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By V. Prasad, A. Afacan, K. Popli, S. Dubljevic

Froth flotation is one of the most common and widely used separation processes in the mineral processing industry; however, its complexity means that complete understanding of the process has not yet been achieved. A dynamic fundamental model is needed to enhance the understanding of the process and to improve process control. It is challenging to capture all the phenomena involved; hence, we propose a multiscale modeling approach with a framework ranging from macroscopic (equipment scale) to microscopic (attachment, detachment) models along with distribution models for ore particle sizes. Real-time froth properties are obtained using a vision-based sensing system. These measurements can be used for developing a soft sensor for grade using statistical methods such as PCR (principal component regression) and PLS (partial least squares) regression. The fundamental model is updated in real-time using extended Kalman filtering. Attachment dynamics are studied for different particle size distributions. The modeling and soft sensing is tested on batch flotation cell for the pure mineral galena with different particle size distributions using Xanthate and MIBC as collector and frother, respectively. The model, online measurements and soft sensor are useful in developing monitoring methods for froth flotation.

Jan 1, 2015

By S. M. J. Mirazimi, F. Rashchi

Recovery of vanadium from LD (Linz-Donawits) converter slag was evaluated by means of microbial leaching. Vanadium leaching was performed in two stages. In the first stage, the bacteria were grown in a culture medium and in the second stage; vanadium containing slag was added to the metabolites produced by bacteria. Bioleaching was performed using heterotrophic bacteria Pseudomonas Putída. Control tests without bacteria inoculation were also performed and the results were compared with bioleaching outcomes. Optimal conditions for the bioleaching of vanadium containing slag were determined.

Jan 1, 2011

By W. M. Scheding

"There has recently been a resurgence of interest in unit flotation of mill discharges. At the Kidd Creek concentrator, this technique has been successfully applied to silver flotation in a 3050 mtpd silver-copper-lead-zinc division. The major incentive has been improved silver payment through increased overall recovery and better distribution between the sequential copper, lead and zinc concentrates. A large, but variable fraction of the silver in the ore is present as native silver and, being dense and malleable, is susceptible to overgrinding. Grinding circuit surveys showed high concentrations of silver in both primary and secondary circulating loads. Laboratory testwork confirmed that this was selectively flotable, identified the secondary ball mill discharge as the best feed stream and optimized flotation conditions. A 10 t/h pilot plant campaign confirmed that the rate of accumulation of silver was sufficient to sustain continuous production of a silver concentrate and that flotation of the whole stream was not necessary.The present 30 t/h production circuit recovers from 5 to 50% of the silver in the ore at a concentration ratio between 25 and 250. The circuit also contributes to a better understanding of ore mineralogy, as an 'on-line' indicator of elemental silver content."

Jan 1, 1985

By Hugh S. Spence

This paper deals with an occurrence of radium ore near Wilberforce, Haliburton county, Ontario, upon which development work has recently been undertaken and which seems more likely to prove of commercial grade than any other deposit' of radioactive minerals hitherto found in Canada. This occurrence is sometimes called the Richardson property, after Mr. W. M. Richardson, the discoverer, and will be so referred to in the present paper. Occurrences of radioactive minerals are not uncommon in eastern Canada, and a number are recorded in the literature. The earliest of such references is probably that in Geology of Canada, 1863, where is mentioned an occurrence of uraninite at Mamainse, on the east shore of lake Superior. The mineral was first described by J. L. Leconte, in 1847, under the name of coracite, and was said to occur in a two-inch vein at the contact of trap and syenite. Search for this locality in recent years has proved unsuccessful. Obalski, in 1894, mentions (1) the occurrence of uraninite at a mica mine near Murray Bay, Que. In 1903, Obalski records (2) tests made on this uraninite by Rutherford and the Curies and the determination in it of the then newly-discovered element radium. In 1901, he mentions (3) the occurrence of uraninite at the Villeneuve mica mine, on the Lievre river, and of samarskite at the Maisonneuve mica mine, in Berthier county.

Jan 1, 1930

By G. E. Agar, J. J. Barrett

"Traditionally, batch bench-scale flotation tests have been used for evaluating flotation reagents by comparing the results of tests done with various additions of the reagent in question. Usually, comparisons are made of the concentrate grade and recovery or some figure of merit involving an empirical combination of both. In some cases, statistical methods have been used to make the comparison and even to identify optimal combinations of reagents.None of the preceding technology utilizes the fact that flotation separations can be described by relatively simple kinetic equations that will serve not only to quantitatively describe the influence of a reagent, but will also aid in designing an optimal separation procedure. Examples of the use of a first-order rate equation for evaluating the impact of a reagent addition and for optimizing the reagent addition are given.IntroductionThe classical method of evaluating flotation reagents is to conduct batch bench-scale tests while varying one factor at a time. Some of the shortcomings of this technique have been pointed out and statistical design and evaluation of experiments has been advocated. Although the statistical approach is superior to the one-at-a-time method, it still is dependent on the results of a batch test conducted for a specific duration.That flotation is primarily a rate process than can be described by a first-order rate equation has been recognized for a long time, but the application of this knowledge to the evaluation of reagents has received little attention. In this work, it is demonstrated how the parameters of the first-order rate equation can be utilized to evaluate the influence of reagents on flotation."

Jan 1, 1983

By W. Wallace

The aerospace industry celebrated 100 years of powered flight in 2003, and the remarkable achievements that have occurred during the past 100 years are in no small way due to major developments in materials. Modern alloys for airframes, engines and other major sub-systems have evolved through the intelligent application of new processing concepts involving melting, casting, hot and cold working, heat treatment and more recently vapour phase processing. Alloy design has evolved in parallel to allow maximum benefits to be achieved from these processing advances. However, the pace of development seems to be slowing and future gains are likely to be made by learning how to extract major value from aerospace assets. Understanding the modes of deterioration and establishing cost effective lifetimes by holistic life cycle management seem to be the way of the future. Extending component lifetimes by repair, rejuvenation and refurbishment are all viable possibilities and they offer great opportunities for Canada, which, traditionally, has been a major user of modern aerospace materials rather than a supplier. The challenges for metallurgist, physicists and engineers will be no less than in the past and should create new business opportunities for Canada. The scenario described above will be developed by calling upon examples drawn from the author's experience.

Jan 1, 2004

By D. Adiguzel

In this research, providing the sustainability of production quality was aimed for a quarry which is located in Istanbul western part of Turkey and producing concrete aggregates with different types of rock. First, research field was divided in 3 different areas in accordance with the geological differences and parameters that control their product quality, limit values of standards and effect levels were determined. Concrete aggregate conformity tests which are stated in international standards were applied on samples which were taken from these 3 different areas and physical, geometric and chemical properties of each rock type were revealed. The properties of the 3 different types of rock which were produced in the quary were determined and the binary blends were composed. Blending studies were conducted with linear programming technique. In the linear programming model, the cost of aggregate production was aimed to be minimal. The limit values that meet literature and national standards for usability of aggregates in concrete were defined as constraints in the linear programming model and evaluated with objective functions, thus the most suitable aggregate blends were composed. In conclusion, to provide the sustainability of product quality, the most appropriate product blends were composed for the research field and the usability of this model for those quarries were revealed.

Aug 1, 2013

By M. Cossette, P. C. A?tcin

At present there is considerable confusion in the asbestos industry with regard to density and porosity measurements of asbestos. In order to clarify the situation, various notions of porosity and density are defined by means of simple schemes and clear symbols are proposed to denote them. An experimental procedure is then preposed and outlined, which is based upon Archimedes' principle. Experimental conditions at each stage of the method are explained clearly in order to minimize the opportunity for errors. Finally, the results of a study on the porosity and density of asbestos minerals having various characteristics are presented.

Jan 1, 1972

By F. W. Gray

Foreword: It is not my purpose, in this address, to write the history of the Geological Survey of Canada, which has from time to time been reviewed by the officers of the Survey itself, and by men more competent than myself to handle so large a subject, but rather to set out some of the reasons for the regard in which the Survey is held by our Institute, the body best qualified to speak for the mining men of Canada. And, a further purpose is to publish the desire of our Institute that the work of the Survey shall be maintained at the highest pitch of efficiency the resources of our country. will permit, because to scrimp expenses on the Survey is 'to save at the spigot and lose at the bunghole." A historical examination of the grounds on which it may be asserted the Geological Survey has been, and still is, of fundamental economic value to our country, discloses a prescience on the part of the forefathers of Canada, calling for our admiring gratitude, and reveals a unanimity among the real leaders of Canadian thought, on the value of geological knowledge, that is impressive in its continuance dawn to this date. There seems always to have been before our people the realisation that large stretches of Canada are unfitted for agricultural settlement, and that our glaciated areas, the barrens and tundra of the North, and our extensive mountain ranges, had promise of compensating mineral content which the geologist and the prospector, labouring together through the years, would disclose. The Geological Survey is one of Canada's oldest public services, distinguished by an unimpaired tradition of honourable and useful labour. Founded in 1843, under William Edmond Logan, not yet 'Sir William', one year after the Act of Union, it was directed by him until 1869, or into the early years of Confederation, so that the early years .of the Survey were also, politically, the formative years of Canada, as we know her today.

Jan 1, 1932

By John H. Nicholls

In this paper, Imperial Oil Limited reports briefly on the drilling by contract rigs of twenty-nine slim holes in the Virden, Smiley, and Souris Valley areas. The investigations showed that slim-hole penetration rates, as a result of careful control of drilling variables, can approach those achieved with 7 7/8-inch bits. It is concluded that slim-hole drilling is acceptable for development or exploratory work. Imperial also reports on the completion techniques and equipment that have been developed on twenty-seven tubingless 2 1/2-inch casing completions. Indications are that the method is economically desirable where excessive gas or water production is not anticipated.

Jan 1, 1958

By C. T. Harper, B. J. Fryer, R. P. Taylor

"IntroductionThe Maurice Bay deposit is one of a number of uranium deposits that have been found in recent years in the Athabasca Basin of northern Saskatchewan (Tremblay, 1982). This deposit, along with the others, belongs to the unconformity type deposits (Beck, 1977). They are, for the most part, polymetallic, being characterized by a suite of metals which include U, Ni, Co, Cu, Pb, Zn, Mn, V, Ag, Au, Pt-group elements, S, As, Bi, Se, Te, and Mo, some of which, besides U, are present in economic concentrations (Amok, 1974; Ruzicka, 1975; Tapaninen, 1976; Hoeve and Sibbald, 1978; Dahlkamp, 1978). The Maurice Bay deposit was known to be a small low grade deposit in which the ore was essentially monomineralic, consisting mainly of pitchblende (Harper, 1978). However, the occurrence of trace amounts of some of the elements common in the larger polymetallic ore bodies (e.g. Key Lake, Cluff Lake D) was anticipated. Thus a lithogeochemical sampling project was undertaken in 1979 across part of the Maurice Bay deposit (Harper, 1979). Major oxides (SiO2, Al2O3, FeO, Fe2O, MgO, CaO, K2O, Na2O, MnO, P2O5, and TiO2) and a group of the most common trace metals (U, Ni, Co, Cu, Pb, As, Au, V, and Se) were analyzed to determine whether any elemental patterns (halos or depletions) could be detected which would reduce the number of pathfinder elements needed for exploration purposes. In addition to the above metals, Th was also checked because some conglomerate strata in the Maurice Bay area are known to be thorium-enriched (Harper, 1978). Only the trace metal distributions will be discussed in detail in this report.General GeologyThe Maurice Bay area is underlain by three major groups of rocks, the White Lake metamorphic complex, an unnamed granodiorite complex, and the Athabasca Group, described previously (Fig. 1; Harper, 1979). Table 1 summarizes the stratigraphic features as deduced by geological mapping and the examination of drill cores."

Jan 1, 1986

By T. A. Lazier, C. S. Longley

"Paymaster Consolidated Mines, Limited, owns several groups of claims in various parts of the Porcupine district. The area in which mining has been carried on includes parts of lots 5, 6, and 7, con. 1, Tisdale township, and twelve adjoining claims in Deloro township to the south. Highway No. 67A between South Porcupine and Timmins crosses the property.The discovery of the Dome mine in 1909 caused a rush of prospectors to the district and in a few weeks practically all territory adjacent to the Dome was staked. At that time work was started on the West Dome, West Dome Lake, Apex, and Standard properties. These were consolidated in 1930 to form the present Company. Gold was produced from the West Dome Lake from 1915 to 1930, and from the Standard-Paymaster from 1922 to 1928. The total production of the previous and present companies from 1915 to November 30, 1946, has been 487,170 oz. gold and 149,342 oz. silver from 2,337,554 tons of ore."

Jan 1, 1954

By D. M. Doyle

"The Strathcona Concentrator operations, the application of control systems in the crushing, flotation and tailing fill sections, and current and future computer control concepts are described in this paper.The computer has been used for reporting and monitoring roles and operating the on-stream analyzer since start up of the mill in 1968, while over the past twenty months, it has been used for process control. The systems which have been developed include:1. The blending of pentlandite concentrate with pyrrhotite concentrate to produce a special product of constant nickel analysis.2. The blending of cement with tailing fill to produce backfill of consistent cement content.3. The supervisory control of xanthate, frother and pH to the flotation circuits to maintain the nickel copper concentrate grade within narrow limits.IntroductionThe Strathcona Concentrator is currently treating 7,200 tons per day of an ore which contains nickel associated with the minerals pentlandite (28 -32% Ni) and pyrrhotite (0.3 -1.0% Ni). The ratio of the nickel minerals varies from 4 to 15 parts of pyrrhotite to 1 part of pentlandite over the orebody. The production of a high grade concentrate re4uires the separation of this small quantity of .oentlandite from the much greater proportion of pyrrhotite and gangue and is complicated by the presence of two pyrrhotite minerals differing in nickel content, floatability and magnetic susceptibility."

Jan 1, 1974

By J. A. Espinosa-Guillen, J. A. Lopez-Molina, S. García, J. A. Valencia-Quintanar

"The design and implementation of grouting treatments in rock masses are procedures that require continuous adjustment of parameters and criteria to optimize the results. In this proposal we describe a set of tools that enhance decision-making for this type of jobs particularly in dam projects. The methodology is focused on hydrogeological zoning of the site and its constant update combining engineer’s experience with artificial intelligence techniques to integrate the site knowledge; as well as the evaluation of grouting results for different scrutiny scales, with special attention on the relationship between water absorption and grout consumption. INTRODUCTIONSeveral methodologies for design, implementation and evaluation for grouting rock masses have been developed for the solution of specific problems and tested in diverse geological conditions. Each of these methodologies is focused on results evaluation for different scrutiny scales (Table 1) and is employed to assist decision-making before or during the grouting process.Some methods define specifications for grouting each stage of the borehole, making theoretical, semi empirical or experience-based considerations to define basic parameters as maximum pressure, maximum volume, grouting time, flow rate, etc. Ultimately each approach aim to optimize the injection process, adjusting volumes or the grouting time required to obtain satisfactory results, reducing risk of creating new flow paths or unnecessary grout travels, and enhancing the mixture properties to achieve adequate penetrability and long-term behaviour. Some of these criteria have been widely used in dam projects, for example the concept of Grouting Based on Facts to define the maximum pressure and volume (Ewert, 1997), the GIN method (Lombardi & Deere, 1993; El Tani, 2012), or the North American standards based on Apparent Lugeon measures (Naudts, 1995; Bruce 2011); on the other hand, there are relatively new criteria that have shown good results for dam grouting as the Aperture Control Method (Bonin et al., 2012; Carter et al., 2012) or the Real Time Grouting Control Method (Stille et al., 2012)."

Jan 1, 2015

Operations and maintenance departments have had a long-standing adversarial relationship. The widespread evolution and adoption of modern management techniques, such as reliability centered maintenance (RCM) and Lean, however, has driven interest in working co-operatively to optimize overall plant performance. Mining and minerals operations have long adopted RCM in maintenance and are now adopting Lean throughout organizations. Such modern management initiatives explicitly call for co-operation between the two disciplines of maintenance and production and many advances have been made in terms of people and methodology. One area that has lagged behind in supporting these developments, however, is information systems. Enterprise asset management (EAM) systems in maintenance and newer manufacturing execution systems (MES) in operations have not been truly integrated in the needed ways. Complicated plants, different software architectures, continually changing conditions and many other variables have led to systems problems, which have contributed to the maintenance/operations divide. Master data synchronization (the plant tree) and integrated reporting of real-time data with transactional data are just two of the issues that are being solved by new approaches in information technology, including web services and service orientated architectures. New technologies are coming on-stream to enable the final bridging of the gap.

Jan 1, 2009

By J. ?H. Chen

Remote sensing technologies have been applied to numerous fields and already benefited those in improving efficiency and recognition accuracy. Change of streamflow can be devastating to residents living along riversides. Still it is difficult to detect such deathly change in large area scale by traditional field surveys. The research aims at provision of detecting streamflow change using a mathematic method based on remote sensing technologies. The scope is on remote sensing stream images taken during the invasion by Typhoon Morakot, bringing one of the major catastrophes to Taiwan. An algorithm was adopted to deal with streamflow recognition on RGB images. The algorithm is capable of yielding change measured by meters and illustrates how main streams shift. An practical example for the Baolai area surrounded by Laonong stream shows that the streamflow moved 88 meters (36 pixels) toward the downtown area during the invasion by Typhoon Morakot. In addition, the results highlight all dangerous zones (scouring zones) for residents to prevent further potential damage.

Aug 1, 2013

By F. L. Pellet, S. Maiolino

"The determination of rock bolt contribution to reinforced joint shear strength is still a challenge, especially for assessing reinforced rock mass stability. For this purpose, several experimental studies have been performed during the last decades, mostly on small scale rock joint and bolt specimens. However, to accurately assess the rock bolt contribution, scale effect has to be accounted for. For this reason full scale lab tests are required as an alternative to in situ tests for which boundary conditions are more difficult to control.In this paper the results of an experimental program carried out with a large shear box, dedicated to test bolts in full scale conditions is presented. Different rock bolt diameters and different rock bolts inclination with respect to the shear plane were tested Experimental results were satisfactorily compared with an analytical model which is able to compute the contribution of the rock bolt to the shear strength of the joint as well the associated displacement of the joint. These conclusions allows us to validate the model in order to help the designer of reinforced rock engineering structures, such as slope or underground openings, to precise the optimum installation of rock bolts. INTRODUCTIONFully grouted rock bolts are commonly used for rock masses reinforcement to ensure the stability of rock slopes and underground cavities. For this purpose, the determination of rock bolt contribution to reinforced joint shear strength is of the utmost importance. During the last decades, several experimental studies have been performed to investigate the behavior of bolted rock joint. For obvious reasons, almost all the experiments were achieved on small scale bolted rock joint specimens (Bjurström, 1974; Azuar, 1977; Dight, 1983; Egger & Fernandes, 1983; Schubert, 1984; Spang & Egger, 1990; Egger & Zabuski, 1991). These studies made it possible to assess the influence of different parameters such as the bolt’s diameter, the number of bolts, the angle between the bolt and the joint, the nature of the rock, the friction and the dilatation angle of the joint. However, to accurately assess the rock bolt contribution, scale effect has to be accounted for (Vallier et al., 2010). For this reason full scale lab tests have been performed as an alternative to in situ test for which boundary conditions are more difficult to control."

Jan 1, 2015

By A. L. Craven, J. P. L. Bacharach, D. B. Stewart

"Inert gas use for underground mine fir e control is a well-established mature technology in some parts of the world. This paper reviews three candidate inert gases and describes three case histories where inert gas fire-fighting technology was used in actual underground fires.IntroductionInerting is the introduction of an inert gas into an atmosphere in contact with a fire to reduce the level of oxygen and hence the intensity of the fire 10 the point of extinction. The benefits of inerting include:a. Reduced Explosion HazardBy displacing oxygen from the atmosphere surrounding the fire the risk of secondary gas explosions is reduced. For example, simple methane-air mixtures at standard temperature and pressure are non-explosive below 12% oxygen. In actual mine fires, combustible gases may include hydrogen and carbon monoxide as well as methane. Such gases are also rendered non-explosive with oxygen removal to below 40/0. Fuel-rich oxygen-deficient mixtures can however be made explosive through dilution with air. Such dilution can occur downwind of the fire. It is also important to remember that the atmosphere in a sealed-off fire zone is rarely homogenous.b. Reduced Fire Intensity and SpreadIn a fire zone the initial combustion may well set alight materials surrounding the fire. Inerting can reduce the intensity and spread of secondary combustion and can cool the area surrounding the fire zone after the fire itself has been extinguished.c. Reduced Air LeakageLeakage of air into sealed areas in excess of the natural leakage may be reduced either by introducing inert gas into the leakage paths to replace air or by pressure balancing seals and providing a chamber of nitrogen on the outbye side of the seals. Both methods assist in the reduction of the intensity of combustion and hasten oxygen starvation."

Jan 1, 1986

By Brian Hart, Roger St. C. Smart, James Francis, Mark Biesinger

"There are a number of challenges involved with the surface analyses of different mineral phases from process streams in a flotation facility. The first of course is to collect samples that are representative of the process and to ensure that they remain in a pristine condition prior to introduction into the instrument. In mineral processing, sample collection from the different streams is done on site and preservation involves simply removing oxygen from the sample by bubbling nitrogen or argon gas through the sample and snap freezing with dry ice.The second challenge in studying the surface chemistry of specific minerals is to find reliable methods of mineral phase recognition. In surface analysis of mineral particles confident mineral selection can be difficult with many multi-metal minerals (e.g. chalcopyrite, pyrite, sphalerite) and with precipitated, adsorbed, reacted and contaminant species in the outermost molecular layers.In this paper we show that principal components analysis (PCA) of ToF-SIMS data provides improvement in phase recognition, particle selection and associated variations in surface species. We will demonstrate, with specific examples, that this technique can be utilized to differentiate surface chemical factors promoting (hydrophobic species) or inhibiting (hydrophilic species) flotation.Species recognition based on the PCA method in a study of Cu transfer between chalcopyrite, pyrite and sphalerite mineral mixture clearly identified a statistical difference in copper intensities between the sphalerite and pyrite phases. A similar ToF-SIMS/PCA based study applied to concentrate and tails samples collected from the Inco Matte Concentrator demonstrated extensive CuOH and NiOH transfer between the chalcocite and heazlewoodite minerals. The statistical analysis has been able to confirm some mechanisms and deny others proposed to control recovery and selectivity giving more focus on the control factors.The ToF-SIMS PCA statistical analysis has elucidated differences in surface chemistries which illustrate the discriminating depressant action of adherent aluminosilicate (gangue) fine particles and adsorbed ions on the surface of sphalerite grains. In the flotation test concentrates, HIC conditioning resulted in the removal of these gangue fines thereby improving surface collector attachment efficiency, promoting a greater recovery of sphalerite."

Jan 1, 2007

By M. A. Vasina, I. A. Matveeva, E. A. Naumova, V. V. Doroshenko, N. A. Belov

"Using the calculated (Thermo-Calc software) and experimental methods (SEM, TEM, EMPA, DSC, XRD, etc.) the phase composition, structure and hardening of aluminium alloys of the Al-Ca-Zn-Mg system were studied in the following range: 2. 5%Mg, up to 10% Ca, and up to 14% Zn (wt%). Fragments of this quaternary phase diagram in the aluminium corner were constructed, including the liquidus surface, as well as some vertical sections. It was shown that the relatively large amount of zinc enters in the Ca-containing phase, which formula can be described as (Al,Zn)4Ca. An increase of Zn content leads to formation of Al4Ca primary crystals at lower concentrations of calcium. The eutectic (Al)+(Al,Zn)4Ca has a fine structure and aluminide particles are capable to spheroidization during the heat treatment at temperature 500 C. The maximal level of hardness observed on calcium containing alloys was higher than 200 HV, what gives the reason to expect good strength properties. With an example of an Al-9% Zn-2,5%Mg-3,5% Ca model experimental alloy based on the (Al)+(Al,Zn)4Ca eutectic, a principal possibility of manufacturing thin rolled sheets was demonstrated.INTRODUCTION Aluminum alloyed with calcium was first studied in 1970-80s by such authors as Piatti (1976), Moore (1978, 1980), Il'enko (1985), Swaminathan (1990), and Perez-Prado (1997) as superplastic materials. In particular, the alloy systems Al-Ca-Zn were studied (Il'enko, 1985, Swaminathan, 1990, Perez-Prado, 1997). For some time there was no new published works concerning the aluminum-calcium alloys. During the last years many works were published dedicated to the calcium alloying of magnesium alloys (Kim, 2011; Xu, 2011; Aljarrah, 2008; Bakhsheshi, 2014). This urged the authors (Belov, Naumova & Akopyan, 2016) to start studying cast and wrought aluminum-calcium alloys for construction (2008–2014). There is almost no information in the literature concerning triple and more complex diagrams of the aluminum-based system states with calcium and other elements. In recent work, parts of the state diagrams are plotted for the aluminum angle zone: Al-Ca-Mg-Sc (Belov, Naumova & Bazlova, 2016), Al-Ca-Ni-Sc (Belov, Naumova & Bazlova, 2017), Al-Ca-Si-Sc (Belov, Naumova & Akopyan, 2017) and others. Special attention was paid to the study of the system Al-Ca-Zn-Mg (Naumova, 2017). Based on this system creation of advanced extra-high tensile alloys is planned. Wrought extra-high tensile alloys series 7??? based on the system Al-Zn-Mg-Cu are well studied."

Jan 1, 2018