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Jan 1, 1992

By Jeongbok Seo

This paper describes successful application of driven tapered-steel-pipe piles for two large-scale projects in the New York metropolitan area: Rego Park Mall, Rego Park, N.Y. and 164 Kent Avenue, Brooklyn, N.Y. The combination of side friction and end bearing resistance produced by tapered-steel-pipe piles has been well-recognized as greater than the side friction and end bearing resistance by pipe piles. Forty-four tapered piles were driven and tested at these two sites. Design pile load for the two sites was 260 kips for Rego Park Mall and 400 kips and 300 kips for 164 Kent Avenue. To measure the pile-drive hammer efficiency, the compressive stress in the pile, and to estimate the ultimate bearing capacity of the pile, dynamic load testing using a Pile Driving Analyzer (PDA) was conducted on index piles at the sites. Subsequent to the field testing, data analysis using the Case Pile Wave Analysis Program (CAPWAP) was conducted. Restrike PDA analysis and full-scale static load tests were performed on the selected test piles. Test piles at the project sites exhibited significant time-dependent increases in bearing capacity caused by the effects of "set-up" or "soil freeze." The dissipation of excess pore-water pressure in the soil, which had been disturbed and remolded by driven pile, was generally considered the primary cause of set-up. The increase at the subject sites ranged from 100 to 300 percent of the capacity measured at the initial driving. This paper discusses the results of various types of load testing on tapered piles and the set-up effects by comparing PDA test results acquired during and after pile driving. Finally, an empirical relationship for the New York metropolitan area has been offered for quantifying set-up.

Jan 1, 2008

By Jeongbok Seo

The Dulles Corridor Metrorail Project (DCMP) involves the design and construction of a 23.1-mile extension of the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) rail system. The initial 11.7-mile extension, with five transit stations and a new service and inspection yard, is to be constructed. The construction plan for the initial 11.7-mile extension includes installation of a total of an estimated 4,250 or 160,000 linear feet of driven 12x53 steel H-Piles at more than 80 different locations. At the time of this paper, approximately 40 percent of the piles have been installed and the remainder of piles will be installed by the end of 2010. This paper describes: 1) subsurface investigation program, 2) application of existing Codes and impact on the design of H-Pile, 3) design methods to determine geotechnical bearing capacity and pile tip elevation, 4) verification of capacity including PDA and Static Load Tests, 5) project specific pile load tests, and 6) QA/QC during pile driving.

Jan 1, 2010

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Jan 1, 1994

By W. G. K. Fleming

The general history of piling is traced up to the present time with regard to the evolution of methods and materials. The processes have been strongly influenced by developments in basic equipment and industrial change. It is noticeable that in the twentieth century more progress has taken place than in the many previous centuries. It has been strongly influenced by the general development of Soil Mechanics. Test loading is probably the most effective way to assess the success of designs and many empirical relationships have been challenged through it. As we approach a new century it appears that it will be an age of rapid equipment development, with much enhancement of understanding of what has been done. Processes of automatic construction and testing will becoming commonplace. These changes will narrow the limits of conventional scatter that have come to be accepted and to a large extent will be driven by political efforts to curtail energy consumption, to raise standards of quality and reliability, and to conserve the environment. 1. Ancient history. Piling is an ancient art. Its first mention in history is from Herodotus, the first person to commit an account of his times to the written word in the years 557 to 479 BC. He evidently had a strong interest in engineering matters because he wrote of building, brick making, reinforced brickwork, river training, canal building, bridge construction, tunnelling and its acoustic detection and piling. The piling reference comes from Book 5 at paragraph 16.

Jan 1, 1999

Jan 1, 1989

By George J. Tamaro

The design and construction of foundations in the New York City area are usually dictated by the widely varying geologic conditions encountered in the five boroughs, particularly along the spine of Manhattan Island. Rock extends well above sea level at the northern reaches and falls to depths in excess of 250 m at the barrier islands at the southern extremities. These highly variable geologic conditions, significantly affected by glacial activity, dictate different design and construction approaches throughout the five boroughs of New York City. Extensive rock removal is required at the north while long piling is dictated in the south. Similar changes can occur within a project site on Manhattan Island. This paper will describe these conditions in general, will identify the various solutions used to solve these problems and will summarize various foundation types used in the New York City area.

Jan 1, 2000

By Edmund J. Cardoza

WELCOME TO THE DEEP FOUNDATIONS INSTITUTE 26TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND WELCOME ESPECIALLY TO THIS SEMINAR ON NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF DRILLED SHAFTS, PRESENTED BY MEMBERS OF THE DFI DRILLED SHAFT COMMITTEE. MY NAME IS ED CARDOZA; I AM A VICE PRESIDENT WITH THE MILLGARD CORPORATION, A DRILLED SHAFT CONSTRUCTOR FOCUSING PRIMARLY IN THE EASTERN HALF OF THE UNITED STATES.

Jan 1, 2001

By Pierre Gouvin, Michael Oakland

"This paper covers the rapid response methods used to monitor the emergency response to damage to an historic structure. An architectural gem, the latest incarnation of the old south Church was completed in 1875, utilizing local conglomerate (pudding stone), combined with brownstone and other materials to make an incredible showcase for priceless stained glass and other details epitomizing the height of the American Industrial Revolution. As part of required American with Disabilities retrofits to the adjacent Metropolitan Boston Transit Authority Station (MBTA), a support of excavation system was implemented with tradition sheet piles. During excavation (SOE) it was determined that Jet Grouting would need to supplement the sheeting to close openings in the SOE. During Jet Grouting, the eastern side of the structure was bisected, and lifted over 2 inches up and to the south. The movement occurred rapidly, within minutes, and subsided when Jet grouting was discontinued. The paper will describe the nature of the immediate response to get a real time monitoring program established, and the follow on monitoring program that ensued to provide the needed information to the stakeholders about this critical structure to evaluate stability, safety and to develop a long term remediation plan. The real time systems and instruments used consisted of Automated Motorized Total Stations (AMTS) and Automated Crackmeters. The Paper will describe the techniques used to control construction in safe manner.INTRODUCTIONThe Old South Church of Boston was constructed in 1875 and is one of the best examples of High Victorian Gothic Architecture in the Northeast. (Fig. 1) shows the newly constructed Old South in 1882. The Roxbury Conglomerate used to construct the church combined with large stained glass window by Clayton and Bell of London provides its unique appearance. Like most of the structures constructed in Boston’s Back Bay at that time, the church is founded on timber piles which penetrate the fill and organic soils to bear in the upper Boston Blue Clay. The churches interior includes high vaulted plaster ceilings and a 1920’s E. M. Skinner organ with exposed pipes as long as 32 ft. in length. The Church was added to the list of National Historic Landmarks in 1970 and is a featured Boston attraction."

Jan 1, 2017

By Anahita Modiriasari, Benjamin S. Rivers

Measurement while drilling (MWD) is a subsurface exploration technique associated with real-time and continuous monitoring and recording of drilling data during the drilling process. This technique can be used for underground investigations to differentiate ground strata, detect the presence of fractures and voids, and evaluate geological features and mechanical properties of geomaterial. When MWD is used for geotechnical investigations, it can improve site characterization, identify variable conditions, improve design and construction, lead to shorter project delivery times, reduce the cost and risks associated with limited subsurface data and geotechnical uncertainties, and maximum return-on-investment. Given these benefits, MWD is gaining attention among transportation agencies and the geotechnical industry. Federal Highway Administration’s (FHWA’s) innovation deployment program “Every Day Counts (EDC-5)” includes the implementation of Advanced Geotechnical Methods in Exploration (A-GaME), which aims to implement effective, underutilized subsurface exploration methods, including MWD, in U.S. practice. This paper provides an overview of the MWD technology for geotechnical site investigations and presents a case history where MWD was employed to design deep foundation for the construction of a building in Massachusetts. The advantages of this technology for risk reduction and project cost and time saving are also discussed.

Oct 1, 2022

Jan 1, 1989

Jan 1, 1991

By Gustavo E. Armijo

This job was done in Morristown, NJ, with mono fluid system jet grouting for the construction of a new bank building. After the demolition of the existing two story structures, an excavation in loose sandy fill materials was necessary in order to reach the new structure basement level. Due to this jet grouting was selected as a medium to provide both excavation support and permanent underpinning, minimizing the adjacent building settlements. These two adjacent buildings were partially underpinned with a "gravity wall" made with 2 and 3 rows of secant vertical and inclined jet grout columns. Besides the classical jet grouting control methods, during the jet grouting execution, all the drilling and grouting parameters were recorded by a proprietary system called "Slogger". Additionally, after the jet grouting execution, an innovative result control technique was used by means of the application of the same parameter recording system. Some of the production columns were re-drilled and a comparison was made between the obtained drilling parameters and those obtained for the same age test columns. Under the referred existing conditions and in comparison with the conventional underpinning techniques, this project demonstrated that jet grouting, with proper execution and result control, can be faster than them and can maintain the building structural stability and act, at the same time, as a retention system minimizing the existing building settlements.

Jan 1, 2002

By Charles M. Wilk

"Solidification/stabilization (S/S) treatment is used to treat hazardous wastes for disposal and in the remediation/site restoration of contaminated land . SIS is also an increasingly popular technology for Brownfield (industrial property) redevelopment, since treated wastes can often be left on-site and to improve the soil for subsequent construction. This paper discusses the applicability of the technology to various wastes, basic cement chemistry relating to SIS, tests used to design treatability studies and to verify treatment, basics on implementation of the technology in the field , and examples of SIS use at brownfield sites, including a former wood preserving site, former manufactured gas plant sites, a former electric generating station, and a shopping mall development.INTRODUCTIONSolidification/Stabilization (S/S) is a widely used treatment for the management/disposal of a broad range of contaminated media and wastes; particularly those contaminated with substances classified as hazardous in the United States. The treatment involves mixing a binding reagent into the contaminated media or waste. The treatment protects human health and the environment by immobilizing contaminants within the treated material. Immobilization within the treated material prevents migration of the contaminants to human, animal and plant receptors. SIS treatment has been used to treat radioactive wastes since the 1950s and hazardous waste since the 1970's (Conner 1990). SIS continues as a cornerstone treatment technology for the management of radioactive waste, hazardous waste, and site remediation and Brownfield redevelopment."

Jan 1, 2005