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By Dagbert M, Belisle J. M

Several packages for the estimation of porphyry type deposits exist and produce acceptable results. Recently, however, the need for really trying to obtain maximum information from drill holes has prompted the generation of geostatistical solutions to the problem of reserve calculation. It will be shown that an understanding of a few key points is necessary in order for these solutions (variogram analysis and kriging) to he really ptimal. The most important new fact to be ecognized in open pit ore reserve estimation is that block models do not give an accurate rediction of ore tonnage when a cut-off is pplied but often yield an overestimation of p to 25%. When checked against extensive roduction records, geostatistical methods provide a practical solution to this problem. t now seems that the model used here gives he best possible results. Inasmuch as all arge deposits present very similar geostatis- ical characteristics only a few days of work re necessary to produce a complete inventory f these. The techniques used will be demon- trated using examples from five deposits and pecial emphasis will be given to the accurate rediction of tonnages of ore and waste using he new "transfer function" technique of G.

Jan 1, 1977

By D J. Logan, J Jackson

"As of 1 December 2014, the 2012 edition of the JORC Code requires Ore Reserves to be defined by studies at the pre-feasibility or feasibility level. This paper examines how the pathway for most mining developments is determined in the Pre-Feasibility Study and how a trade-off must be made between the need to make the best decision, the constraints of limited time and resources, and the level of the project’s accuracy and uncertainty in terms of value. Issues considered include framing the scope of the study, planning for robust decision-making and ensuring effective communication between the diverse disciplines within the team.An inherent conflict exists between the immediate value added to a mining business from an increase in ore reserves resulting from a ‘quick’ Pre-Feasibility Study and the long-term value of pursuing a development strategy based on proper investigation and evaluation of the options. Recognition and resolution of this conflict is necessary if a project is to progress into future development stages, both in a timely manner and with the optimal development alternative and strategy.The challenge for project developers and those conducting the Pre-Feasibility Study is to understand what the key deliverables are (ie an Ore Reserve statement, option selection, business evaluation, forward work plan or risks) and how to follow good practice to ensure that these deliver value.CITATION:Logan, D J and Jackson, J, 2016. The pre-feasibility study – big choices, little time, in Proceedings Project Evaluation 2016, pp 122–132 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne)."

Mar 8, 2016

By William C. Peters

The pre-production interval, beginning with the recognition of an orebody's best potential and ending with significant production, contains time-dependent conditions well appreciated by miners but not always understood or appreciated by the landowners, investors, and legislators with whom a miner must deal. The expression persists, even outside of Western fiction, that someone has "found a mine." From a slightly more knowledgeable position, the question is asked "How long does it take to make a mine?" and an all-encompassing answer is expected. By scanning the discovery and development history of hundreds of mines and rejecting those which involve rehabilitation or expansion of older mines, some generalizations can be attempted. It should be kept in mind that while physical conditions involving the geology of the orebody and the geographic surroundings do not change markedly with time, technologic and economic conditions do change from year to year. The new methods, facilities, markets, land tenure, and politics form a pattern in which today's mines are made and which do sometimes modify the pre-production interval.

Jan 8, 1966

By Duane L. Abata

This paper discusses recent technology dealing with the use of computer graphics in the mining industry and presents a newly developed computer software package specifically designed for use in underground mining operations. This software package, developed under a United States Bureau of Mines contract, 1) displays mine ventilation schematics and other representative illustrations for a real time data acquisition system and 2) utilizes the Bureau-owned Minefire and Ventilation Code for display of ventilation and contamination predictions on the microprocessor system. The package utilizes a unique system of display indexing that provides a simple yet efficient method of recalling a series of mine schematics detailing an underground operation and an alarm acknowledgement scheme that provides an effective method of identifying problem areas which may exist in the mine network. The package was written in Fortran for a 64 kilobyte, Z80-based microprocessor-computer.

Jan 1, 1984

By J. Olson

"A model was developed to use near-infrared (NIR) analysis of pulverized ore samples to estimate the recoverable gold content for ores from the Barrick Cortez Hills underground mine. Current routing practices use a ratio of the cyanide soluble gold content and fire assayed gold (CN/FA) to classify ores as oxide or refractory. Prediction accuracy of the NIR model was equivalent to the CN/FA ratio. Prediction accuracy was improved by combining the CN/FA ratio and the NIR spectra. Bootstrap validation estimates the root-mean-square error to be 9.92% with an estimated r-squared value of 0.893. This model will allow more accurate estimates of the variability in recoverable gold content throughout this mine. These data will aid in building an improved geo-metallurgical model or in making better informed routing decisions during the production cycle.INTRODUCTION The contained gold of an ore available for cyanidation is often related to subtle variations in the mineralogy. It is difficult and expensive to collect enough mineralogical information in order to predict how the variable mineralogy will impact the metallurgical results and project economics throughout the life of the mine or mill. Near-infrared spectroscopy may be an effective tool to rapidly and inexpensively collect discrete, quantitative mineralogical data for minerals that contain transition metal oxides, metal sulfides with semi-conduction properties, rare earth metals, and some chemical groups having di-pole covalent bonds such as carbonates, sulfates, and various types of clays (Hunt, 1977). Near-infrared spectroscopy can be a powerful tool for geo-metallurgical characterization of deposits where the presence of these minerals has direct or indirect relationships to metallurgical results such as grindability, regent consumption, or recovery. Near infrared spectroscopy is a rapid analysis that measures the intensity of reflected light in the near-infrared spectrum. The ranges for the ASD-Panalytical units used in this study extend through the visible spectrum and into part of the UV spectrum, reporting reflection by wavelength from between 350 nm to 2500 nm. Absorption peaks visible in this range are a result of interactions with outer valence elections or chemical bonds. The location and intensity of the peaks vary depending on the chemical composition and crystal structure of a solid indicating the presence and abundance certain minerals (Hunt, 1977; Clark, 1984)."

Jan 1, 2017

By Susanna G. de Jager, Francis W. Petersen

"The aim of the project was to develop a methodology applicable to different South African coal types to be able to predict with a high degree of certainty what kind of reagent will be suitable for flotation of a certain coal type.The study included 5 coal samples from different collieries and included Highveld seam 3 and 4 coal (as one sample), Waterberg coal (zone 10 -11), Highveld seam 5 upper coal and Witbank seam 2 and seam 4 coal. Seam 3 and 4 (mixture) coal, Waterberg and the seam 5 upper coal were all found to be vitrinite rich coals. The coal characterisation study included petrographic analysis, proximate analysis, float-sink analysis, oxygen-containing functional groups, surface extraction, flotation release analysis and contact angle measurements.The flotation tests showed that the best reagents to float all of the coal samples studied are iso-decanol and dodecene. These reagents produced flotation products that are near to the release curve. Statistical relationship for predicting ash content and yield that can be expected for a certain coal type and selected collector was obtained. From the relationship, the accuracy of the yield is above 95% (p-value below 0.05) with a linear regression of 0.9289. The accuracy of the ash is slightly lower with a linear regression of 0.7841 but also above 95%."

Jan 1, 2003

By Susanna G. de Jager, Francis W. Petersen

"To enable the prediction of reagents suitable for fine coal flotation, it is necessary to develop a methodology applicable to different South African coal types. Statistical confirmation of the applicability of this methodology is important to avoid recommendation of reagents on a trial and error basis.The study included 5 coal samples from different collieries and included Highveld seam 3 and 4 coal (as one sample), Waterberg coal (zone 10 -11), Highveld seam 5 upper coal and Witbank seam 2 and seam 4 coal. Seam 3 and 4 (mixture) coal, Waterberg and the seam 5 upper coal were all found to be vitrinite rich coals. The coal characterisation study included petrographic analysis, proximate analysis, float-sink analysis, oxygen-containing functional groups, surface extraction, flotation release analysis and contact angle measurements. Flotation tests were used to validate expectations from the characterisation of the coal samples.RESULTSThe flotation data indicated that all of the coal samples were amendable to froth flotation. The best results were obtained with the Witbank seam 2 coal and the poorest flotation with Syferfontein seam 5 coal. The flotation tests showed that the best reagents to float all of the coal samples studied were iso-decanol and dodecene. These reagents produced flotation products that were near to the release curve, which are the optimum flotation results (obtained when using iso-paraffin as collector). Dodecene resulted in low ash products and iso-decanol in high yield products."

Jan 1, 2003

By Lightfoot. Nicholas, Na Liu

"Mining in multi-seam workings has been undertaken for many years in the VK Remnant pillars above and/or below current working areas have an important influence on retreat gateroad conditions at five of the remaining six deep coal mines. These interaction effects need lo be predicted ahead of mining so that longwall panels can be positioned to minimize roadway damage and to identify areas where additional support should be installed early into competent strata when and where it is most effective.Currently, three-dimensional elastic stress analysis using MAP3D is undertaken to predict local vertical and horizontal stress magnitudes during gateroad development and in front of the face on retreat. The predicted stress fields are often used as input to FLAC for roadway modelling.Using Maltby Colliery in South Yorkshire as a case study, this paper illustrates the MAP3D approach, together with its current limitations and uncertainties. Possible future improvements in the analysis method are proposed and the authors would welcome comments on these, or suggestions for alternative approaches.MODELLING OF MULTl-SEAM LAYOUT & MULTI-SEAM INTERACTIONThe remaining large coal mines in the UK arc operating at depths of 800-1, 150 m (2,625-3,773 ft). Production panels are now mined on retreat after the accompanying single entry access roadways have been completed. These gateroads are typically supported with a system of steel rock bolts and cable in the roof and steel bolts and glass re in forced polymer (G RP) dowels in the sidewalls.In addition to new panels being mined in the vicinity of old goafed districts, a significant amount of extraction has usually already taken place in coal seams above and/or below the current working areas. This means that there is also interaction between the current workings and the remnants of the old workings in other seams. As a consequence of the mining methods employed, old workings can have a complex geometry compri ing collapsed and partially collapsed excavations intersper ed with small and large pillars of unmined coal. The unmined coal pillar act as stress concentrators that carry the overburden load while the mined out excavations create stress shadows of varying degrees depending on how much collap e and reconsolidat ion has occurred. This is illustrated by a simple elastic model as shown in Figure I."

Jan 1, 2010

By C. Tong, B. Hilscher

"Sensor based ore sorting is being rapidly adopted by the mining industry. The ability to boost mill feed grade by rejecting waste grade rocks early in the process has proven revolutionary for some operations.This paper briefly reviews the current position of ore sorting in the industry, as well as abridged results from specific operations such as Barrick, McEwen, New Gold, and two others. The paper also introduces the concept of “Profit Recovery™”, the measuring of recovery based on rock profitability rather than just metal content.IntroductionSensor based ore sorting is being rapidly adopted by the mining industry. The ability to increase mill feed grade by rejecting waste grade rocks early in the processing stage is proving to be revolutionary for some operations. These potential outcomes have been too invaluable to be overlooked by both producing operations and prospective projects, thus leading to a wide range of studies on ore sorting. In addition, the advent of ore sorting has also called for a new standard of recovery analysis. The answer to this is the creation of a new term and concept - Profit Recovery™.This paper evaluates the most recent results of ore sorting in the mining industry, and presents the results from five different mining operations. Additionally, this paper will discuss and evaluate the Profit Recovery™ of each of these operations. The goal of this paper is to address common concerns regarding ore sorting rejects and their actual impact on project economics.State Of The ArtOre Sorting is a sensor-based sorting and pre-concentration technology implemented before the processing stage that is used to reduce the amount of waste reporting to the mill feed. This technology can also be utilized to recover ore from previously uneconomic waste, as well as reduce the mill energy and reagent consumption (Tong, 2012). In greenfield projects, sensor-based sorting can further provide value by reducing processing capital costs. The decline of available high grade orebodies and decreasing head grades has further increased the attractiveness of pre-concentration, and subsequently ore sorting (Lessard et al., 2014).There are currently two notable types of sensor-based sorting: bulk and rock-by-rock. Bulk sorting consists of live, high tonnage sorting that can be installed on a scoop or on a conveyor belt with a diverter. Rock-by-rock is a selective sorting method that scans and sorts individual rocks on a conveyor belt, and rejects rocks using air jets or mechanical levers. Figure 1 shows a diagram for a typical air jet sorter."

Jan 1, 2018

Following the preparation of tantalum oxide and carbide (1) an investigation of the details relating to the production of tantalum metal powder was planned. From the literature (2) it was evident that tantalum could be produced either by reduction of potassium tantalum fluoride with an alkali metal or by electrolysis of a fused salt mixture containing a tantalum compound. The latter method appeared to be the more suitable and, as there was considerable divergence of opinion in the literature as to the nature of the reactions involved, it was decided to study the electrolytic process. The ultimate aim in any case was to produce tantalum pOWder for use in an investigation of the problems relating to the preparation of consolidated tantalum.FACTORS GOVERNING ELECTROLYSISAfter a few preliminary exploratory electrolyses several factors which needed amplification were revealed. These will be mentioned before the details of the electrolysis experiments are given.COMPOSITION OF THE BATHWithout the knowledge gained in the preliminary experiments it would be thought that the best material for the bath would be that one which underwent electrolytic decomposition. Consider what at first appeared the most likely - namely - potassium tantalum fluoride. The melting point of K2TaF7 was determined to be 630°C with volatilization and decomposition taking place at that temperature so that it would not have been very satisfactory.

Jan 1, 1946

By Paul Sterling

1. INTRODUCTION. THE general impression regarding the preparation of merchantable anthracite is that it is confined to a colossal, grimy structure, called a "coal-breaker." This name is misnomer; for the desired result is not to break the coal, but to prevent its being broken. Preparation may be said to begin at the face of the chamber, with the mining and loading of the coal. Local conditions vary, not only in the same field or basin, but also in the same mine, so that there is no fixed empirical rule governing the method of blasting or cutting coal. Tests should be made, when possible, to determine the explosive, or the mechanical coal-cutter, which will produce the largest percentage of what are locally known as " lump " and " prepared sizes " of anthracite. The prepared sizes are those mostly consumed for domestic purposes. All other sizes might be called by-products of the anthracite industry; for they are not especially desirable, being the degradation resulting from the mining and handling of a brittle or laminated material. Being low in volatile combustible matter, anthracite burns most successfully when nearly of a uniform size, permitting the easy passage of air through the voids. This accounts for the large number of sizes into which the coal is separated. Table I. gives the various sizes, the diameter of ring over and through which each size is made, and the usual purpose for which it is employed.

Oct 1, 1911

By H. S. Geismer

INTRODUCTION. THERE are three general methods available for obtaining commercial brown iron-ore : hand-screening; washing; and washing and concentrating. Hand-screening has produced a large tonnage of ore in the past, but is rapidly falling into disuse, except as a preliminary step, largely because modern furnace-practice requires all foreign material to be separated from ores before they are delivered to the furnace, and hand-screened ores can rarely be made to fulfill that requirement. Another argument against hand-screening is, that the waste-pile often contains as much ore as the screen recovers. The operation known as hand-screening consists of throwing the ore-bearing material against a stationary inclined screen of 0.5- to 0.75-in. mesh, similar in construction to the screens employed in sand-pits. The recently-prospected brown-ore deposits of Cuba seem to offer possibilities for hand-screening not possessed by the average American deposit, since these ores are not associated with worthless clays. Washing, and washing and concentrating, may be discussed together, since concentrating is never practical on brown iron-ore, except to treat ores that have already been washed. (Strictly speaking, washing might be classed as concentrating, but it is never so designated by brown-ore men.) The various steps of removing ore-bearing material and converting it into ore suitable for blast-furnace use, may be grouped under five heads: loading for transportation ; transporting ; feeding into the washer; washing; and concentrating. These five subjects will be considered in consecutive order. Each of these successive steps may be accomplished in a number of different ways, the choice depending entirely upon the character of the ore-bearing material to be treated.

Aug 1, 1911

By W. L. Hunter

The preparation of coal for the commercial market is a study both varied and wide, and can be viewed from many angles and in different ways. This short paper can but touch upon the subject and is intended to discuss briefly preparation plants which in some cases would seem to be quite inadequate. The conditions confronting most operators are similar, inasmuch as the existing plants were not built specifically to prepare a product for the market of today, but rather of yesterday. The tremendous strides made in the field of combustion in recent years require that the product be of the highest grade procurable, and in a glutted and somewhat restricted market the buyer may be more pernickety than otherwise. These would appear to be the conditions of today. Where a mine is operated individually, better all-round results seem more readily procurable than in a consolidated effort where so many different conditions are sure to arise demanding cognizance, and in many cases requiring to be incorporated in the scheme of things. In the case of a number of mines being administered to form a central source, that source not having had anything to do with the bringing into being of the institutions over which it presides, we find some of the mines well equipped with facilities to properly screen and load the coal, while in others the facilities are not so good, but are doing their share towards delivering a product that will pass muster and in such quantities that they can be counted on.

Jan 1, 1930

By J. B. Morrow

Methods of Coal Preparation Fundamentally, the object of coal preparation is to increase, economically, the value of a fuel by making it more suitable to the uses of the consumer. This can be accomplished in three major ways: 1.Screening or sizing 2.-Mixrng or blending 3.-Cleaning By combinations of any or all of these methods we can prepare coal to meet standard specifications-a process of standardization which is the more desirable the more nearly it approaches the unvarying quality of packaged goods, where the package you buy today and tomorrow is the same as that you bought yesterday. It should be noted that it is readily possible to get good cleaning and still have poor preparation because of faulty screening and mixing, and, on the other hand, it is possible to get a passable grade of cleaning, combined with good screening and mixing facilities.

Jan 1, 1931

By John M. Heckard

It all started with the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, which establishes that Congress is committed to restore and maintain environ- mental quality. It directs all federal agencies to identify and develop methods and procedures so that environmental parameters and values will be given equal consideration in the decision-making process, along with economic and technical parameters. Section 102 of the Act directs, among other things, that all agencies will submit a detailed statement on: (1) the environmental impact of the proposed action, (2) any adverse environmental effects which cannot be avoided should the proposal be implemented, (3) alternatives to the proposed action, (4) the relationship between local short term uses of man's environment and the maintenance and enhancement of long term productivity, (5) any irreversible and irretrievable committments of resources which would be involved in the proposed action should it be implemented. Passage of this act has been followed by other legislation, both federal and state. The Water Quality Act of 1970 puts teeth into the previously existing Federal Water Pollution Control Act by requiring a "certificate of reasonable assurance that the activity licensed will not violate the applicable water quality standards." The Clean Air Act of 1970 requires that the Environ- mental Protection Agency establish national air quality standards, as well as standards for significant new pollution sources.

Jan 1, 1973

By Sihua Lei, Hong Zhong, Shuai Wang, Yu Gan, Zhanfang Cao

High purity MgO is widely used in various fields as an important magnesiumcompound. The separation of Mg and Ca is of great importance for the preparation of high purity MgO from dolomite. In this study, the key effects of carbonization temperature and nano-calcium carbonate agglomeration on the separation mechanism of calcium and magnesium have been investigated. The results indicated that the reaction in the carbonization process was stepwise. Precise control of the carbonization temperature was essential for the formation of Mg(HCO3)2 due to its low reaction efficiency at lower temperatures or decomposition markedly at higher temperatures. Meanwhile, there was a common-ion effect in solutions containing Mg2+ and Ca2+. Nano-CaCO3 particles were formed during carbonization and agglomerated with the prolongation of static time. A product with a purity of 99.56% MgO and 0.16% CaO was obtained under the optimized conditions: ratio of liquid–solid 30 L/g, carbonization temperature 22–25 °C, carbonization time 1 h, and refining time 4 h. This work has important guiding significance for the preparation of high purity magnesium oxide from dolomite.

Apr 21, 2020

By Adam L. Wesner, A. C. Richardson

DURING World War II the demand for electrode carbon was greater than could be met by the supply of petroleum coke available for this use. It was believed that coke made from an extremely low-ash coal might be a suitable substitute for petroleum coke. Requirements for electrode carbon to be used for the production of aluminum are that the silicon plus iron content shall be not more than 0.14 pct of the coke. However, during the period when petroleum coke was in short supply, it appeared that relaxations of the specifications might be allowed to permit 0.4 pet iron plus silicon in the coke. For this work, the specifications were that the coal should contain less than 1 pet of ash, and the combined iron and silicon content of the coal should not exceed 0.28 pct. Heavy-liquid separations made on a number of coals showed that if certain size fractions of some coals were separated at low specific gravities the resulting float products would meet the required specifications. The objective of this work was to develop a continuous, commercially feasible process for producing low-ash coal. After consideration of various processes, the method chosen was a float-and-sink separation using a solution of calcium chloride as the separating medium. Eagle Seam coal was used for the experiments. The -10 +35 mesh fraction was found to be the most promising feed for producing the low-ash [ ] content coal. A batch of 30 tons of -3/8-in. coal was screened at 10 and 35 mesh; the yield of -10 +35 mesh was 20 pct of the feed. This fraction comprised the feed for the separation tests. In spite of the fact that this portion was screened a second time at 35 mesh, the coal still contained 16 pct that was finer than 35 mesh. Three-fourths of the undersize was in the -35 +48 mesh range. A representative portion of the -10 +35 mesh fraction was subjected to batch float-and-sink separations to determine the best gravity to be used in the continuous tests to obtain a high recovery of low-ash content coal. The heavy liquid used was a mixture of carbon tetrachloride and benzene which assured complete wetting of all of the particles. As usual in batch separations, adequate time was allowed for each separation so that even the near gravity particles had ample time to separate. The separations were made at increments of 0.01 sp gr from 1.25 to 1.28 and also at 1.32 and 1.59. Each specific-gravity increment was assayed for ash content. From these data it was concluded that 1.27 sp gr was best for the continuous separation of the coal. The products from the batch separation were composited into float 1.27 and sink 1.27 sp-gr fractions; these were assayed for ash, iron, and silicon. Table I shows the results of the batch separations. The composite float 1.27 fraction contained 66.04 pct of the total weight, and had an analysis of 0.79 pet ash, 0.073 pct iron, and 0.112 pct silicon, or 0.185 pct iron and silicon combined. These data are indicative of the results possible if a perfect separation is made at 1.27 sp gr under static conditions. Inasmuch as the method under investigation is a dynamic system these results could not be obtained. It remained to be determined, however, just how close to the theoretical results the actual continuous separation would be.

Jan 1, 1952

Two key elements in the design of a pastefill or high density backfill system are the preparation of the backfill material and its distribution underground. This paper examines these two areas. Owing to the essentially impervious nature of total mill tailings, preparation of pastefill and high density fill from current tailings involves a physical dewatering process. There are currently three methods available for this process: Vacuum or pressure filters. These represent the ætraditionalÆ approach to the preparation of pastefill. Paste production storage mechanism. This is a thickening/storage mechanism developed with the specific objective of producingpaste/high density backfills. Fluidization. This system utilises silos fitted with simple dewatering devices and nozzles. Recently developed by CANMET, it provides the simplest and most economical approach.This paper describes and compares the three preparation methods, from a practical and an economic point of view. Once the pastefill/high density fill has been prepared and binder added, the backfill must be distributed underground into the stopes. A fundamental factor in the design of a distribution system is the rheology of the material. No two materials will exhibit the same properties, and a sequence of rheological and related testing is required prior to the completion of the design of the underground distribution system. This paper covers the testwork normally required and discusses the fundamental design parameters of pastefill distribution systems. The final section of this paper summarises the use of pastefill at three mines in Canada.

Jan 1, 1998

Two key elements in the design of a pastefill or high density hackfill system are the preparation of the backfill material and its distribution underground. This paper examines these two areas. Owing to the essentially impervious nature of total mill tailings, preparation of pastefill and high density fill from current tailings involves a physical dewatering process. There are currently three methods available for this process: I. Vacuum or pressure filters. These represent the 'traditional' approach to the preparation of pastefill. 2. Paste production storage mechanism. This is a thickening/storage mechanism developed with the specific objective of producing paste/high density backfills. 3. Fluidization. This system utilises silos fitted with simple dewatering devices and nozzles. Recently developed by CANMET, it provides the simplest and most economical approach. This paper describes and compares the three preparation methods, from a practical and an economic point of view. Once the pastefill/high density fill has been prepared and binder added, the backfill must be distributed underground into the stopes. A fundamental factor in the design of a distribution system is the rheology of the material- No two materials will exhibit the same properties, and a sequence of rheological and related testing is required prior to the completion of the design of the underground distribution system. This paper covers the testwork normally required and discusses the fundamental design parameters of pastefill distribution systems. The final section of this paper summarises the use of pastefill at three mincsin Canada.

Jan 1, 1998

By W. J. Wright

Summary This paper describes the general situation of the mining industry in New Brunswick, and gives a detailed description of the recent developments in the antimony deposits at Lake George and the copper deposits in the vicinity of New Horton. At the end are lists of the most interesting geological literature relating to the Province and of the geological and topographic maps that have been published. Introduction In presenting this paper to the Institute, I apologize for the small amount of scientific data which it contains. Recent investigations in the Province of New Brunswick have been carried on largely by outside interests, and at present we ourselves are in the position .of taking stock. However, I am glad of the opportunity of giving you a general idea of the situation. The Province is making an honest effort to learn the truth concerning her mineral deposits and in time hopes to collect data which should be of interest to the mining community.

Jan 1, 1931