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By Adnan A. Malik, Tadashi Maejima, Jiro Kuwano

"ABSTRACTTheoretical approach to estimate the ultimate pile capacity gives a rough idea at the initial stage of design that later on strengthen by the execution of static pile load test at site. The static pile load test is the only best option for the estimation of ultimate capacity of various types of piles. There are various methods based on strength, serviceability, net deflection for end bearing, shaft adhesion, graphical and extrapolation approaches for the interpretation of pile load test data to calculate the ultimate capacity. In this paper an attempt is made to evaluate the best-fit method for the estimation of ultimate capacity of single helix screw pile. The pile load tests on model scale were performed on screw piles of different helix diameter. The purpose of adopting model scale of testing was to achieve a state at which settlement increases without further increase in vertical load. The ground was compacted with dry sand at denser state. It was observed from the test results that extrapolation methods such as Chin- Kondner and Decourt predict the load settlement curve of screw piles very well, however ultimate pile capacity was on higher side which may not be suitable for the strength of helix plate. Decourt approach to plot the pile load data showed clear indication of the deformation of helix due to strong subsurface condition. A modified approach in Decourt method is proposed for estimating the ultimate capacity of screw pile having deformed helix whereas reduction factor is suggested for Chin-Kondner method for the estimation of ultimate capacity of intact screw pile.INTRODUCTIONDeep foundations are used to avoid the soft ground at shallow depth that is not suitable for carrying the structural load. Different types of piles have been used to transfer the load to deeper stratum. The screw pile is one of the new piling method and its use is considerably increasing. It consists of a cylindrical steel shaft with one or more helices at various length of the shaft. The diameter of helices (Dw) is usually 2 – 2.5 times the shaft diameter (Ds). The pile is installed to the required depth through torque and pressure. The advantage of screw pile over other piling system is its quick installation mechanism, high end-bearing and uplift resistance, noise reduction and minimum use of man power."

Jan 1, 2014

By I. Stanoev, V. S. Stoilov, I. Gradinarov, E. D. Visariev, I. A. Bonchev, Aurubis Bulgaria

"Aurubis is the leading integrated copper group and the world’s largest copper recycler. In Copper smelter Aurubis Bulgaria (Pirdop), the residual copper in the slags from Flash furnace and Converters is recovered by flotation. The slag processing comprises: pit cooling, crushing, two stages grinding (autogenous and ball) and flotation. The copper concentrate is thickened and then is filtrated by vacuum disk filter. The thickener overflow is sent to settler for additional clarification. A resent throughput increase resulted in higher solid content in the thickener overflow due to insufficient thickener area. Different scenarios to overcome the issue were evaluated (new thickener, reagents and reconstruction). An increase of the thickening area by installation of lamella modules was chosen as the most promising option. Three lamella modules (1 m3 each) were installed in conventional thickener for the test. Number of sampling campaigns was done to evaluate the effect on solid content in overflow. Parameters of the dewatering cycle were collected during sampling campaign. The products grain size distribution was defined - thickener feed, thickener overflow with and without lamella. The thickener overflow with lamella modules has 2.12 g/L less solid content. The decrease was 71.8%. According to the tests results, the whole conventional thickener was reconstructed with lamella modules. The thickener area was increased by more than 400 m2.INTRODUCTIONIn Copper smelter Aurubis Bulgaria, the copper in slag from the Flash furnace and the Converters is recovered by flotation. The scheme of slag processing is crushing, two stage grinding (autogenous and ball) and flotation. Till 2010 the grinding cycle in the plant was in two stages: the first stage was AG Mill 70×23 working with a classifier and the second stage was ball mill 3.6/5.5 working with a hydrocyclone. In 2010 a new AG Mill 65×78 with hydrocyclone was put in operation in order to increase throughput of the plant. The second stage of the grinding cycle was not changed."

Jan 1, 2016

By Fabio Terzi

In this investigation some preliminary results are reported about the electrochemical oxidation of CO using goldbased encapsulated nanoparticles grafted on conducting substrate. The investigation has been planned in four steps: 1. production of Au(111) substrate and modification with self assembled monolayers; 2. synthesis and embedding of nanoparticles; 3. grafting of encapsulated nanoparticles on electrode substrates; 4. investigation of CO electroxidation on the modified electrode. The systems were characterized by means of various techniques (spectroscopic, microscopic, and electrochemical methods), obtaining information about SAM's structure and morphology, size and composition of nanoparticles and electrochemical behavior of modified electrodes.

Oct 1, 2003

By Kenta Kusunose, Dadang Sundana, Ahmad Munib Fikry, Yosuke Unno

PT Smelting has operated the Mitsubishi Process in which feed materials are charged into the S- furnace through top lances using a pneumatic conveying system comprising 6 feeding tanks (S-Feeding Tanks). Each S-Feeding Tank was designed as a batch machine and had been operated in a batch mode so that feed materials are conveyed 70% of the operating time (conveying time). An S-Feeding Tank was revamped in August 2016 in order to attempt to achieve 100% conveying time during operation, aiming to reduce the furnace draft fluctuations and melt temperature fluctuations leading to reduced copper losses to slag and refractory wear on the sidewall in the melt zone. After two-year operation with some adjustments and modifications, it was concluded that the new system works as expected. During scheduled major shutdown in November 2018, the same modification was applied to all other 5 feeding tanks as the first one, while several modifications other than the S-Feeding system were also conducted for the purpose of expanding the capacity of the smelter. INTRODUCTION PT. Smelting (PTS) Gresik Copper Smelter and Refinery is located 30 kilometers north of the city of Surabaya, East Java major port. PT Smelting equity partners are Mitsubishi Materials with 60.5%, PT. Freeport Indonesia with 25%, Mitsubishi Corporation RtM Japan Ltd. with 9.5% and JX Nippon Mining and Metals corporation with 5.0%. PTS was established in February 1996 and started commercial operation of the Mitsubishi Process in 1999. The Mitsubishi Process is a unique technology which connects 3 stationary furnaces, namely the Smelting furnace (S-furnace), Slag-Cleaning furnace (CL-furnace) and Converting furnace (C-furnace) by covered launders. These features result in savings in manpower and energy, and make the process more environmentally friendly since there is no ladle transfer of melt. Figure 1 illustrates the outline of the Mitsubishi Process.

Jan 1, 2019

By Strickland R. E J

Heap leaching is establishing itself as an efficient method for the extraction of gold from low grade ore. It has the advantage of low capital costs, low operating costs and rapid startup. However, not all ores are amenable to heap leaching. It is only applicable to well oxidized ores that have reasonable permeability characteristics. Ore with excess fines or clay often display low permeability and are unsuitable for heap leaching.In this study, an attempt has been made to increase the rate of cyanide leach solution percolation by flocculating clay particles or reducing the surface tension of the leach solution. A wetting agent was found to decrease the rate of gold dissolution, possibly by presenting a hydrophobic surface to the gold particle. Flocculation of the clay increased the solution flow rate. The flocculation agent had no affect on the total gold leached but decreased the leaching rate.

Jan 1, 1992

By Floyd JM

Pilot plant trials showed the effective ness of the submerged lance SIROSMELT technology for altering the composition of iron blast furnace slags as a preliminary step to produc- tion of formed materials. Mixtures of oil and air were injected into a bath of liquid slag to provide the heat required for melting the additives and to provide very turbulent conditions which resulted in complete dissol- ution of added fluorspar within one minute and almost complete dissolution of silica in two minutes. Sulphur lost during injection was readily made up by addition of pyrite or pyrrhotite. A stable foam could be readily made and broken down and the foamed slag appeared suitable for extrusion or forming into shapes.

Jan 1, 1979

By A. D. Davis

Limestone-based material shows great promise for removal of arsenic from water. In laboratory tests, it has removed more than 95% or arsenic and more than 99% of cadmium and lead. In addition, the waste material appears to be suitable for recycling or disposal in an ordinary landfill. However, the efficiency of limestone for arsenic removal could be improved. Recent research has shown that iron treatment of limestone can enhance its arsenic-removal efficiency greatly, increasing its attractiveness as an alternative to other methods.

Jan 1, 2012

By M. M. Yahyaei

The Sarcheshmeh new concentration plant uses a 32 ft×16 ft constant speed (10.5 RPM) SAG mill with two 5500 hp motors which could rotate in two directions. The mill liners are chrome-molybdenum steel casting type with a Brinnell hardness between 325 and 375 with the lifter face angle of 14° and lifter height of 152 mm. The shell liner consists of 120 (two 60 rows) pieces with a High-High configuration in a rail design. A specially designed liner wear profile measuring device enabled fast and accurate measurements inside the mill during the mill shut-down periods. The measurements indicated that the liner wear profile along the liner length is non-uniform and the highest wear occurs between 1.25m and 2.75m of the mill length. The average weight of liners at the time of removal was 47% of the original weight indicating a significant metal loss. The modification of liner shape was undertaken with the aim of having a uniform profile at the liner removal time. The proposed liner unlike the pervious type did not have a uniform shape with a lifter height of 187mm at the section where the wear rate was high. It was believed that this new profile could arrive at a uniform profile at the liner change out time. A study was also directed to the possible change of charge motion due to the liner profile modification. The dynamic behaviour of charge was investigated through the analysis of forces acting on a single ball using mill characteristics such as mill diameter, rotational speed, lifter height and release angle. The simulation of charge motion with this method and Milltraj TM software indicated that the impact position of charge will change only one degree due to the maximum increase of 35 mm in the lifter height. This assured that the installation of the modified liner would not have any adverse effect on the mill because of ball impacting the mill shell. It was predicated that the amount of scrap metal will reduce to 30% from the current value of 47% beside 1500 h increase in the liner life time.

Jan 1, 2014

By Y. Shigeno

The reactivity of a porous solid is a strong function of its pore structure (porosity, pore surface area and pore size distribution). It follows that reactivity could be altered by altering pore structure; one way to achieve this is by chemical vapor infiltration whereby a gaseous species is reacted in the porous solid to produce a solid. Experiments were carried out in which the pore structures of various carbons were modified by cracking methane within the pores; oxidation rates of the carbons were then measured for both infiltrated and original samples. For coke it was found that two indices of coke performance used in the steel industry (CRI and CSR) can be greatly improved following a small amount of infiltration. Infiltration/oxidation results are interpreted in terms of measured pore structure changes.

Jan 1, 1993

By V S. Vutukuri, K Shariar

This paper present a modification of selected strength criteria for coal and rocks containing weakness planes. The three strength criteria, namely, Murrell (1965), Bieniawski (1974a, 1983) and Hoek and Brown (1980) have been assessed for coal (containing weakness planes) by using triaxial strength tests. Triaxial test results indicated that the strength of coal specimens depends on the weakness plane inclination with respect to the principal stress direction. However it is shown that with increasing confining pressure, the effect of weakness planes inclination on the strength of coal specimens is reduced. The constant parameters in the three failure criteria for coal are determined for each weakness plane inclination by using the Datafit computer program (nonlinear regression analysis) and the results are compared with other rock types.

Jan 1, 1999

By Clarence Hardy Long

In January of 1969 the United States Department of Health, Education and Welfare, through the National Air Pollution Control Administration, published a series of Air Quality Criteria (4'S) and Control Techniques (6,7) for air pollutants in compliance with the 1967 Clean Air Act which will affect the operation of all fuel burning equipment in the very near future. The design of equipment for the future which will use fossil fuels will also be affected. The purpose of this paper is to discuss some of the modifications which might be anticipated in the future for fuel burning equipment. One class of the several air pollutants looked at first by the USDHEW was the sulfur oxides. Other pollutants, such as nitrogen oxides, will be studied and controls for these will supposedly be written in due time. The obvious use of low-sulfur fuels, coal, oil and natural gas is suggested by the Control Technique(6). Conversion to other sources of power, such as nuclear energy and hydropower, is also suggested. The statement is made that since possible hydroelectric sources are limited and nuclear plants are not yet available on a large scale, the changeover to these sources of power will not be overnight. The bulletin (6) suggests that one possible solution in some areas may be the use of low sulfur coals for short periods of time during periods of severe air pollution. A curve showing the effect of this was given in the 1969 April issue of the Power magazine, where A. E. Boyer and F. B. Kaylor of Stone and Webster also described a computer program called DOSAGE which might be used to check weather, temperature, humidity, wind direction and velocity, and sound an alarm when that 0.1% of the time per season is here that requires the use of low-sulfur fuel. Inversion is eminent! Once this has passed operation on regular fuel may be resumed. This would mean a separate storage

Jan 1, 1970

By E. V. Koporulina, I. Zh. Bunin, M. V. Ryazantseva

"We studied the mechanism of structural and chemical transformations of columbite, tantalite, zircon and feldspar surface during the treatment by high – power electromagnetic pulses (HPEMP) using the methods of X - ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), analytical electron microscopy (SEM - EDX), Kelvin probe force microscopy and flotation experiments. According to XPS and SEM - EDX data, major changes in the atoms chemical state of investigated minerals surface are related with formation and modification of functional cover and changing in concentration (% at.) of hydroxyl groups on the mineral surface, leading to increase in the contrast of technological properties of the rare metals minerals. Research has identified the optimal parameters of HPEMP - treatment of rare - earth minerals Npuls ? 104, Ttreatment ? 100 sec. improving the selectivity of the flotation separation of columbite and zircon. The difference in mineral recovery into the froth (? e) before and after HPEMP - treatment was about 11 % and 24.5 %, respectively. No significant increase was observed in the flotation activity of feldspar. This study's findings demonstrate the effectiveness of HPEMP - treatment in inducing a controlled change in the structural and chemical properties of rare - earth minerals and improving the process efficiency for the processing of rougher tantalum - niobium gravity concentrates.INTRODUCTIONThe importance of improving the processing methods of tantalum-niobium ores and concentrates is explained by the mineralogical properties of rare - earth ores. These are properties such as the variable mineral, chemical, and grain size composition, complex morphometric properties, and the dissemination of ore mineral grains of micro - and nanometric size. Iron oxide and hydroxide films on the mineral surfaces neutralize the surface physicochemical and absorption properties of the minerals. Both in Russia and globally, nonconventional (non - mechanical) methods are being developed based on physicochemical, electrochemical, and pulsed energy impacts to improve the efficiency of disintegration and liberation processes of disseminated mineral complexes and to enhance the contrast of the structural, chemical, and technological (floatability) properties of refractory ores. This study is devoted to the investigation of the applicability of high – power electromagnetic pulses (HPEMP – treatment) for the change in the structural and chemical properties of rare - earth minerals and improving of the flotation properties contrast."

Jan 1, 2018

By E. V. Koporulina, I. Zh. Bunin, M. V. Ryazantseva

"We studied the mechanism of structural and chemical transformations of columbite, tantalite, zircon and feldspar surface during the treatment by high – power electromagnetic pulses (HPEMP) using the methods of X - ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), analytical electron microscopy (SEM - EDX), Kelvin probe force microscopy and flotation experiments. According to XPS and SEM - EDX data, major changes in the atoms chemical state of investigated minerals surface are related with formation and modification of functional cover and changing in concentration (% at.) of hydroxyl groups on the mineral surface, leading to increase in the contrast of technological properties of the rare metals minerals. Research has identified the optimal parameters of HPEMP - treatment of rare - earth minerals Npuls ??104, Ttreatment ??100 sec. improving the selectivity of the flotation separation of columbite and zircon. The difference in mineral recovery into the froth (? e) before and after HPEMP - treatment was about 11 % and 24.5 %, respectively. No significant increase was observed in the flotation activity of feldspar. This study's findings demonstrate the effectiveness of HPEMP - treatment in inducing a controlled change in the structural and chemical properties of rare - earth minerals and improving the process efficiency for the processing of rougher tantalum - niobium gravity concentrates.INTRODUCTIONThe importance of improving the processing methods of tantalum-niobium ores and concentrates is explained by the mineralogical properties of rare - earth ores. These are properties such as the variable mineral, chemical, and grain size composition, complex morphometric properties, and the dissemination of ore mineral grains of micro - and nanometric size. Iron oxide and hydroxide films on the mineral surfaces neutralize the surface physicochemical and absorption properties of the minerals. Both in Russia and globally, nonconventional (non - mechanical) methods are being developed based on physicochemical, electrochemical, and pulsed energy impacts to improve the efficiency of disintegration and liberation processes of disseminated mineral complexes and to enhance the contrast of the structural, chemical, and technological (floatability) properties of refractory ores. This study is devoted to the investigation of the applicability of high – power electromagnetic pulses (HPEMP – treatment) for the change in the structural and chemical properties of rare - earth minerals and improving of the flotation properties contrast."

Jan 1, 2018

By Kim A. Lapakko, William W. III White

The ASTM standard method D 5744-96 was developed to provide a well-defined kinetic test protocol, conducted under controlled reaction conditions, with the intent of generating reproducible results. A preliminary indication of the repeatability of a simplified alternative method (MN DNR method) was assessed and results from the MN DNR method were compared to those from the ASTM method. To provide an indication of repeatability, six samples from three different rock types were subjected to dissolution testing for periods of 20 to 68 weeks. Drainage pH values at the end of the tests were within 0.5 units in all cases and within 0.05 units in four cases. The percent difference from the mean for overall sulfate rates from paired cells ranged from 0.04 to 1756, with a median of 6.3%. Nine samples from four rock types were subjected to both MN DNR and ASTM tests for periods of 20 to 132 weeks. The difference in final drainage pH values forsix of the samples was less than 0.1 unit, and these values were less than pH 3.65 or greater than pH 8.0. The final drainage pH difference for the last three samples ranged from 0.15 to 0.4, and these values were ill the pH range of 6.2 to 7.2. The sulfate release rates for the periods of record for the MN DNR method were 70 to 150% of those for the ASTM method, with a median value of 110%. Sulfate and calcium release from the two methods was not substantially different. The MN DNR method typically produced higher magnesium release.

Jan 1, 2000

By Nicholas T. Esposito

An advanced coal preparation plant has been built at Homer City, Pennsylvania, by Pennsylvania Electric Company, a subsidiary of General Public Utilities Corporation, and New York State Electric and Gas Corporation, as an alternative to utilizing flue gas desulfurization technology to meet the Federal Environmental Protection Agency and the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources air quality emission regulations of 4.0 lb S02/106BTU for the two (2) existing coal-fired generating station Units No. 1 and No. 2, and a 1.2 lb S02/106BTU for the new Unit No. 3. The coal preparation plant is designed to process 5,200,000 tons of run of the mine coal annually and has a design capability to process 1,200 tons per hour via two (2) equal capacity 600 tons per hour preparation circuits.- The plant is designed to produce multi-product coal streams consisting of a middling product of medium ash and medium sulphur content, which is environmentally compatible to support operation of the two (2) existing generating Units I and 2, and a deep cleaned, low ash, low sulphur coal product capable of environmentally supporting the ambient air quality requirements of the new Unit 3 generating facility. The waste product from the process consists of high ash, high sulphur reject material. The process has the acronym MCCS (Multi-Stream Coal Cleaning System).

Jan 1, 1982

By T. D. Wheelock

The effect of various flotation depressants and surface treatments on the floatability of coal derived pyrites in the presence of XIBC was investigated with a modified Hallimond tube microflotation cell. The floatability of pyrite particles which had been cleaned with hot dilute (5%) hydrochloric acid was relatively large. However, the floatability of such particles was reduced greatly by the addition of specific depressants such as calcium hydroxide and also by treating the pyrite with an aerated warm alkaline solution. Although this treatment and these depressants also had some effect on the floatability of coal particles, the effect was much less than on the pyrite particles.

Jan 1, 1979

By Richard Hollis

The Mount Isa copper smelter was expanded in 1998 to a capacity of over 250000 t/y anode copper. This tonnage will be produced from a single stream consisting of an Isasmelt smelting furnace, and four Peirce-Smith converters - one of which was installed as part of the expansion project. During the course of the expansion project Mount Isa Mines Limited (MIM) signed an agreement with WMC Fertilizers Ltd (WMCF) to supply sulphur containing smelter gases over the fence to a new sulphuric acid plant to be built by WMCF. This will result in a further increase in copper production by reducing the time when smelting is curtailed by Air Quality Control restrictions. As well as the need to modify the primary gas system to connect to the acid plant, the hoods and crossover ducts and their support structures on the original three converters required replacement, and secondary ventilation was also needed to improve converter aisle hygiene. Each of these areas was addressed by the project. Preliminary ideas for carrying out the modifications were found to have a serious impact on converter aisle operations, and would have led to a production loss of over 50000 tonnes of copper. Following benchmarking in other copper smelters, a suitable construction plan was developed and carried out to minimise this loss. This paper describes the methodology and construction plan adopted.

Jan 1, 1999

By S. Banisi, E. Arghavani, A. Akbari, Gh. A. Parsapour, S. Darvish Tafvizi

The new copper processing plant of the Sarcheshmeh copper complex consists of two parallel circuits. After a primary crushing, the ore is sent to a SAG mill and the product is further ground in a ball mill. The overflow of the hydrocyclones is fed to a flotation circuit which contains 8 rougher tank cells (RCS130), 3 cleaner cells (RCS50), 5 scavenger cells (RCS50) and a 4 x 12 m flotation column as recleaner. The circuit was initially designed to process a feed containing 0.8% Cu, but because of the ore type change, the feed grade decreased to 0.6% Cu. This resulted in a reduction of final concentrate grade and recovery from 28 and 85.5% to 24 and 84.4%, respectively. Based on the original design, the copper and silica recovery in the cleaner cells should be 69 and 55%, respectively, but these values increased to 85 and 75% because of a higher retention time. The rather high silica recovery (i.e., 75%) was found to be the main source of the lower final concentrate grade. In order to reduce the retention time of particles in the cleaner cell from 13.7 to 6.9 min, the rougher concentrates of two parallel circuits were fed to only one cleaner-scavenger and regrind circuit. This modification increased the cleaner and final concentrate grade from 15.1 and 24.5% to 17 and 26%, respectively. To prevent a possible reduction in the copper recovery, the froth depth in the scavenger cells was reduced. The overall outcome of the circuit modification was evaluated to be a 10% reduction in the energy consumption without any loss in the overall copper recovery.

Jan 1, 2016

By L. Newman, R. Wyrick, R. Berezowsky

The Stillwater Mining Company operates an integrated mines, mill, smelter and base metals refinery complex in Montana, USA for the production of a high-grade platinum group metals (PGM) bearing concentrate, nickel sulphate crystal and cathode copper from the PGM-containing nickel-copper converter matte. The complex was constructed in stages over several years, starting with the mine and the mill, followed by the smelter and finally, a base metals refinery, which was commissioned in 1996. Due to the relatively small quantity of matte production, a straightforward refinery process was initially selected to extract the base metals, which reported to a mixed nickel-copper solution for further treatment off-site, and yielded a high-grade PGM concentrate suitable for treatment in a PGM refinery elsewhere. Subsequently, as a result of increased matte production, the process was modified to separate the nickel and copper, and to produce a nickel sulphate salt and cathode copper. This paper describes the design and operation of the original and the modified processes utilized in the base metals refinery (BMR).

Jan 1, 2004

By A. O. Gapchich, T. N. Matveeva, N. K. Gromova

"Tin sulfide ores and aged man-made products obtained after their processing are distinguished by a complex material composition and uneven impregnation of sulfide minerals (chalcopyrite, galena, arsenopyrite, etc.) and tin ore (cassiterite). Enrichment of such ores is performed through sophisticated multistage schemes using not only gravitational methods, but also gravity flotation, flotation, magnetic separation techniques. Tin ores also contain rare and precious metals (indium, scandium, silver), characterized by fine dispersity and microscale to nanoscale fineness of mineral formations. During flotation concentration these metals are extracted along with the main ore minerals into concentrates (tin, copper, tungsten, etc.), however, up to 10-20 % of them are lost with final tailings. The aim of the work is an experimental study of the modification of the surface of sulfide minerals and cassiterite by stable metal-collector complexes to increase extraction of fine tin, silver, copper and other metals from complex tin ores. Triamide cyanuric acid (TCA) was studied as a thin silver flotation modifier. Thermophilic polymer with a functional group of phenylphosphine TMPPh was used as a selective flocculant. For experimental studies of the physical and chemical effects of collecting agents on the surface of minerals the following analytical techniques were used - the analytical scanning electron emission ASEM (LEO 1420VP INCA OXFORD ENERGY 350) and laser (KEYENCE VK-9700) microscopy, measurements of electrode potentials of mineral anthills by potentiometric titration, monomineral and pulp flotation. New data on formation of the adsorbed layer of DBDTC on the surface of chalcopyrite, galena and arsenopyrite were obtained, and the dimensions of the reagent films and the strength of their adsorption. The indiscriminateness of cassiterite to DBDTC ensures its selective separation into a chamber product during the flotation of sulfides. It is shown, that modification of the sulfide surface by stable complexes Me-DBDTC and Ag-TCA-TMPPh will increase the recovery of non-ferrous metals and silver into a collective sulfide concentrate and will provide a high-quality tin concentrate for flotation of tin sulfide ores.The studies were perfomed with the aid of the Russian Science Foundation (Project No. 17-17-01292).INTRODUCTIONTin sulfide ores and aged man-made products obtained after their processing are distinguished by a complex material composition and uneven impregnation of sulfide minerals (chalcopyrite, galena, arsenopyrite, etc.) and tin ore (cassiterite). Enrichment of such ores is performed through sophisticated multistage schemes using not only gravitational methods, but also gravity flotation, flotation, magnetic separation techniques. Tin ores also contain rare and precious metals (indium, scandium, silver), characterized by fine dispersity and microscale to nanoscale fineness of mineral formations. During flotation concentration these metals are extracted along with the main ore minerals into concentrates (tin, copper, tungsten, etc.), however, up to 10-20 % of them are lost with final tailings. In this regard, it seems advisable to use new varieties of flotation reagents in order to increase extraction of finely dispersed tin, silver, copper and other non-ferrous and precious metals from multi-metal tin ores (Bocharov and Ignatkina, 2007; Khanchuk etal., 2012; Wu and Zhu, 2006; Yusupov etal., 2016)."

Jan 1, 2018