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By D. C. Seidel

This report describes generic procedures and equipment arrangements for conducting laboratory-scale hydrometallurgical and related waste-management experiments. It provides a starting point for personnel who have received or are receiving professional training, but do not have specific experience in laboratory procedures. With guidance, it also has application as a resource for technician training. The publication contains chapters on laboratory safety, feed-sample preparation, leaching, solids-liquid separation, and recovery from solution.

Jan 1, 1995

By Fred N. Kissell

This U.S. Bureau of Mines report is a guide for the control of air contaminants during tunnel construction. Topics discussed are calculating air quantity requirements, types of ventilation systems, planning ventilation systems, control of methane gas, control of dust, control of diesel emission, ventilation to remove blasting fumes, measuring airflow, and measuring gases. This report does not provide detailed design information, but seeks to answer practical questions on air contamination issues.

Jan 1, 1995

By Thomas S. Jones

This Bureau of Mines publication reviews characteristics, manufacture, and uses of natural and synthetic iron oxide pigments. Supply and demand trends within the domestic industry and in foreign trade are presented for 1955 through 1976. Iron oxides are expected to continue in demand for traditional uses, and if anything, to be favorably affected by technological developments. Imports have been significant in relation to domestic production, most notably for synthetic oxides from West Germany and Canada.

Jan 1, 1978

By Howard P. Hamlin, John W. Sweeney

Shales , clays , and loess in Iowa were tested and evaluated to determine feasibility of producing lightweight aggregate by commercial rotary - kiln or sintering methods . Preliminary testing was conducted in a muffle furnace . Rotary - kiln tests were conducted in a 16 - inch by 14 - foot rotary kiln . Concrete cylinders and cubes were tested to determine qualities of the aggregate . Three samples made suitable lightweight aggregate by rotary - kiln methods and two by sintering .

Jan 1, 1964

By Robert B. Fulton

Summary of data and estimates for 52 fluorspar properties in the following 13 foreign countries: Mexico Thailand China (PRC) Morocco Tunisia Italy Spain South Africa France United Kingdom Kenya Namibia Federal Republic of Germany Data includes deposit type, resource tonnage and grades, mining and beneficiation methods, annual production, fluorspar products and by-products, manpower requirements, capital and operating cost estimates. For operating properties, engineering and cost data have been developed for present and anticipated levels of production. Hypothetical operations have been assumed for undeveloped deposits.

Jan 1, 1984

By Bobby B. Gillenwater

This report presents recommended guidelines and regulatory changes applicable to electrical installations in underground oil shale mines. These recommendations are based on information gathered from oil shale operators, government agencies, and other knowledgeable sources familiar with existing plans for mining systems and electrical installations, and on present understanding of the problems and hazards associated with oil shale mining. Additional discussions of specific electrical problems related to oil shale mining are also presented. These specific problems include: ? Ground fault current levels ? Permissible electric wheel motors ? Permissible batteries and electric starting systems ? Intrinsically safe instrumentation and applicability of existing test standards.

Jan 1, 1983

By L. F. Heising

The Bureau of Mines evaluated 42 composite samples from selected Michigan-Wisconsin iron formations by reductive roasting-magnetic separation and flotation at minus 325 mesh. Samples having poor to marginal response on initial examination by conventional methods were reevaluated by finer grinding, by reagent suite modifications, and by selective flocculation-desliming techniques. Results ranged from excellent on Menominee Range samples to relatively on Gogebic Range ores. Marquette Range samples ranged from responsive to nonresponsive, depending upon grain size and mineral association.

Jan 1, 1967

By Earle S. Burnett

Rotating piston deadweight gages have been used for many years for measurement of pressure to several hundred atmospheres. They have been calibrated by comparison of fluid pressures produced by various loads bearing on the piston bases, as measured by corresponding heights of balancing columns of mercury. When expressed in appropriate units, these ratios of column heights to piston loads are called piston constants. Experimental arrangements and procedures for their determination are presented in this paper, followed by a discussion of their significance and of their subsequent applications.

Jan 1, 1966

By Leslie D. Marrus

This project and final report represent an effort to collect, analyze, and verify reliability and performance data on currently available medium -to-high seam models of continuous miners being used in underground coal mining. The analysis determined availability, mean time and tons between failures, amounts of down time associated with various failures, labor and part costs required to correct failures, and various indices of maintainability. Machine performance and reliability are discussed relative to cumulative tons (machine age) produced and production rates (machine loading). It was determined that performance can be significantly improved given preventive maintenance programs that will increase machine availability.

Jan 1, 1976

By F. E. Brantley, D. M. Yergensen, D. A. Martin

Fluidized - bed roasting was investigated as a means of decomposing gypsum and gypsum mixtures to produce a gas rich in sulfur dioxide and a lime or portland cement residue . Ninety- eight percent desulfurization of gypsum in a 10 - inch fluidized- bed reactor took 1.5 hours at an operating temperature between 1,200 ° and 1,225 ° C. A cement- type residue was obtained but had to be refired at 1,450 ° C before mortar prepared from it met the physical specifications for cement .

Jan 1, 1963

By Edmund S. Leaver

[In previous reports5/ of ore-testing studies standard methods of conducting; test with precious-metal ores selected as representative of certain mining districts were discussed in considerable detail. In addition to standard tent procedures such as direct cyanidation, amalgamation, gravity concentration, and flotation, or a combination of these methods, it is sometimes necessary to apply other methods, such as preliminary roasting and washing of the calcine with plain or acidulated water before cyanidation. In all of this work standard tenting procedure has been supplements by he necessary assaying and analyses of original ore and test products.]

Jan 1, 1941

By Walter W. Kaufman

This Bureau of Mines manual for design of surface mine haulage roads covers such aspects of haulage road design as road alinement (both vertical and horizontal), construction materials, cross slope, and drainage provisions. Traffic control and design of proper lane widths to promote safe vehicle movement are included, as are suggested criteria for road and vehicle maintenance and for runaway-vehicle safety provisions. The aim of this publication is to provide those involved with surface mine haulage road design with a complete manual of recommended practices that, if implemented, will promote safer, more efficient haulage routes.

Jan 1, 1977

By W. T. Westbrook

This Bureau of Mines report contains methods for analyzing iron are for total iron, ferrous iron, metallic iron, silica, manganese, aluminum, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, titanium, carbon, sulfur, moisture loss, and ignition loss by wet chemical methods. Some are modifications of standard umpire methods; others have been developed by the Bureau of Mines to provide a com-bination of speed and accuracy. They are suitable for a high volume of samples and/or control situations, and for situations in which instrumental results must be verified. These methods have been used to analyze taconites, native ores, some foreign ores, and metallurgical products.

Jan 1, 1975

Aluminum Production. -By October 1, Aluminum Company of America will restart a 35,000-ton-per-year unit at its aluminum smelter at Rockdale, Tex., restoring that facility to its full capacity of 325,000 tons annually. Primary Ingot Price Increase. -Most U.S. aluminum producers in mid-September were quoting a price of 72 cents per pound for primary aluminum ingot. On September 19, Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corp. announced that it would increase the price of primary aluminum ingot 4 cents to 76 cents per pound.

Jan 1, 1980

The Aluminum Co. of America raised its 99.5 percent unalloyed aluminum ingot selling price in March by 34 to 514 per pound. Other producers, including Kaiser Aluminum and Chemical Corp. , Anaconda Aluminum Co. , and Reynolds Metals Co., followed Alcoa's lead, raising their quotes to 51$. In late March, domestic merchants quoted ingot at levels ranging between 49.56 and 50.50 per pound. BISMUTH: Several domes tic dealers lowered their bismuth prices in recent weeks by 50t-606 to within a range of $5.60-$5.75 per pound; producers continue to hold published prices at $7.50.

Jan 1, 1977

By Donald P. Schlick

This report presents a representative cross section of methods successfully used to ventilate continuous-miner places as well as various factors that should be considered when selecting auxiliary ventilating equipment. Line brattice can direct fresh air to the active face reasonably well, provided that adequate area for installation is available. Continuous mining equipment, however, often restricts clearances to such an extent that proper installation of line brattice is impossible. Consequently, in many instances face ventilation is inadequate; therefore, many methods of auxiliary ventilation for continuous-mining equipment have been developed and have been discussed in this study.

Jan 1, 1963

By Donald P. Schlick

This report presents a representative cross section of methods success- fully used to ventilate continuous-miner places as well as various factors that should be considered when selecting auxiliary ventilating equipment. Line brattice can direct fresh air to the active face reasonably well, provided that adequate area for installation is available. Continuous mining equipment, however, often restricts clearances to such an extent that proper installation of line brattice is impossible. Consequently, in many instances face ventilation is inadequate; therefore, many methods of auxiliary ventilation for continuous-mining equipment have been developed and have been discussed in this study.

Jan 1, 1963

By Philip C. Good

Preliminary studies showed that direct hydrolysis of H2SiF6 to SiO2 and HF at elevated temperatures was subject to many mechanical difficulties, and that corrosion of construction materials was a serious problem. Elimination of SiO2 from the HF product was generally poor. An alternative procedure, hydrolysis of lime-neutralized H2SiF6 by steam at 950° to 1,100° C, yielded a product very low in SiO2. Condensates containing up to 300 g/1 HF were prepared.

Jan 1, 1968

By Sidney Katell

Several systems have been proposed for the production of synthetic crude oil from oil shale. An economic analysis of one proposed system is presented in this paper. An oil shale complex to produce 100,000 barrels per calendar day of semirefined crude oil will require a capital investment of $426,216,400. This investment includes mining, retorting, intermediate pipelining, and partial refining. A selling price of $3.74 per barrel of product will be necessary to maintain a discounted cash-flow rate of 12 percent.

Jan 1, 1971

By Eric E. Ungar

Some fundamental facts regarding noise are summarized. Guidelines for reducing plant noise are indicated, and simple means are discussed for determining, whether quieting of specific equipment items will reduce plant noise significantly. Design and installation recommendations are made for quieting chutes by means of dams, impact cushioning pads, impact shields, and damping materials, and for quieting; screens by means of resilient decks, lined screen bottoms, drive mechanism enclosures, and side plate additions. A brief account is appended of the wear and productivity performance of resilient materials observed in three cleaning plants.

Jan 1, 1976