coke will be installed. The equipment is needed to optimise the sizing and the quantity of coke immediately prior to it being charged to the furnace. Up till the time the furnace was blown out in November, 1982, coke was charged to the furnace by volume, ie by skip fulls only. This resulted in variation to the ore/coke ratio charged due to bulk density changes and erratic skip filling levels. This in turn affects the heat balance of the furnace and causes fluctuations in hot metal chemistry and temperature. A coke rate penalty has to be paid also. Coke layer thickness in the furnace burden cannot be controlled closely, resulting in loss of control over gas distribution in the furnace. A grizzly type screen was incorporated in the skip loading chute but this ineffective method left a great amount of fines with the coke being charged to the furnace. Furnace permeability was therefore reduced, particularly in the hearth.

Jan 1, 1984

Driefontein Gold Mine together with Kloof Gold Mine and Beatrix Gold Mine forms part of Gold Fields South Africa. Driefontein Gold Mine is situated near the town of Carletonville, 50 km south of Johannesburg, in the Gauteng Province. The 4 Shaft East complex comprises of the 4 Main Shaft and the 4 Subvertical Shaft. The main shaft is 9150 m in diameter and was sunk in 1984 to a depth of 2000.5 m. The 4 Subvertical Shaft is 7320 m in diameter and was sunk during 1985 to a depth of 3006 m. Full production was, however, only reached during 1988. Intensive mining is currently being done between levels 28 to 42. In 2002 a decision was made to start mining the shaft pillar, situated between 32 and 33 level in the subvertical shaft. Intensive studies showed that with selective mining scheduling the total mineÆs life could be lengthened by nine years if accessed timeously. The higher grades present in the shaft pillar can be mixed with lower grades from the same reef band presently mined 1500 to 2000 m away from the subshaft pillar area. The shaft pillar comprises 50 per cent of the remaining ore resources available. However, no provisions were made in the initial phases of the shaft development to extract the shaft pillar. Grades between 4300 cmgt to 2500 cmgt relating to 23 and 14 g/t are present in the shaft pillar and an estimated 50 tonnes of gold can be produced from this pillar in the period from 2007 to 2015. The pillar extraction is the key to DriefonteinÆs long-term gold profile. Every geological feature possible is represented in this to-be-mined pillar area. The pillar around the shaft is a complex structure featuring hard and soft lava, sedimentary structures/plane parting that moves against each other, quartzite capping, etc. Replacement of services and secondary support systems were designed, modelled and put in place. The original steelwork was not designed to cope with the various stresses and movements, which are expected once the extraction process is started. Existing shaft steelwork was used as far as practically possible. The principal behind the design was that the steelwork would be totally disconnected from the shaft lining over its total length of 132 m in the area of the reef intersection. This will allow the steelwork to move independently from the geological structures surrounding it, allowing a certain degree of distortion of the shaft lining, moderate twist and tilt to take place without interfering with hoisting operations.

Jan 1, 2005

The Upper Waimangaroa mining permit is part of the Buller Coalfield and lies on the eastern side of the Stockton-Denniston Plateau. The mining permit area is estimated to contain a total in-ground coal resource of 58 million tonnes, contained within 13 separate coal resource .blocks. The coal is Bituminous High Volatile B rank with export potential as semi soft coking or thermal coal. The Northern Opencast mine is the first mine proposed for Upper Waimangaroa and consists of the three resource blocks at the northern end of the permit area. The highwall of the mine will cut into the Mt William Range resulting in overburden cover of up to 150 metres in some areas. The ability to rehabilitate the area after mining was a major consideration in the design of the mine. The Northern Opencast area has been geologically mapped, extensively drilled and effectively modelled using Vulcan software. Three distinct coal seams are present and the mineable in situ resource is estimated at 8.7 million tonnes of which approximately 7.1 million tonnes is likely to be recoverable. It is proposed that this resource will be mined using opencast methods and the void will be backfilled with overburden. The life of the mine is at this stage estimated at 19 years based on an annual production of 500,000 tonnes at 1.8% sulphur and the Upper Waimangaroacoal will be blended with low sulphur coal from the Greymouth Coalfield to meet export specifications. The Northern Opencast area contains a range of native flora and fauna and physical features which make it an environmentally significant area. Mining will totally modify the area, thus an effective rehabilitation scheme is an integral part of the mine plan. Various rehabilitation methods will be used, and wherever possible, the backfilled areas will be rehabilitated so as to resemble the original area as closely as possible.

Jan 1, 1998

By S C. Labram, A Stabile

"Modern train load out stations are becoming faster and have the ability to load a 100 wagon train in less than three hours. At 70 metric tonnes per wagon, that is an average fill rate of 2333 t/h and considering the train is continuously moving, the instantaneous feed rate into the wagon is in the region of 4200 t/h.The main feed conveyor that maintains the level in the surge hopper, above the final weigh hopper, operates in excess of 5000 t/h to ensure uninterrupted charging of the weigh hopper to not disrupt the train loading operation.To avoid demurrage costs (a charge by the Rail Operating Company for exceeding the contractually agreed loading time) the train has to be handled speedily and efficiently and spend the absolute minimum time at the loading facility. Everything else has a much lower priority, including sampling.Thermo Fisher Scientific’s brief was an engineering, procurement and construction management (EPCM) contract to provide a sampling scheme adjacent to the prepurchased and predesigned load-out facility, but which interfaced seamlessly with the loading system of the trains and provided the following: an instantaneous particle size distribution (PSD) result for each truck loaded, and a final PSD for the total train prior to the train leaving the loading facility a crushed (-3 mm) composite sample for chemical analysis for the whole train a composite physical analysis sample for the whole train.The design presented some interesting challenges to our team, but the end result is a system that not only ‘stands alone’ but interfaces seamlessly with the loading system. This paper discusses the design itself and potential improvements to future systems.CITATION:Labram, S C and Stabile, A, 2017. An automatic sampling methodology to determine contractual particle size distribution in rapid train load out stations, in Proceedings Eighth World Conference on Sampling and Blending, pp 229–234 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne)."

May 9, 2017

By P J. Fairfield

"This paper reflects on the author’s experiences in undertaking mining studies and reviewing mining projects and technical reports, particularly over the past five years, and the impact of recent changes in reporting standards and listing requirements pertaining to mining-related evaluation and valuation exercises. It also discusses contemporary changes in the expectations of the investment community and the implications for the role of the technical specialist in providing advice to such stakeholders.Not for the first time in history, the resources industry has experienced a significant downturn after a period of strong, sustained growth in line with the traditional view of the cyclical nature of commodity markets. The resource industry is currently faced with capital austerity in the wake of projects ‘failing’ (not delivering to expectations). In response, the industry has experienced changes in investment behaviour (slowing of investment) and an increasing regulatory burden as stakeholders seek a greater understanding of mining project risks.This paper discusses this response and uses case studies to highlight the key learnings (perhaps re-learnt) by the industry. It also discusses the challenges faced by technical specialists in communicating the results of technical and valuation studies to the investment community.As investors seek to take advantage of the current stage in the investment cycle, the key challenge of the technical specialist is to effectively communicate the uncertainty in technical assumptions, risks and opportunities that drive project value.CITATION:Fairfield, P J, 2016. Managing expectations – from buyer beware to buyer be aware, in Proceedings Project Evaluation 2016, pp 66–74 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne)."

Mar 8, 2016

By S Döpp

Commencing with early experiences in iron ore beneficiation made at Beeshoek Mine, the paper follows through the process of extensive mineralogical and metallurgical investigations carried out during feasibility study. The paper will discuss the design process and logic followed over the last years, the challenges and decisions the design team faced in order to draw the conclusions that ultimately resulted in today’s value add approach at Assmang’s Khumani Operations.As integral part of the benefi ciation concept, a focus is set on the jigs, explaining the plant concepts, planned expansions and their contribution to the overall value add approach at the mine.The case study is intended to describe the outcomes of the design versus the actual achieved and the further value add projects to be implemented. As for future prospect, the incorporation of Wet High Intensity Magnetic Separation (WHIMS) demonstrates Assmang Khumani’s pursuit to maximise productivity and overall recovery.DMS was evaluated as an alternative to jigging within a comparative test work study, but in conclusion the option had to be excluded due to its inability to achieve the high density cut point required to achieve the sales specifi cations. In contrast, the investigation on producing an additional middlings fraction on the lumpy ore jigs prove to be an adequate option for further improvements of overall mass yield. With further liberation, a saleable product will be achieved by secondary beneficiation on Fines Jigs and WHIMS.Concluding, jigs are considered the most viable and cost effective benefi ciation process for off-grade ore +0.8 - 32 mm at Beeshoek as well as at Khumani, while WHIMS is the process under consideration for super fines recovery.

Jul 11, 2011

By R Winterberg

Concrete is a well established and reliable construction material for the permanent lining of tunnels, but shows some weak performance characteristics, which can be overcome by the addition of specialised fibre reinforcement. This paper addresses the particular performance design requirements of segmental linings, discussing the improvements of fi bres on concrete properties. Focus is made on the beneficial effects of fibre reinforcement on the cracking behaviour and the toughness performance, providing a safe and durable tunnel lining.Not only the mechanical performance of fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) for segmental linings, but also the durability of the linings has gained growing attention among the designers and consultants. Especially tunnel linings with exposure to media with corrosion potential, such as wastewater sewer tunnels or desalination plant outfall tunnels, have high requirements on their durability. The design of these structures must provide a comprehensive study of durability aspects. Fibre reinforcement can substantially improve the durability of concrete.Research has been carried out on the cracking behaviour of concrete. The beneficial effects of steel fibres on the cracking behaviour reduce the permeability by reducing the flow paths within the concrete. Crack bridging steel fibres create necking effects in bending cracks, leading to earlier closure of the cracks. Further, steel fibres create particular crack formations, which lead to a substantial reduction of the fl ow rates through separation cracks. The results also show that considerable cost savings can be achieved using FRC, as the thickness of the linings can be reduced.The durability design issues will be addressed and underlined by a case history on the Hobson Bay sewer tunnel in Auckland, New Zealand.

Mar 8, 2011

By M J. Dunn

The geotechnical model is the cornerstone of any mining geotechnical design and as such the confidence level and reliability of the geotechnical model is paramount. The geotechnical model confidence level needs to be commensurate with the level of design that is being applied or study that is being undertaken. The geotechnical model is made up of several components and the reliability of the data underlying these components ultimately determines the reliability of the geotechnical model.Data reliability is linked to the quantity of data collected, the spatial distribution of the data collected, quality of the data collection and the interpretation of the data. In a typical project, there is an opportunity to improve data reliability through the scoping, prefeasibility, feasibility and final design and implementation stages.Currently, very little quantitative guidance exists in the literature on assessing the confidence level of geotechnical studies, although there have been attempts by various authors (Haile, 2004; Haines, Swart and Kruger, 2006; Read and Stacey, 2009; Dunn, Basson and Parrott, 2011) to qualitatively describe what level of geotechnical data is required. Recently a number of authors (Read, 2013; Fillion and Hadjigeorgiou, 2013; Thomas, 2013) have outlined methods that could be applied to assess the reliability of some types of geotechnical data that are used in the development of geotechnical models.This paper briefly discusses some of the factors influencing data reliability and the geotechnical model confidence and some of the tools available.CITATION:Dunn, M J, 2014. Geotechnical models and data confidence in mining geotechnical design, in Proceedings AusRock 2014: Third Australasian Ground Control in Mining Conference , pp 127–134 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).

Nov 5, 2014

By M Danišík

Two drill core samples of haematite/goethite from the Robe River (Western Australia) channel iron ore deposits (CID) were dated using (U-Th)/He methods in order to constrain the timing of iron oxide formation and thereby provide a temporal context for CID genesis. (U-Th)/He ages (He ages) from these samples range from the late Oligocene to Late Miocene and despite a high degree of scatter, they corroborate relationships expected from the internal ooidal stratigraphy: For individual ooids, the ages from haematitic core are older than or indistinguishable from the ages of the surrounding goethitic cortex. The goethitic cortices are, in turn, older than the ferruginised wood fragments recovered from the cementing goethitic matrix.The data suggest the following succession of ore formation phases:• Haematitic cores in ooids of both samples formed in the Early to Middle Miocene.• Goethitic cortices of both samples formed in the late Middle to early Late Miocene. This appears to be the age of goethite cortex formation regardless of depth in the core, which does not support the top-down infill model, genetic model proposed by Heim et al (2006).• Wood fragments form a prominent component of the matrix and were ferruginised during the Late Miocene. Thus the data suggest that the unique environmental conditions for the CID formation existed during the Miocene.A methodological implication of this study is that the temperature utilised for He-extraction from iron oxides has a critical impact on the mobility of parent nuclides. The typical ~1100°C laser heating used for crystalline minerals like apatite or zircon induces loss of U and Th and results in erroneously old ages.

Jul 11, 2011

By J L. Merritt

Contour banks and waterways are standard soil conservation measures to assist farmers reduce the impact of gully erosion on sloping cropping land by reducing the slope length to the interval between the banks. The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) developed by the USA Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service in 1930s predicts the long-term average annual soil loss (A).The equation is the product of the rainfall erosivity factor (R), the soil erodibility factor (K), the topographic factors of slope length and angle (L and S) and the cropping management factors (C and P). Contour banks reduce the slope length (L) only.Contour banks are a constructed earth embankment, incorporating a channel on the upslope side, typically traversing a slope on or close to the contour to control and/or prevent the erosion of that slope. The banks are also referred to as graded banks, terraces, or bunds (DSITI 2015). Contour banks are either broad based or narrow based. Broad based banks allow the passage of the machinery over the banks whilst narrow based bank batters are too steep preventing the passage of machinery. Waterways are a stable, longitudinally sloping water disposal area of sufficient capacity used to discharge surplus runoff from the contour bank and to allow it to flow to a lower level without causing erosion (DSITI 2015).The mining industry must decide what the role for contour banks and waterways is in each operation’s rehabilitation and closure plan.CITATION:Merritt, J L, 2018. Contour banks in spoil rehabilitation – a matter of timing, in Proceedings Life-of-Mine 2018, pp 147–149 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).

Jul 25, 2018

By Lawson F

The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy is a society of engineers and scientists formed in 1893 (incorporated by Royal Charter in 1955) to advance science and engineering in the mineral industries, and to facilitate the exchange of information and ideas to enhance the professional excellence of its members. The Institute has several grades of members. The professional members are linked with Student and Company Members, as well as an Affiliate grade covering other professionals and non-professionals with experience in the mineral industry. The diverse group covers all sections of the mineral industry, from exploration through production to marketing of minerals and petroleum. Corporate (professional) membership also covers science and engineering professionals from specialisms other than the "traditional" ones in geosciences, mining and petroleum engineering and metallurgy. The Institute has Branches throughout Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea and Oceania, whose activities complement the corporate occasions arranged for the benefit of all members by Headquarters in Melbourne. Members are drawn from all sections of the industry - private enterprise, government, research, education, and the support sector, including consultancies, manufacturers and suppliers. Membership of The Institute allows professionals to contribute to their profession through participation in The Institute's seminars and conferences, its many committees and Branch meetings, and through contribution to its many high standard publications. The Institute is the main body for the accreditation of professionals in the minerals industry. The activities of The Institute are directed towards the achievement of professional excellence. It provides opportunitites for contact with, and professional support from, colleagues, and the interchange of information on the latest industry developments.

Jan 1, 1989