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By J. A. Cox

The Ashanti mine is located within the Lower Proterozoic Birimian of Ghana, and covers a concession of 474 square kilometres at its Obuasi operations which comprise large scale underground, surface and tailings treatment facilities. The mine had operated for a century at the end of 1997 and had produced nearly 25 million ounces of gold, a significant proportion of which came from the underground operations. This paper covers the strategy under which exploration for both surface and underground mineral resources was instrumental in enabling the expansion programme to go ahead together with the methodologies and results that have developed in the exploration area over the last five years. Within capital expenditure constraints, the objective on surface is to replace oxide depletion with a secondary objective of discovering new sulphides in areas other than the main trend. In the underground, the exploration strategy is directed at replacement of both underground and surface sulphide depletion, minimising finding costs and assisting the development of long lead time infrastructure. The exploration application describes the methodologies in use for both surface and underground exploration that have been developed in recent years in conjunction with a description of a major review conducted in 1995/96 of the exploration database using an integrated approach, geochemistry, geophysics, remote sensing and structural geology. A revisit of soil geochemical data in particular, and modification of exploration methodology led to the success in finding relatively significant new oxides in 1997.

Jan 1, 1999

By J. L. van Niekerk

The proposed Gautrain Rapid Rail Link (GRRL) will require approximately 15 km of double or twin high-speed rail track tunnels located for the greater part beneath the northern suburbs of Johannesburg, including Houghton, Rosebank and Sandton. During the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) it became clear that potential surface vibration above and in the vicinity of the tunnels was a matter of serious concern to the residents of the affected properties and that the impact required assessment. The general method proposed is based on a US Department of Transportation, 1998, publication in which abase vibration curve derived for typical high-speed passenger trains is adjusted for the topological, geological and other features to predict the surface vibration and the associated ground-borne noise. The predictions indicate that some isolated areas might be impacted but that the impact will likely be limited, and it is possible to mitigate the impact using suitable track construction methods and track support systems.

Jan 1, 2004

By H. Copur

Experimental studies for quantification of force and brittleness indices relevant to rock cutting performance are presented. A simple interpretation method is developed, which quantifies the force-penetration response obtained from indentation tests. Basic parameters of the quantification are force increment and decrementrates, force increment and decrement periods, and number of increment and decrement data points. Blocks of eleven different rock samples were collected from different operating mines in Turkey and subjected to indentation tests to calculate the indices. The samples included harzburgite, serpentinite, trona, limestone, claystone, two different sandstone samples, siltstone and three different chromite ore samples. The concept was validated by a set of full-scale linear cutting tests using a conical cutter for measuring the cutting performance in relieved and unrelieved conditions, i.e. cutter forces, specific energy, size distribution of rock cuttings. The rock cuttings were sieved to determine coarseness index, indicates coarse chip generation characteristics, and size distribution. The force index is moderately correlated with the cutting performance and mechanical properties of the rocks, and poorly correlated with the coarseness index and size distribution of cuttings. A general and moderate trend is observed between the brittleness index and the coarseness index, cutting performance for unrelieved cutting conditions and mechanical properties of the rocks. However, additional data is required to fill the data gaps and to potentially establish relationship between the brittleness index and all other parameters.

Jan 1, 2003

By P. J. Kinver

This paper deals with the development of backfilling methods and systems at the Broken Hill orebody of Black Mountain Mineral Development Company (Pty) Limited, at Aggeneys in the north-western Cape Province. Production started in 1979, being confined to large diameter blasthole stoping methods in the upper, steeply dipping areas of the orebody. This blasthole reserve is now depleted and the production tonnage, 100000 tons per month, is produced from eight cut and fill stopes in the flatter dipping areas of the orebody. The fill methods of the blasthole stoping area evolved prior to the pillar extraction are briefly discussed together with the resulting experiences gained that enabled virtually 100% extraction to be achieved. The original cut and fill mining used costly hydraulic cemented fill; this was replaced partly by unconsolidated river sand and later by dune sand which occurs in abundance. The paper describes the planning, research work and commissioning of a cycloning plant that now enables dune sand to be used successfully as an unconsolidated hydraulic fill. The development of drainage, placement and control methods are also reviewed.

Jan 1, 1988

By G. G. le Roux

The purpose of the investigation was to assess various options for increasing the efficiency of the conveyor belt transporting system used at 4 Belt Shaft at Lonmin?s Marikana operations. The reason for the investigation was to prevent the occurrence of a ?bottleneck? at the main ore passes delivering ore to the conveyor belt system, thus creating more fluent operational conditions. The options assessed for increasing the efficiency of the conveyor belt transporting system were: ?Variation of the conveyor speed ?Concurrent tipping from two ore passes on the belt ?Increase the available drive unit power ?Increasing the feed rate from vibratory feeders ?Change in belt width/belt specifications The report shows that the most preferable option to the current situation at 4 Belt, Lonmin, would be the option of concurrent tipping from two ore passes to the belt.

Jan 1, 2008

By F. H. Deist, H. D. Small, J. D. Austin, L. F. Duvel

The development and application of a computer system to aid in the planning of production in mines by F. H. DEIST, L. F. DUVEL, J. D. AUSTIN, and H. D. SMALL Published in the Journal, December 1972. Discussion by J. W. WILSON and R. W. HAZELL Although the Mine Planning Simulation Programme was originally developed as an aid to coal-mine planning, its extreme flexibility has enabled us to simulate gold-mine planning with equal facility. The initial application of the Mine Planning Simulation Model was in a small area of a large Free State gold mine where the primary aim was to assess the applicability of the programme to the gold-mining situation.

Jan 12, 1972

By R. MacRosty, R. Pula, P. Gebski, W. Braun

"This paper provides a progress update on three tapblock monitoring technologies that Hatch has been developing with our clients for non-ferrous smelting furnaces.The Tapblock Diagnostic System (TDS) is an advanced on-line monitoring system that uses temperature data along with embedded thermal model results to evaluate the condition of a tapblock over its campaign life. Hatch recently installed a second Tapblock Diagnostic System, some details of which are provided in this paper.The Tap-hole Acoustic Monitoring (TAM) system is installed on water-cooled copper tapblocks and uses the noise from the tapping channel to provide a qualitative indication of wear and deterioration of the tapping channel refractory. In addition, TAM can be used to monitor drilling and lancing performance, and potentially could also be used in the future as a guide for automatic drilling and lancing systems (Sadri et al., 2008).The third technology is the use of fibre optic sensors to measure temperature on the hot face and in the tapping channel of a tapblock. Fibre optic technology allows installation of numerous sensors in key locations where they are very sensitive to tapblock condition and also provide more extensive spatial coverage than is possible with traditional instruments. This paper provides an update on our efforts to address issues with premature failure of the sensor cables due to corrosion, and also converting the vast amount of data from the sensor cable into information that can be used by furnace operators."

Jan 1, 2014

By N. C. Joughin

A simplified economic model is derived for the financial return from a new gold mining project. The model is used to analyze the effects of changes in the mining rate, capital costs, working costs, value of the reef and the stoping width. The most effective avenues for improving the return from a new project are indicated. It is shown that those technological innovations which would improve the return significantly, and therefore make it possible to open more mines, are the use of smaller mines, means for improving the mining rate to capital costs ratio for smaller mines, planning and control of mines by computer simulation, an improved mine valuation procedure and means for mining at a decreased stope tramming width.

Jan 1, 2014

By R. E. Wilmot

This paper is based on the experiences, over many years, of numerous authors in the South African mining industry and of the hot dip galvanizing process and its application as a corrosion protection system. The paper sets out the extensive development, financial resources and stringent operating requirements of the South African mining industry. After many years of research and operational experiences, hot dip galvanizing and, when necessary, duplex systems, have been found to meet the demanding requirements of this particular industry. The paper sets out the requirements from the standpoint of corrosion criteria and is followed with a case where the corrosion protection properties of hot dip galvanizing are demonstrated. This case history traces the early investigation of the expected corrosive conditions in a new mining operation and concludes with two follow-up visits to the mine in order to examine actual performance of the corrosion protection system after ten years in service.

Jan 1, 2007

By X. Goso

Laboratory-scale tests were conducted at Mintek for the production of titanium powder from particulate Kroll sponge by the hydrogenation-dehydrogenation (HDH) process. The aim of this work was to produce titanium powder for powder metallurgical consolidations. The work involved the production of titanium powder at optimized conditions, which included hydrogenation in a horizontal tube furnace at 600°C for 2 hours, milling using planetary and roller mills, and dehydrogenation in a vacuumed retort fitted in a muffle furnace running at 700°C for 36 hours. The titanium powder produced in this project matched the elemental specifications of commercially available titanium powder, except for high carbon content. Nevertheless, the powder has been tested further in mechanical alloying and has been found suitable for the production of powder metallurgical compacts. Keywords Powder metallurgy, titanium components, HDH process, ball milling.

Jan 1, 2011

By P. S. Pashkovsky

Theoretical and experimental investigations of the process of self-heating the coal accumulation with use of geological and mining conditions of development of the seams, as well of mass recoil parameters, factors of oxygen diffusion in coals, critical temperatures of self-ignition, incubation times received under laboratory conditions allowed working out the method of the local prognosis of the hazard of coal self-ignition in the course of carrying out the mining operations. New relationships of calculation of critical dimensions of the coal accumulation and of the incubation time are proposed.

Jan 1, 2003

By C. J. Badenhorst

Oxides of sulphur are corrosive and are produced when sulphur-containing fuels are burned. Sulphur dioxide (SO2) is a colourless gas with a characteristic, irritating, pungent odour. Exposure routes to the human body are mainly through inhalation and skin and/or eye contact. Symptoms of exposure to SO2 may include irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat; rhinorrhea (discharge of thin nasal mucous); choking; cough; and reflex bronchoconstriction. To protect employees against the ill health effects of SO2 exposure, they are often required to make use of respiratory protection whenever entering areas were the SO2 levels exceed the statutory limits. The use of respiratory protective equipment should always be a last resort and should be considered only after other control measures have failed to reduce occupational exposure levels to below the occupational exposure limit or whilst other control measures are being investigated or implemented. Whenever the use of respiratory protection equipment is considered, it should always be used as part of a comprehensive respiratory protection plan. It is also extremely important that all potentially exposed persons are adequately and comprehensively informed and trained.

Jan 1, 2007

By J. de V. Lambrechts

A critical comparison of specific cooling power and the wet kata thermometer in hot mining environments By J. de V. Lambreehts. D.Sc. (Eng.) (Rand) A new formula for the wet kata thermometer has been established in place of the currently used one which is believed to be fundamentally wrong and the new formula is compared with the recently proposed specific cooling power concept. Apart from a constant multiplier, it is concluded that the difference between. the two concepts lies solely in the value of 'n' in the function vn and that this value for the cooling power of air on the sweating human body remains to be established reliably. The kata thermometer might yet be found to be a reliable predictor of heat stress in hot environments.

COUNCIL AND STANDING COMMITTEES - 1973-1974 Office Bearers: P. W. J. van Rensburg (President), Professor R. P. Plewman and Dr R. E. Robinson (Vice Presidents), J. K. E. Douglas (Honorary Treasurer), and Dr J. P. Hugo (Immediate Past President). Elected Members of Council: Dr M. G. Atmore, G. H. Grange, Dr P. R. Jochens, J. G. Kirchner, Dr D. I. Legge, W. W. Malan, Dr M. D. G. Salamon, L. W. P. van den Bosch, D. A. Viljoen, P. A. von Wielligh. Branch Chairmen: B. T. Hosking (Witbank-Middelburg Branch), E. T. Wilson (Orange Free State Branch). Past Presidents Serving on Council: R. J. Adamson, M. Barcza, H. Britten, H. E. Cross, Professor J. de V. Lambrechts, R. C. J. Goode, Professor D. D. Howat, D. M. Jamieson, D. G. Maxwell, Dr J. T. McIntyre, V. C. Robinson. Ten Council meetings were held during the year, with an average attendance of 19, and the standing committees held 30 meetings. COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN Membership, Dr R. E. Robinson ; Metallurgical Colloquia, Dr R. E. Robinson ; Mining Colloquia, L. W. P. van den Bosch; Awards, P. W. J. van Rensburg; Excursions, P. A. von Wielligh; Dinner, G. H. Grange ; Constitution, Rules and Policy, Dr J. P. Hugo; Adjudicating, P. W. J. van Rensburg; Mines and Works, W. W. Malan; Education, Dr J. P. Hugo. REPRESENTATIVES ON OTHER BODIES Associated Scientific and Technical Societies: Members : V. C. Robinson and D. G. Maxwell Alternates : P. W. J. van Rensburg and Dr J. P. Hugo. Federation of Societies of Professional Engineers Members : J. K. E. Douglas and P. W. J. van Rensburg Alternates : Dr J. P. Hugo and G. H. Grange. South African Council for Professional Engineers Members : R. C. J. Goode and J. K. E. Douglas Alternates: G. H. Grange and Dr R. E. Robinson. Engineers' Liaison Committee (Pretoria): Member: Professor J. de V. Lambrechts Alternate : Dr J. P. Hugo. MEMBERSHIP Seventeen Fellows and Members, twenty-three Graduates, ten Associate Members, twenty-two Associates, thirty-four Students, and seven Company Affiliates were elected during the year. Eleven Fellows and four Members were admitted to retired membership. Five Fellows were elected to Honorary Life Membership. Four Members, two Graduates, and one Student were transferred to Fellows ; eleven Graduates and Students were transferred to Members ; eight Students to Graduates; and four Students to Associates. A statement of membership as at June 30th 1974 and the end of the previous year is given in the following tabulation 30th - 30th June, - June, 1973 - 1974 Honorary Life Fellows 4 - 9 Honorary Fellows 9 - 8 Life Fellows 177 - 170 Fellows 536 - 544 Members 487 - 512 Associate Members - - 10 Graduates 128 - 130 Associates 186 - 194 Students 183 - 173 Company Affiliates 64 - 70 1 774 - 1 820 OBITUARIES Your Council records with deep regret the death during the year of the following members : Dr P. N. Lategan and Dr O. A. Jackson, Honorary Life Fellows and Past Presidents; C. Airth, T. L. Blunt, J. B. Dennison, A. E. Frazer, C. L. Lamb, V. O. Reid, K. Richardson and D. G. Roberts, Life Fellows ; H. F. Allan, J. T. Beaumont, M. Eisenstein, J. C. Hall, C. F. Louw, H. H. McGregor, R. Murchison, and J. E. Williamson, Fellows; and R. B. Miles, Associate. FINANCE The annual accounts, which follow this report, reflect a healthy position and show that measures taken by Council over the last few years to boost income have been successful. A higher income was needed not only to meet rising costs but also so that the services provided by the Institute for its members could be expanded. This year's income of R55 025 showed a further increase compared with last year's figure of R48 307. Income from subscriptions was higher mainly owing to an increased number of Company Affiliates, and this is indicative of the support given by mining and metallurgical companies to the good work being done by the Institute. Further sales of publications of the symposia held over the last few years again made a useful contribution to income of R4560. The first Winter School held in 1973 yielded a surplus of R7495 after the expenses had been deducted from the income received from registration fees. The cost of administering the Institute increased by R2212 compared with the previous year. Included in this was a donation of R1000 to the A.S. & T.S. Trust Fund. The cost of publishing and printing the Journal increased by R2034, but advertising and extraneous sales of the Journal were higher, with the result that the net cost of the

Jan 10, 1974

By J. D. Austin

Currency fluctuations affect the rand revenues of all exports of mineral commodities, as well as influencing their price on local markets. Of the more than 50 mineral commodities produced by South Africa, about 75 per cent derive 40 to 100 per cent of their revenues from exports. . Although supply and demand are largely beyond its control, management can maximize its revenues despite fluctuating overseas prices and exchange rates by using the right market at the right time. Management can operate in the futures markets, which involve a specific commitment to deliver a specific quantity of a standardized commodity at a set time in the future and at a price that is determined on a futures exchange in open auction; or management can use the options market, in which a producer can insure against the risk of a falling price by taking out a put-option, which gives the holder the right (but not the obligation) to sell the commodity at a stated price at an agreed time in the future. In the forward markets, management has three available tools; forward currency transactions, trading of currency options, and money market hedges. Revenues, currencies of exchange earnings, purchasing power of the rand, and world price trends are shown in over 40 diagrams and tables for the main mineral commodities produced in South Africa.

Jan 1, 1984

By M. Matema

Paper written on project work carried out in partial fulfilment of BSc (Eng.) Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Small and large welded aluminium specimens were tested in fatigue and the results compared with design curves for aluminium in specification BS8118. Metallurgical tests were also performed on the specimens in order to correlate microscopic and macroscopic phenomena. The small-scale fatigue test results were in reasonable agreement with results in BS8118, whereas the large-scale fatigue tests showed that BS8118 is conservative.

Jan 1, 2005

By K. Karaman

This study investigated the effect of surface roughness on Schmidt rebound hardness (RL). Four different test surfaces of rock samples were studied: natural, ground, cut surfaces, and core samples. There was significant variability of standard deviation based on the RL on the natural surface, which indicated high roughness of the rock surface, whereas surface polishing caused a significant decrease in standard deviation. ISRM and ASTM methods were compared to estimate unconfined compressive strength (UCS) for different testing surfaces. RL obtained from the cut surface was found to be more reliable than those obtained from other testing surfaces for the prediction of UCS; however, regression and ANOVA analyses revealed that the ISRM method gave a more accurate UCS estimation of rocks with highly rough surfaces. It was also shown that RL values obtained from a cut surface were significantly higher than those obtained from core samples. Therefore, a comparison between RL values obtained from core samples and cut surfaces was made based on previous studies. This study statistically showed that estimated UCS values are not statistically significant if Schmidt rebound tests are not performed on similar surfaces. In addition, the mineral grain sizes of the studied rocks, different testing surfaces compared with those in literature, and standard deviation from RL are evaluated and discussed. The Schmidt hammer technique is a rapid, inexpensive, and straightforward method for estimating UCS for preliminary assessment; however, roughness of the surface should be eliminated if variations are shown in the surface rebound hardness.

Apr 14, 2024

By D. -H. Park, G. -j. Kim, Y. -J. Park, C. -S. Hong, S. -Y. Choo

To evaluate the quantitative tunnel behavior influenced by characteristics of discontinuity, this pa-per executes the parametric study using 2 and 3-dimensional DEM analysis. First of all, this study finds that displacement and the stress of shortcrete are proportioned to frequency of joint and rockbolt axial force is adversely proportioned too. Secondly, it is found that the most sensitive in-put parameter used in Barton-Bandis(BB) model is residual friction angle. Finally, when joint sets are encountered at tunnel excavation face, to identify the most critical joint orientation is very crucial for a stability of tunnel. La thèse a pour but d’étudier les influences sur la stabilité du tunnel, au niveau du réseau de la discontinuité et de la valeur de sa nature aquis par le projet récemment exécuté en vue de mener à l’analyse quantitative de cette stabilité, en appliquant chaque différent paramètre comme la fréquence de diaclase, la constante de résistance des modèles de Barton-Bandis(BB) ainsi que la relation entre le sens d’excavation du tunnel et le réseau de diaclase en 3 dimensions. En fait, cette étude nous a montré que la fréquence de diaclase s’accroît proportionnellement au déplacement et à la contrainte du béton projeté. L’angle de friction résiduel s’est montré le plus sensible à la stabilité du tunnel parmi les modèles de BB. Aussi à travers l’analyse à 3 dimensions, il s’est vérifié que si l’angle de pente du groupe de diaclase est horizontal entre l’axe du tunnel et la direction, il donne une influence importante sur le comportement du tunnel. En particulier, l’influence était la plus importante sur un fond rocheux dont la diaclase horizontale est grande. Um das quantitative Verhalten des Tunnels zu bewerten, eroertert dieses Papier eine parametrische Studie mit Hilfe der DEM Analyse. Auch wird hier eine zweidimensionale Analyse von Ver-bindungen verschiedener Frequenzen in der Gesteinsmasse, eine sensitive Analyse von allen der im Barton-Bandis-Modell (BB) genutzten Parameter und eine Dreidimensional-Analyse mit ver-schiedenen dreidimensionalen geometrischen Veteilungen von Verbindungen ausgefuehrt. Erstens: Die Studie findet heraus, dass Vedraengung und Druck im Shortcrete proportional zur Frequenz von Verbindungen und Axialkraft der Steinbolzen antiproportinal ist. Zweitens: Es wird herausge-funden, dass die am meisten Sensitiven der im BB-Modell angewendeten Eingaben die am Ende uebriggebliebenen Reibungswinkel sind. Und schliesslich wird herausgefunden, dass wenn Ver-bindungsteile an der Tunnelaushoelungsoberflaeche ausgemacht werden, fuer die Tunnelstabiltaet die Identifikation der meist kritischen Verbindungsorientierung sehr bedeutungsvoll.

Jan 1, 2003

"Chairman: Mr W. S. GALLAGHERRapporteur: Professor A. M. STARFIELDPapers:Long-term mine production scheduling by G. C. S. BurneAn application of linear programming to investment analysis by A. ErlandssonOptimizing medium-term operational plans for a group of copper mines by M. Splaine, D. C. Atkinson, W. Davison and L. SmithThe simulation of underground stoping and transport operations in gold mining by F. H. Touwen and N. C. JoughinProduction planning is a subject that lies at the interface between the computing centre and mine management. Discus¬sion during this session was thus largely concerned, directly or indirectly, with communication between computing and mining personnel, and as such was relevant to the symposium as a whole.Mr A. Weiss set the tone of this discussion by referring to `user-orientated systems'. He congratulated Mr Burne in this regard, pointing out that his long-term production scheduling program, as a computer system, was similar in approach to the manual system it replaced, and was therefore easily understood by planning engineers. He asked whether the schedule engineer had his 'hands on' the system, to which Mr Burne replied that the engineer did in fact spend several days running alternative schemes through the computer. Mr Weiss commented on the advantage of having terminals on site for this sort of engineer-computer interaction. He also commented on the flexibility of Mr Burne's approach to scheduling and how preferable this was to a one-step optimization package. This was brought home by a question from Mr H. D. Small: Mr Burne's program sometimes found it necessary to temporarily halt an advancing face, and he asked whether the logic of the program could be altered to avoid this (e.g. by suitably slowing down the rate of face advance). Mr Burne replied that it was in fact easier for the planning engineer to sort this problem out manually. The way in which the computer results were presented made it particularly simple for the production engineer to see how to avoid or remedy a stopped face.On the technical side, both Mr Weiss and Mr H. M. Wells questioned Mr Burne on the handling of grade control by his program. From answers by Mr Burne and his colleague Mr K. H. Thomson it emerged that a spot-check on grade every now and then was all that was necessary at Mufulira, and that the idea of actual grade control was more a question of short-term than of long-term planning."

Jan 1, 2014

By A. Hotta

Reduction of CO2 emissions is the key driving force behind the development and implementation of new solutions for energy production. One solution is circulating fluidized bed (CFB) combustion technology combined with a high-efficiency once-through water-steam cycle. Foster Wheeler's CFB technology is today commercially available in capacities up to 800 MWe with ultra-supercritical steam parameters. Simultaneously, the Flexi-Burn® CFB technology is being developed to provide capability of flexible operation in air firing and oxy-combustion for carbon capture. CFB technology can offer an attractive solution for the reduction of CO2 emissions, owing to advantages such as fuel flexibility and low emissions that the air-fired CFB technology offers today. Pilot test facilities provide information about the performance of CFB oxy-combustion technology, and the acquired knowledge is being incorporated in boiler modelling and design tools. One of the European R&D initiatives on carbon capture and storage (CCS) is the Technological Centre for CO2 Capture and Transport, which is supported by the Spanish Government through the Fundación Ciudad de la Energía (CIUDEN). CIUDEN is a research and development institution created by the Spanish administration in 2006 and fully conceived for collaborative research in CO2 capture, transportation, and storage. The Technology Development Centre for CO2 Capture and Transport comprises two technologies on oxy-combustion: pulverized coal (PC) and circulating fluidized bed (CFB). This paper will focus on the design and main characteristics of the 30 megawatt-hour thermal capacity (MWth) oxy-CFB boiler. Foster Wheeler is the technology provider of the Flexi-Burn CFB unit, for which commissioning has been completed in the first quarter of 2011. The CFB unit design allows operation either under conven¬tional combustion with air or under oxy-fuel conditions. The size of this experimental boiler is sufficient to allow the scaling of the results to commercial units. In this way, multiple fuels and operating conditions can be tested economically. The results will validate the design of a future 330 MWe supercritical Oxy-Combustion Power Station (OXY-CFB-300 Compostilla Project) intended to demonstrate the CCS technology at commercial scale. The Compostilla OXY-CFB-300 Project is one of the six CCS demonstration projects funded under the European Energy Programme for Recovery (EEPR) of the EU. The project is based on a future 330 MWe CFB supercritical oxy-combustion plant, with CO2 storage in a deep geological formation. The first phase of the project, granted by the EEPR programme and led by the Spanish utility ENDESA, includes all studies and characterization work needed on CO2 capture, transport, and storage, as well the costs, financing, and regulatory and permitting required, prior to the final investment decision for the construction phase of the plant by the end of 2012.

Jan 1, 2012