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By Larry Meinert

Most large skarn deposits are zoned in both space and time relative to associated intrusions, and this zonation can be used to guide exploration. Zonation occurs on scales from km to, and reflects infiltrative fluid flow, wallrock reaction, temperature variations, and fluid mixing. In most skarn systems, there is a general zonation pattern of proximal garnet, distal pyroxene, and vesuvianite (or a pyroxenoid such as wollastonite, bustamite, or rhodonite) at the marble front. In addition, individual skarn minerals may display systematic color or compositional variations within the larger zonation pattern. Such patterns are reviewed for several well-studied examples of Cu, W, Au, and Zn-Pb-Ag skarns. In addition, many deposits have endoskarn or other alteration of the associated intrusion and recrystallization or other subtle changes in the surrounding wallrocks.

Apr 24, 2001

By Dae S. Young

The paper point out a new procedure to calculate the volumetric distribution of rock fragments. The method combines the practicality of digital image processing of the rock surface with the theoretical volume calculations based on principles and laws of fractal geometry. The final volumetric distribution curve is compared with the results from traditional sieving indicating close agreement.

Jul 17, 2000

By Carlos Torres, Albert Cabrejo

For the last 20 years mine slopes have been monitored with slope stability radars. Since 2015 a group of dedicated geotechnical engineers dedicated to remotely monitor radars around the world have detected 2000+ slope failures of different characteristics. A statistical analysis of the information gathered of these failures have been made and the summarized results are presented with some degree of analysis appropriate for the vastness of the database. The analysis considers different types of commodities, countries, mining processes, rock types, and weather conditions.

Sep 29, 2023

By Javier A. Llano

GPS, wireless communications and on-board and off-board computing capabilities provide today’s mining companies with unprecedented process improvement and cost reduction opportunities. All aspects of the operation from engineering, surveying, drilling, loading, hauling and support can benefit from products like CAES and Drill Monitor. These technologies, which have been working at world class mines around the world in some cases for over three years, are helping customers achieve new lows in cost per ton. Manually intensive and time-consuming processes like in field surveying are replaced by timely mine status information wirelessly transmitted from the machines to the office.

Jul 17, 2000

By Laurie McDonnell

As reserves of high-grade, easily accessible ores decline, it is becoming increasingly important to treat complex feeds and recover multiple target metals, and to identify approaches that will achieve this is a cost-effective manner. Hydrometallurgical treatment of sulphide based material allows for a balance between costs, recovery, and flexibility in final product selection. Glencore Technology’s hydrometallurgical solution to the treatment of sulphide ores is the Albion Process™, comprising two main steps. The first step involves ultra-fine grinding using the IsaMill™, which minimises the potential for passivation of the leaching sulphide and increases surface area for oxidation during the Albion Process™ leach. The second step is the oxidation of the finely ground sulphide concentrate utilising the HyperSparge™ for oxygen injection in Glencore Technology’s Oxidative Leach Reactors (OxiLeach™).

Sep 30, 2022

By Doris Hiam-Galvez

The latest technologies that improve mining and mineral processing efficiency and significantly reduce the emissions and effluents will be briefly reviewed. In this sense, the paper point out that the water treatment using techniques such as nanofiltration through membranes to achieve purity levels equal to the incoming water supply is now possible and examples of how this is done will be presented. Membrane technology using nanofiltration can be effectively used for recovering valuable products in water from mining operations and also to remove contaminants. The resulting water is of prime quality equalling potable water standards. The technology can be adapted to most mining operations.

Sep 12, 2011

By Ian Coltrin, Steve Merrill, Dariusz Lelinski, Sudhir Kamath

Froth flotation has been the heart of mineral beneficiation for over a century. Over the years, developments have been made in flotation cell design, size, and in many other aspects of flotation technology. Despite the overall effectiveness of these improvements, valuable mineral particles are often lost along with waste material. These particles are lost when the froth recovery process within a flotation system is not designed for variable froth conditions seen in plant operations. Both the amount of froth generated and the type of froth in a flotation cell change as concentrate is removed down a row of cells. Traditionally, froth recovery has been designed using a froth carry rate averaged over the entire row of flotation cells with a static amount of open area at the top of the cell.

Sep 30, 2022

By Emilio Navarro

XML technology can be used as a standard to transfer information from a relational database to any system that relies on such information. There have been many proprietary methods to perform this information transfer, However, none of them was either able to talk to each other or exchange information in a transparent way. This paper describes a system that will allow for a transparent exchange of information not only between a Web browser and a Web Server but also a stand-alone application and the same Web Server. First, the autor summarize the Internet technologies that support the possibilities. Then the autor outline the tasks needed in order to take advantage of these technologies. Finally, it is suggest a few applications that could take advantage of this system.

Aug 25, 2002

By Gerardo Noriega

Aeromagnetic compensation plays an important role in most airborne geophysical exploration programs, dealing with the modelling and elimination of interference effects generated by the aircraft flying in the Earth’s magnetic field. This work discusses broadly recent developments on adaptive compensation (which allows continuous optimization of the solution through a recursive algorithm), real-time compensation of on-board electronic systems (whose effects are not captured by the conventional model), attitude-reference sensors, compensation of UAV platforms, and various modelling issues.

May 1, 2008

By Doris Hiam-Gálvez

El presente trabajo describe las últimas tecnologías que mejoran la minería en América Latina y la eficacia en el procesamiento del mineral. Así también se revisa el modo innovador de energía a través de la fundición de sales con energía solar, particularmente en regiones desérticas de América del Sur. Cada tecnología ofrece mejoras sustanciales en eficiencia, capital, y costos operativos y contribuye a la reducción el impactom ambiental de las operaciones mineras.

Feb 1, 2012

By Victor Tenorio

At the present time, the mineral resources in the majority of underground mines are assessed and reported within a deterministic scenario. Irrespective of the techniques utilized for the estimation, the uncertainty in the reporting of resources is limited to their classification in categories such as Measured, Indicated and Inferred, according to a qualitative appreciation that depends on the abundance and quality of geologic information and sampling. Tonnages and grades reported within each category are treated as of fixed or variable precision depending on their classification; nevertheless, this degree of precision is not quantified, which makes it difficult for mine planning and can seriously affect the decisions that are taken on the resources of a deposit. The uncertainty in the resources comes from the lack of adequate geological information and grades, but this lack of information is very difficult to improve or supplement since the information-versus-cost curve increases exponentially

Sep 19, 2006

By Eleonardo Lucas, Christ Barriga

The use of saline water, a product of the sea water osmosis process, for the processing of the mineral from the Bayovar Mine in Peru, is part of the process of final disposal of the studied tailings. In this sense, this paper presents an experimental program implemented for the correct evaluation of this fine low-density phosphate tailings, the behavior of six solids contents prepared in the laboratory with limits between the range 8.5% to 21% were analyzed. The results achieved, from settling and consolidation tests by hydraulic consolidation test, attested to the effectiveness, in addition to being representative, based on the analyzes and comparisons instituted and the definition of the compressibility and consolidation characteristics of the phosphate tailings of the evaluation.

Sep 30, 2022

By Jorge Luis Cáceres Córdova

Durante los procesos mineros, el comité ejecutivo gestiona decisiones -confiables y económicamente rentables- según la información requerida. En ese sentido, el presente texto señala una metodología que integra las herramientas de gestión donde se garantice la confiabilidad de los activos de forma sostenida que prevenga pérdidas de producción, se reduzca los costos operativos, se evita riesgos a la salud y medio ambiente y se establezca una política de sustento cuantitativo a pedidos, cambios, bajas, terciarizaciones, entre otros, en base al riesgo y beneficio.

Sep 1, 2015

By José Darío Sanabria Cerrón

El presente texto describe la operación de las zarandas de alta frecuencia en la etapa de molienda de las operaciones mineras del país. Durante esta etapa se consume la mayor parte de energía que debe ser aprovechada eficientemente a través de una buena clasificaciónen húmedo de la molienda en minerales para disminuir los costos operativos sobre la base productiva de la planta.

Jul 1, 2015

By Daniel Hack

A few progressive mining software companies have recognized the benefit of broadening their capabilities to the sand and gravel (aggregate) industry. The most promising new developments have been designed for use with Surpac Vision, one of the world’s leading geological modeling, mine design, and production management systems. Surpac’s broad user-base, who have always had a propensity for customization, are now focusing on development of solutions in the Tool Command Language (Tcl), an interpreted scripting language. Surpac Software International made changes to TCL to add Surpac specific extensions, thus creating the Surpac Command Language (Scl). The Tcl interpreter, including Scl extensions, is bound into the Vision executable to provide a seamless interface to the data objects used internally by Vision, the GUI, and the 3D rendering system. Custom solutions can be incorporated as Vision extensions, or as stand alone-modules used in correlation with modeling, design, and planning functions.

Aug 25, 2002

By Jerry Rowe

There are numerous examples of historic and recent mines that have no closure system or have poorly designed closure systems. These mines may contaminate water resources, land resources and cause significant impacts to human health and the environment. As a result of these problems, many regulatory agencies around the world require that mine closure systems be implemented to manage ARD and protect water resources. In this sense, the paper discusses some of the key elements that need to be evaluated when selecting a mine closure system. These include the specific site climatic, hydrogeologic, hydrologic and geochemical conditions that must be considered for closure design. Two examples of innovative mine closure systems that have been implemented to take advantage of site specific conditions to effectively manage water are provided. The mine closure systems incorporate passive measures to control ARD (acid rock drainage) and protect water resources.

Sep 21, 2013

By Alfonso Núñez

There are many assets on a typical industrial site that are not monitored continuously by a SCADA system or the DCS. Many of these assets are critical and must be running correctly for production to meet its targets. Most companies schedule inspections of these assets regularly by sending skilled operators to the field who take notes using paper and a clipboard. There are many advantages related to the digital transformation of operator rounds. In particular, the collection process is supported by digital prompts and the data — once it is collected — is automatically routed to a database and made readily available to all the software applications and stakeholders that need it.

Sep 29, 2023

By Gabriella Vaschetti, Pascual Perazzo

A paper presented at Perumin 35 in 2022 described the concepts and a state-of-the-art system with extruded curbs and PVC anchor wings, adopted among others at the first four stages of Las Bambas tailings dam in Peru, discussing how upstream geomembrane water barriers can mitigate the numerous issues, including environmental aspects, of tailings dams’ design and operation. This paper, beside presenting a summary of what has been carried out so far at Las Bambas, amplifies the subject, presenting the results by means of the data of the leakage monitoring system, showing that the flow monitoring data at the downstream toe are seasonally consistent, and in alignment with design predictions.

Sep 29, 2023

By Adilson Curi

"A fundamental aspect in the development of any open-pit mining project is the determination of the mineable mineral reserves, obtained with the design of the so-called ultimate pit limits. In this paper, firstly the Vulcan software applied over the data of MR phosphate deposit will be introduced. Modeling of the ore deposit has been done by geostatistical and conventional methods by using geological data of 41 diamond core samples. Insitu geological reserves were estimated to a level of accuracy to support detailed mine planning. Ore body has been divided into regular three dimensional fixed blocks. The ultimate pit limits of the model deposit weredetermined by the vulcan program by an optimizing technique. Additionally, the approximate location of the deposit and drillholles and the contour map of the ultimate pit limits generated by the vulcan program are presented. "

Jul 17, 2000

By Rajiv Kalra

"The paper point out at evaluating the merits of oflarge geared mills versus gearless driven mills by evaluating the following factors: The capability of currently available systems in terms of power and milldiameter, efficiency in terms of overall electrical power consumed vs mechanical output power, capital cost, running costs, rooling requirements in terms of air versus water cooling and the installation and delivery time"

Sep 12, 2011