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By Chas Kemsley

NO. 6 shaft at Dome Mines, Limited, is an internal shaft going down vertically from the sixteenth, or 2,000-ft., level to the twenty-ninth, or 4,000-ft., level, with loading station and sump below this. It is located approximately 4,600 feet east of No. 3 shaft, the latter being Dome's main shaft through which ail ore, men, and material are handled. The decision to sink this shaft was made in May, 1935, and work was commenced almost immediately. To reach the site of the new shaft, 3,100 feet of cross-cutting, and 1,400 feet of slashing to widen existing cross-cuts, was necessary. On account of the long haul and the large amount of material to be handled, trolley haulage was decided upon and installed as soon as possible to facilitate the removal of waste rock from the crosscut and other necessary excavations. Figure 1 shows a cross-section of the cross cut and the manner in which the trolley wire is supported and guarded. For hanging each individual cross-piece, two holes are drilled into the roof and filled with snug-fitting wooden plugs. Into these, %-in. ragged hanger bolts arc driven by means of a stoper. The bolts are of various lengths to allow for irregularities in the face of the rock, and they have sufficient thread to permit several inches of adjustment for proper alignment of the cross-pieces. These hangers are spaced at 8-ft. intervals except at the curves, where 5-ft. spacing is used. A 2 in. by 6 in. cedar plank is fastened to the cross-pieces directly over the centre of the track. To this the trolley-wire supports are bolted, and 1 in. by 10 in. cedar boards are nailed on each side to act as guards. Two power-supply cables, one telephone cable, and one .Y2-in. conduit lighting circuit are also supported on the trolley-wire hangers, as shown in Figure 1. A 20-in. ventilating pipe and a 10-in. air line are placed as shown, thus acting as a guard to prevent workmen from walking on the track.

Jan 1, 1938

By Henry Smith, Stu Brown

"The Williams Mine is Canada's largest gold producer, with annual production of some 500 000 ounces of gold from two million tonnes of ore. Highly mechanized and automated underground mining practices are utilized at the property in order to help achieve high levels of productivity and the most cost-effective mining possible.Planning and design parameters for the underground ore handling system at the Williams Mine are described in this paper. Particular reference is made to the considerations that were built into the system to provide maximum operating flexibility through the use of multiple orepass systems, portable low profile jaw crushers, underground conveyors and automated hoisting equipment.IntroductionThe Williams Mine is situated in the Hernlo area of northwestern Ontario, approximately 40 Ian east of the town of Marathon (Fig. I). It is operated by the Williams Operating Corporation, which is owned equally by Teck Corporation and Corona Corporation, and is one of three adjacent properties forming the HernIo gold camp.The mine commenced operation in October 1985 at a nominal production rate of 3000 tpcd. Through an ongoing capital development program, winch was completed in late 1989, the production rate at the property was increased to its current level of 6000 tpcd. This paper describes the mine planning process and the evolution of current mining strategies with particular reference to the underground ore handling system .HistoryGold mineralization was discovered in 1944 in the Hemlo area of Northern Ontario, near the north shore of Lake Superior. A year later, 11 claims were staked over the showing and subsequently patented by the late Dr. Jack Kerr Williams.Over the next 35 years, other claims were subsequently staked, explored and abandoned in the immediate area of the 11 patented claims . In 1980 a predecessor of the Corona Corporation acquired claims adjoining the Williams property to the east. Drilling on this claim group started early in 1981 and intersected the Hemlo orebody in May of that year. In December 1981, Corona Corporation entered into an option agreement with Teck Corporation to explore and develop the property.A drilling program by LAC Minerals on the II patented claims discovered the Williams orebody in March 1982. The mine started production in 1985, pouring its first official bar of gold on December 6 of that year. Corona Corporation was awarded ownership of the Williams Mine conclusively by a decision of the Supreme Court of Canada on August 11, 1989. The court's ruling ended a legal dispute with LAC Minerals over the property initiated eight years earlier."

Jan 1, 1991

By Par G. Jönsson, Joachim von Scheele, D. S. Sarma, Mukul Goyal

Dust from flue gas cleaning systems at iron and steel production is frequently considered as a waste problem, but it is actually a potential raw material source. By using a technology like the oxyfuel based OXYFINES technique, it can be melted into a suitable form. The product from this processing, however, needs to meet the requirements of a recyclable raw material, here particularly a top-charged blast furnace feed. The present work has been focused on characterization of the product produced from these dusts by OXYFINES technology. The investigation has been carried out on samples of processed dusts from a European integrated steel mill. It was done by means of chemical analysis, density measurement, light optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive spectroscopy, and micro indention hardness measurement. Special attention was paid to the presence of zinc, an element that might be harmful while recycling the material (e.g., in a blast furnace). The results show that the product contains four different regions with different morphologies and properties in the material, which are discussed in detail. The overall conclusion is that by processing the dusts in this way, a raw material suitable for recycling in a blast furnace can be obtained.

Jan 1, 2004

"INTRODUCTION Secondary mine ventilation has been hamstrung by the availability of fans that satisfy many competing operational factors. The sometimes legislated requirement of adequate volume to the working face, the minimisation of excavation required to fit the selected secondary fan and the power requirements of various operational phases has, in the past, not been satisfied with just one system. The new system being introduced overcomes all these competing requirements in one simple unit with an added bonus of being very durable without loss of performance when wear occurs on the impeller. Existing Operational Situation Several studies (e.g., CIPEC, 2005; LCG Energy Management Group, 2009) have found that between 42% and 49% of mining energy costs are associated with mine ventilation, depending on the type of mine and the equipment used. If we then look at the general breakdown of installed power of the secondary fan to primary vent fans, the ratio is around 2:1. Thus the total energy costs of the secondary ventilation represents about 25% of the overall mining energy costs. It is of interest to note that the cost of running a typical two stage axial vs the cost of purchasing and general maintenance cost of the same fan over a 10 year period, the breakdown will be conservatively in the order of 40:1.The currently available secondary ventilation axial fan have one duty curve at any given time. Generally this can be changed manually within the motor power parameters but requires a minor outage and removal of the fan to do the pitch adjustments. As the bag vent ducts grow longer, the supplied air reduces to a point where inadequate air is supplied to the working face. This is exacerbated by underground equipment putting additional resistance in the heading and further reducing the supplied air at the working face. This shortfall is normally corrected by the installation of an additional fan in the system to overcome losses in the bag system but comes at a cost of production as the heading needs to be shutdown to install the second fan. This also means that the heading is supplied with excessive air on the shorter runs with a wastage of fan power."

Jan 1, 2019

By Eliodor Stoian

PRESSURE information has earned a place of recognition to almost everyone interested in oil and gas production. This interest is due chiefly to the multitude of uses to which it can be put. A sub-surface pressure test, conducted for as little as $60, may yield data worth many times its cost. To the uninformed, the testing techniques may seem complex. Fundamentally, however, they consist merely of the application of common sense. At one time, sub-surface pressure data were used only in identifying individual well problems and in finding appropriate solutions. Today, it is generally acknowledged that sub-surface pres-sure .data are essential for the proper evaluation and exploitation of oil and gas pools. The following is a review of significant applications of sub-surface data with regard to: (A).-Development (B) .-Completion and work-overs (C) .-Production (D) .-Reservoir engineering (E).-Proration (F) .Other applications of pressure data of a more general nature.

Jan 1, 1958

By Jun Shan

The preparation of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-monolayer-protected clusters (PNIPAM-MPC) of gold nanoparticles was carried out in a homogeneous phase using three ways, in which three types of PNIPAM ligands were employed. The first type comprised of PNIPAMs with narrow molar mass distributions, synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and thus, bearing a dithiobenzoate at the chain end. These polymers were used directly to passivate the gold nanoparticles upon the Schiffrin reaction in a one-pot synthesis. The second type of ligands was derived from the first one through hydrazinolysis, and they therefore contained a thiol end group. The third type of ligands was PNIPAMs obtained through conventional radical polymerization, post-modified to contain thiol end groups. The PNIPAM-MPCs were characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and by dynamic light scattering. The one-pot synthesis utilizing the ligands of the first type turned out to be a simple and facile method, compared with the other two ways, with which the size of the gold nanoparticles can be easily manipulated mainly by adjusting the molar ratios of PNIPAM / HAuCl4. PNIPAM is a more efficient ligand to stabilize the gold nanoparticles in water and in organic solvents than alkanethiols. The surface density of PNIPAM chains ranged from 1.8 to 3.6 chain/nm2, which is much lower than that typical for alkanethiols. The thickness of a PNIPAM monolayer bound to the gold core is somewhat larger than the size of the random coil of corresponding free PNIPAM in aqueous solution, which suggests that the conformation of a PNIPAM chain bound to the gold core is to extended.

Oct 1, 2003

By K. Szczesny

This paper considers the integration of uncertain real-time logistics data for reactive construction scheduling. In order to manage a construction project efficiently, an accurate schedule representing the current project progress is inevitable. The quality and up-to-dateness of such a schedule depends on the availability of real-time data. Typically, real-time logistics data contain information about the availability of material, equipment and personnel as well as delivery dates and site conditions. The accuracy and inherent uncertainty depends on the location where the real-time data was acquired. Currently, the integration of such data into a construction schedule is a very time-consuming, manual and, thus, errorprone process. Therefore, this paper proposes a methodology that enables an automatic integration of such uncertain data into construction schedules. By integrating uncertainties into the existing schedule their impacts on the construction work can be evaluated. For this, discrete event simulation is applied. In order to model uncertain input parameters for simulation models this methodology applies the fuzzy sets theory. In combination with alpha-cut sampling technique, discrete model input parameters are obtained. By applying reactive scheduling with several discrete event simulation experiments, the results can be used to modify construction schedules according to agreed timeframes and costs. In order to demonstrate and validate the presented approach an example is conducted.

Aug 1, 2013

By J. Oliver, B. Wilson, 10

"Red Dog is one of the world’s largest zinc producing mines and a significant producer of lead and silver. While some of the operational challenges relate to the mine’s location in a remote part of Alaska, there are also challenges in the mineral separation process. Recent processing upgrades have included the installation of two M5000 IsaMills to improve the zinc regrind circuit and of one Jameson Cell to improve the pre-flotation circuit. Relatively fine grinding is required to achieve efficient mineral separation at Red Dog, but while fine grinding aids in the production of high grade concentrates, it also creates challenges in the efficient recovery of fine minerals. Over half of the lead lost to the lead circuit tailings, as well as almost half of the zinc lost to the final tailings, is in the finer size fractions (<10 µm). The high pulp density experienced in the pre-flotation and lead rougher circuits also causes significant entrainment loss of lead and zinc to the pre-flotation concentrate and of zinc to the lead concentrate. To help improve fine mineral recovery, Red Dog has recently plant tested and installed magnetic conditioning technology in the flotation circuits. The equipment aggregates fine paramagnetic sulphides and selectively increases their flotation recovery. This paper outlines the testing and positive results at Red Dog.INTRODUCTIONRed Dog is the largest zinc mine in North America and represents approximately 29% of North American zinc concentrate production. The mine is located in northwest Alaska, approximately 100 miles north of the Arctic Circle and 50 miles inland from the Chukchi Sea. The remote location makes the mine accessible only by air or seasonally by ocean-going barges. Red Dog is a partnership between NANA Regional Corporation Inc, the land owner and Teck Alaska Incorporated, the operator of the mine. Red Dog Ore and Mineralogy The Red Dog deposit is a rich sedimentary exhalative (sedex) zinc-lead-silver deposit. The main minerals present in order of abundance are: quartz, sphalerite, pyrite, barite and galena. Production began in 1989 with mining of the Main deposit. Between 1989 and 2012, approximately 55.6 million tonnes of ore with an average grade of 20.5% Zn, 5.6% Pb, and 97 g/t Ag was mined from the Main deposit. Subsequent to the development of the Main pit reserve, two additional open pit deposits were discovered: Aqqaluk and Qanaiyaq. The first blast in Aqqaluk occurred on June 4, 2010. As of December 31, 2014, the Aqqaluk deposit reserve is an estimated 45.7 million tonnes of ore with an average grade of 15.1% Zn, 3.9% Pb and 71 g/t Ag."

Jan 1, 2016

By C. E. Baltzer

This paper highlights the electric power situation in Canada, and introduces brief explanation of the salient differences between electrical practice in the United States and Canada. The availability of bask energy in the two countries is touched on, also the hydro versus thermal outlook as applying to Canada. De-v2lopment of thermal-electric power is dealt with in some detail, followed by Canada&apos;s thermal-electric power requirements, present and future. The fuel requirements for steam-electric generating plant are assessed on the basis of a survey recently made, and the location and size of the major thermal plant operations are given. Fuel contractual obligations on the part ?of suppliers and consumers are mentioned. Finally, an opinion is expressed in regard to the types of f.uel in ?demand on a regional basis with emphasis on the need for coal in the several areas dealt with.

Jan 1, 1958

By C. Prévost, V. Leclerc, R. Pinto, M. Ruel

"A buffer’s ability to dampen production variations is directly related to its size. Small buffers cannot handle large variations in production, resulting in production losses when their inventory is depleted or saturated. This paper presents a predictive control algorithm used to regulate the inventory in a buffer of limited size, subject to large production variations caused by an upstream batch process. The algorithm was designed to manage the acid flow rates in an acid regeneration process, servicing batch leach reactors at Rio Tinto Fer et Titane, in Sorel-Tracy, Québec. The objective was to increase production by reducing equipment downtime caused by imbalances in the acid tanks servicing the leach reactors. The controller attempts to maintain acceptable acid tank volumes by optimizing the leach reactors acid/slag ratio and reaction time as a function of anticipated acid needs, all while maintaining product quality.INTRODUCTION Some beneficiation processes in extractive metallurgy require processing bulk material in batches. Typical examples of metallurgical beneficiation batch processes are smelting, leaching, electrowinning, elution and carbon-in-pulp. These processes are often situated midstream in an ore beneficiation flow sheet and either receive or transfer ore to continuous processes. Batch processes, by their very nature, introduce large variability in the flow sheet, because they process large finite quantities of material at nearly periodic time intervals. In order to dampen variations in production, various buffers–tanks and stockpiles–are utilized to accumulate ore upstream and downstream of batch processes. A buffer’s ability to dampen production variations is directly related to its size (Phillis & Gumede, 2011). Small buffers cannot handle large production variations, resulting in equipment downtime when their inventory is depleted or saturated (Everett, 2010, Berton et al., 2013). Consequently, the batch equipment production rates must be adequately managed to minimize production losses, attributed to depleted or saturated inventories, while maintaining product quality. Algorithms that anticipate or predict future production variations are often utilized to regulate buffer inventories, subject to large flow rate variations (Salvo et al., 2002; Bonvin, 2013). This paper presents a predictive control algorithm used to maintain an acceptable volume in a spent acid tank servicing several batch leach reactors. The algorithm is implemented at the acid leach plant of Rio Tinto Fer et Titane, in Sorel-Tracy, Québec."

Jan 1, 2017

By Robert B. Parsons

"Canada&apos;s mining industry has reason to celebrate the federal government&apos;s budget which was tabled on February 26, 1986. The budget contains an important proposal to improve the flowthrough share rules by effectively eliminating the investor&apos;s liability to third parties. This proposed rule change and other important budget proposals are the subject of this month&apos;s edition of Tax Notes. IntroductionWhile Finance Minister Michael Wilson&apos;s February 26, 1986 budget received a mixed reaction from business and labour leaders, the budget was mainly ""good news"" for the mining industry. A long-standing bugaboo in the flow-through share rules will be cleared up, a permanent set of rules will be installed for the tax treatment of Northern allowances, and limited partnerships will apparently be able to continue to serve a useful role in financing exploration programs. Flow-Through SharesThe present rules which apply to an investment in flow-through shares are structured in such a way that the relevant Canadian exploration expense (""CEE"") must be incurred by the investor, and not by the issuing corporation. Obviously, in the case of most flow-through share issues, this requirement that the investor incur the CEE poses a practical problem-the investor typically does not have the expertise or organization to incur the CEE. As a result, an integral part of most flowthrough arrangements is an agreement whereby the investor appoints another party (usually the issuing corporation) as his agent to spend the flow-through funds on CEE on his behalf. Although the issuing corporation might consequently be the party which actually spends the flow-through share funds on CEE, nevertheless the legal structure is such that the investor is the ""principal"" who is incurring the CEE. As such, the investor is legally responsible for any third-party claims with respect to the exploration program. Third-party liability might arise, for example, in the case of property damage, personal injury, environmental infractions, and so on."

Jan 1, 1986

By T. L. Carpenter

"The presence of excessive water in the Gibraltar East Stage 1 pit initiated studies into the ground-water conditions that might be expected in mining the Granite Lake and Pollyanna pits. Hydrologic information obtained from a pump test program in 1974 indicated that deep-well dewatering could be successfully achieved. In 1976, a deep-well dewatering system consisting of eight wells was installed on the periphery of the Pollyanna pit . it has been responsible for a significant decrease in mining costs.This paper presents a brief summary of the engineering principles involved in the design of the Gibraltar dewatering system and the problems encountered in the installation and operation of deep-well pumps. IntroductionGibraltar Mines is an open-pit copper-molybdenite mine located approximately 230 air miles north of Vancouver in the central interior of British Columbia (Fig. I). The property consists of three separate major orebodies; Gibraltar East, Granite Lake and Pollyanna (Fig. 2). Mining commenced during the summer of 1971, in the Gibraltar East Stage 1 pit. The Granite Lake Stage 1 pit was mined from mid 1974 to mid 1976. The Pollyanna Stage 1 pit is currently being mined and the Gibraltar East Stage 2 is being developed for production. This report is intended as an outline of the studies and tests leading up to and including the installation of the Pollyanna pit dewatering system, the problems encountered and the results obtained.GeneralIn the summer of 1973, mining in the Gibraltar East pit progressed below ""daylight"" on the down-hill side and ground water very quickly became a costly nuisance in the day-to-day mining operations. Mining, maintenance and blasting costs reflected these problems. Concern was also voiced about adverse effects of ground water on pit wall stability. This concern later became a reality in the Gibraltar East and Granite Lake pits. A study was initiated to investigate various methods and costs of dewatering the pit areas. The study included in-pit sumps, deep peripheral wells and a drainage gallery system located below the pits."

Jan 1, 1980

By Solar D. Andrés

Several large open pit mines are facing the challenge to design and plan an underground transition to sustain the long term future of their operations. The desired underground method is Block Cave since its natural high productivity and low operating cost that could compete against the open pit cost to mine the final open pit pushbacks. It has been found at several operations where this transition is taking place that the pit limit at which transition is performed is rather deep. This aims to think that perhaps several transition projects have started late in the life of an operation producing an over stress in the transition project and reducing the flexibility in the design of the overall infrastructure and a substantial lost in the complete project NPV. Traditionally the approach to plan open pit underground transition consists of sequentially deciding the final pit using a Lerchs and Grossman type of optimization to find the overall maximum pit shell and then running block cave simulations to find the best footprint for the underground option. The research summarized in this paper is related to the development of an integer linear programming model that aims to compute simultaneously the maximum NPV of the combined option final limit open pit and block cave underground footprint. The model has been tested using two large block models representing two of the current operations in the process of transiting from open pit to underground operations. Finally, the integrated open pit underground transition model is going to be compared to the traditional sequential approach in order to define which method achieves the best NPV. The paper illustrates both case studies in depth.

Oct 1, 2009

By B. Leonard

As of November 2012, the Alberta government listed 53 oil and gas, oil sands, and mining construction projects either proposed or currently under construction. These industrial plant construction projects have an estimated value greater than 105 million dollars. A common construction method employed for industrial plant projects is fast-track construction, which is used to reduce construction time. Contractors begin fast-track construction with highly generic scheduling information. This high level schedule turns into a lower level schedule as more detailed information becomes available. From a contractor?s perspective, a challenge faced using fast-track construction is the visualization of generic and constantly changing project schedules. This paper discusses the use of a Plant Information Modeling (PIM) system, designed to create a 4D animation to visualize project schedules for fast-track industrial plant construction projects. The proposed PIM system creates a modified project schedule by obtaining specific information from a generic construction schedule. Obtaining the information involves grouping schedule activities in accordance with the level of detail in a 3D model, and the level of detail in a project schedule. The modified project schedule is then used in conjunction with a 3D model to simulate the construction sequence in the form of a 4D animation. This allows for 4D visualization of project activities, installation dates, and crane movements. Furthermore, as engineering reaches completion, the PIM system creates a streamlined channel for schedule information updates to be easily uploaded into the model for a more accurate 4D visualization. Through analyzing a nonmodular construction case study, this paper discusses the successes and benefits of the PIM system for 4D visualization, such as increased productivity, shortened construction time, increased constructability, and decreased field costs.

Aug 1, 2013

By E. J. Marcotte

"INTRODUCTIONThe Upper Canada Mine is located at Dobie, approximately ten miles east of Kirkland Lake, Ontario.The mill contains Upper Canada's cyanide circuit and Upper Beaver's flotation circuit. The combined capacity is 590 tons per day consisting of 415 t.p.d. of Upper Canada gold ore and 175 t.p.d. of Upper Beaver copper-gold ore.The Upper Beaver ore is trucked five miles to the Upper Canada mine site.Crushing:The crushing circuit consists of primary, secondary and tertiary crushing employing one C .A. C. 15 in. x 24 in. Superior jaw crusher, one 4 ft. x 8 ft. Tyler-Niagara double deck screen, one 3 ft. Symons standard cone crusher and one 3 ft. Symons shorthead cone crusher.The -2 in. product from the jaw crusher is fed to the double deck screen. The+ 5/ 8 in. passes over the top deck to the 3 ft. standard cone crusher; the+ 3/ 16 in. material passes over the lower deck to the shorthead cone crusher. The - 3 / 16 in. material pas sing through the lower deck of screens is the product to the mill.The screens used prior to the installation of rubber screen cloths were: one 4 ft. x 4 ft. section with 3/ 4 in. square openings and one 4 ft. x 4 ft. section with 5/ 8 in. square openings on the top deck; two 4 ft. x 4 ft. sections with openings of 3/16 in. x 4 1/2 in. slot on the lower deck. The fine screens were positioned so that the 4 1/ 2 in. slots were parallel to the flow of feed.The crushing circuit is operated on a three shift per day basis by one operator per shift."

Jan 1, 1968

By P. J. van Staden

Several differences exist between the columns used for laboratory simulations of heap leaching and commercial heaps. Column walls support part of the weight of the ore and restrict the particle packing arrangements. Columns are typically of a diameter that is smaller than the dripper spacing to be used on the commercial heaps. The stacking practices that cause segregation and stratification on heaps are absent from columns. Intuitively, these physical differences would be expected to be the reasons behind the observed differences between column and heap leaching performance. But how can they be quantified, and what is the magnitude of the differences? Could some of these differences be built into column leaching experiments in order to better simulate commercial-scale heap leaching performance to ease the scale-up calculations from column leaching data? Alternatively, could heap construction practices be improved so that the ideal performance obtained in columns could be emulated on heaps? Data from a few heap leaching cases studies that permit direct comparisons between column and heap leaching performance is analysed, to reveal the extent of the differences in resistance to mass transfer. Discussion is provided on the implications for column and heap leaching practice, and for scale-up design procedures. INTRODUCTION Differences have been known to exist between leaching performance observed in laboratory columns and that of commercial-scale heaps. Both the heap leaching kinetics and finally achievable extent of extraction are generally found to be inferior in heaps compared to that achieved in columns. Heap leaching design engineers extrapolate the anticipated heap leaching performance by multiplying the time-axis of a column-leaching curve by a factor of about 2 and the extraction-axis by a factor of about 0.8, as explained by Jansen and Taylor (2002), Scheffel (2002), John (2011) and Scheffel, Guzmán, and Dreier (2016). The procedure is illustrated in Figure 1 by means of a hypothetical example. The solid line represents the leaching performance observed in a laboratory column, and the dashed line represents the anticipated leaching performance of a heap, extrapolated from the column leaching data using these empirical scale-up factors.

Jan 1, 2019

Deformation is a critical indicator required to evaluate the structural safety, stability, and integrity. For example, the deformed shape of a building structure is a key parameter that needs to be measured and tracked during laboratory testing or post-disaster inspections. However, existing techniques used for the deformation measurement and tracking do not have all the desirable characteristics, such as: reliability, accuracy, low-cost and simplicity of tools installation. In order to address this issue, a novel method has been proposed in this study. The method consists on using the image processing technique to automatically measure and track the deformations of concentrically braced frame (CBF) structures. Accordingly, the critical points in a CBF structure are first identified and the topological configuration of the structure is retrieved. The points and topological configuration characterize the basic shape of the structure. In this way, the deformation of the structure can be determined by measuring and tracking these points and their topological configuration. To show its effectiveness, the proposed method has been tested against the manual deformation measurements.

Aug 1, 2013

By Marcel Vallée

"This text consists of two parts, comments on "Classification and Reporting of Mineral Resources for High-Nugget Effect Gold Vein Deposits," by S.C. Dominy, P.R. Stephenson and A.E. Annels, Volume 10, No. 3, pp. 215-233, and related comments on some features of the JORC Code.This paper is, in many respects, a very elaborate and valuable account of the problems encountered in the estimation and classification of high-nugget gold deposits. However, in some key areas, it appears to fall short of its objective to help "resolve satisfactorily most issues" and "contribute to improved estimation and classification" (abstract). One must realize that high-nugget effect gold deposits constitute a very narrow field, despite the occasional bonanzas. This is a field of mostly smaller sized deposits, where limited success and a significantly higher rate of failure occur relative to larger deposits of mostly lower grade. This is shown by the six deposits described in the paper. Thanks for contributing to greater understanding of these complex and nevertheless challenging deposits."

Jan 1, 2002

By J. K. Van Beek

The Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory (DUSEL) is a scientific facility that will be placed in the deeper reaches of the Homestake mine, Lead, SD. Our team of geologists and engineers is carrying out the first scientific project awarded to the site ? Towards a Transparent Earth. Taking advantage of the thousands of open exploratory and sand-line holes, we are installing the beginnings of a seismic observatory. Each installed station consists of a 3-D accelerometer package and a 1 nanoradian 2-D tilt meter. In order to allow for a variety of monitoring and characterization studies, the array instruments are sensitive over the frequency bandwidth of 0.2 - 1 KHz. Three, three component accelerometer stations are currently installed ? in a 140 m deep bore beneath the slurry pump house, and in 12 m deep bores on the 2000-foot level, 800 and 400 m from the Ross shaft. There is a tilt-meter installed at each 2000 level station. These installations are in 150 mm diameter sand-holes. From the currently installed tilt sensors we are investigating solid earth deformation as a response to tidal potential. The accelerometers are being used to locate and characterize events associated with mine dewatering and rehabilitation.

May 1, 2009

By D. S. Harries, R. I. L. Guthrie

"The use and development of scientific disciplines involved in heat transfer technology, related in general to steel masses and in particular to batch annealing, is demonstrated.The measurable benefits of cooperation are tabled; on industry&apos;s side, this includes a 10 to 20 per cent decrease in annealing time, and a corresponding higher productivity potential. The returned benefits to the academic engineer include the development and refinement of new computer algorithms related to heat transfer mechanisms.IntroductionThe object of this discussion is not really to describe an improvement in the batch annealing operation, but to use the project as an example of joint work between industry and the academic field. Both parties have derived a number of substantial benefits. These benefits will be listed, of course, but the batch anneal project will be used just as a typical example of cooperation. Why it happened will be explained, what actually happened will be described and finally some thoughts about areas in the field of heat transfer, where cooperation will continue in the future, will be highlighted. The paper will close with a message.Industry OverviewAt the outset, perhaps it should be understood that, in general, the Research Department at Dofasco believes that the universities and their staff are not destined for the problem-solving role in industry. Its opinion is that the university staff is best suited to the gathering and dissemination of knowledge. There are other more professional problem solvers for industry, including the steel industries&apos; own individual investigation groups. Dofasco, therefore, looks to its academics for consultation. It benefits by bouncing ideas off them, and through rubbing shoulders with them in such a way that their knowledge can be tapped, and thus establish more effective scientific routes. In addition, the younger and brighter engineer s can broaden their scope through the intellectual contact with experts. The university professors can, it is believed, benefit through closer contacts with result-orientated research. They can also develop an appreciation of the fiscal control necessary for industrial investigations, without government subsidies, grants, etc., and with massive overheads."

Jan 1, 1982