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By T. T. Lin, N. H. Madsen, K. Groom, B. A. Chin

"The objective of this research is to investigate the feasibility of using infrared sensors to monitor the welding process. Data were gathered using an infrared camera which was trained on the molten metal pool during the welding operation. Several types of process perturbations which result in weld defects were then intentionally induced and the resulting thermal images monitored. Gas tungsten arc using AC and DC currents and gas metal arc welding processes were investigated using steel, aluminum and stainless steel plate materials. The thermal images obtained in the three materials and different welding processes revealed nearly identical patterns for the same induced process perturbation. Based upon these results, infrared thermography is a method which may be very applicable to automation of the welding process.IntroductionAutomatic welding is commonplace in industry today. However, most, if not all, involves preprogramming for performance of a repetitive task. These systems are incapable of correcting for perturbations which arise during the welding process. Control of the welding process requires the identification and monitoring of perturbations in a wide variety of parameters. The varied nature of these parameters and the large number of variables involved have thwarted previous attempts at closed loop control of the welding process. The sensor(s) employed by a control system need to meet rather strenuous requirements. First and foremost of these is that such a sensor must be able to identify and discriminate between perturbations that might affect the quality of the weld, including such geometrical perturbations as a change of direction in the seam between the parts being welded, gaps in the seam or a misalignment of the parts being welded. The sensor should also be able to locate and identify contaminants and impurities in the weld puddle and ahead of it while monitoring the extent of the heat-affected zone and the cooling rate of the metal. The sensor(s) should, additionally, be able to perform these tasks in a time frame that is consistent with automatic control of the welding process. This paper presents results that could aid in the assembly of such a controlled welding system."

Jan 1, 1986

By A Hacket, M Haest, I Vitins

Infrared spectroscopy has the ability to accurately measure mineralogy of drill cores, allowing for better spatial characterisation of iron ore deposits and potentially improving the prediction of key mining and processing parameters at the deposit scale. BHP Billiton Iron Ore is using infrared spectroscopic drill core logging to provide fast and accurate mineralogy for diamond cores and reverse circulation (RC) samples.Mineralogy can be predicted from infrared spectroscopic drill core data with errors on estimates ranging from six to 12 weight per cent. The error on the clay estimates is significantly lower than for hematite and goethite content estimates. This manuscript presents the results from a study on a bedded iron ore deposit, hosted in the Brockman iron formation, for which infrared spectroscopic data were collected on all of the diamond and RC drilling. Results show that these mineralogy estimates improve drill core logs, the geology model and the metallurgical block model.CITATION:Haest, M, Vitins, I and Hacket, A, 2013. Infrared spectroscopic drill core logging - making inroads to deposit scale 3D mineralogy, in Proceedings Iron Ore 2013 , pp 251-258 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).

Aug 12, 2013

By L Edwards, M Haest, D Mittrup

The focus in the iron ore industry has shifted from increasing production volumes with less regard for cost, to efficient production of quality tonnes. BHP Billiton iron ore geoscience and exploration has embedded infrared spectroscopic sensing of drill hole samples to help meet this challenge.Infrared spectroscopy is delivering mineral predictions that are used for (automated) geology logging and modelling. The spectra are processed together with other available data sets to predict geometallurgical and geotechnical variables that include lump per cent and uniaxial compressive strength.Trials are ongoing to test the benefit of infrared spectroscopy during mining, including the analysis of grade control samples and remote sensing of mine faces. Results show great benefits in the fields of short-term geology modelling, better understanding of material (handling) properties, identification of geotechnical risk areas and high resolution ore-waste delineation.These trials are bringing BHP Billiton iron ore closer to its ultimate goal of having infrared spectroscopic data collected across the mining value chain. Once such data are available everywhere, regression models can be trained at one point (eg iron grade model trained on exploration samples) and be applied elsewhere (eg iron grade predicted on mine faces). Such predictive analytics will enable not only high precision mining, but also provide maximum time to tailor plant design to the ore in the ground, based on learnings from ores processed in other plants. This will improve planning outputs that will eventually increase mining efficiency, processing capability and product quality.CITATION:Haest, M, Mittrup, D and Edwards, L, 2017. Infrared spectroscopy in BHP Billiton iron ore with a focus on in-mine infrared sensing, in Proceedings Iron Ore 2017, pp 549–556 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).

Jul 24, 2017

By Alan S. Peck

Chemisorbed oleate films on the surfaces of fluorite, barite, and calcite were studied by means of infrared spectrophotometry. Evidence is presented which indicates the mineral anions, i.e., fluoride, sulfate, and carbonate, are displaced from the mineral surfaces as a result of the adsorption from aqueous solutions. Also, chemisorption reactions between oleic acid and fluorite or calcite occurred spontaneously in the absence of water. Carbon dioxide was identified as a reaction product when dry calcite was contacted with oleic acid. There was no evidence of reaction between oleic acid and barite in the absence of water.

Jan 1, 1964

By J. O. Leppinen

FTIR measurements using a special ATR cell were carried out to investigate the adsorption of two thiol collectors, potassium ethyl xanthate (KEX) and sodium diethyl dithlophoshate (NaDTP), on an unoxidized lead sulfide surface. Both qualitative and quantitative determinations of the collectors were made at the coverages from two monolayers down to 2% of the monolayer. The experiments revealed that the thiol collector species coordinate to the lead atoms at the surface of lead sulfide but the surface products distinctly differ from the precipitated bulk lead compounds. There exists a linear relationship between the coverage and the signal intensity of the IR spectra within the coverage range studied.

Jan 1, 1987

By Luciano B. Oliveira, Alexandre M. Stumbo, Luis G. C. Marques, Valdo S. Marques, Sergio N. Monteiro

"Similar to the ethanol program, initiated more than 30 years ago, the recently created biodiesel program in Brazil is expected to rely on private initiative based on agribusiness for vegetable oil production. Campos dos Goytacazes is a large county in the northern of the state of Rio de Janeiro with land still available for oily vegetables plantation in addition to the land traditionally occupied by sugar cane plantation, which is used to produce ethanol. In order to extend the biodiesel program to Campos dos Goytacazes, the State University of Northern Rio de Janeiro (UENF) is conducting a technical project for the development of the infrastructure for biodiesel production. In this work, the infrastructure based on versatile equipment for biodiesel esterification built in the Center for Alternative Energy of the UENF is presented.IntroductionBiofuels are gaining worldwide attention as a possible economical solution for the prediction of declining reserves of petroleum and related increase in price of barrel. However, nowadays, a more relevant question is the climate changes caused by burning fossil fuels. This is especially the case of coal and petroleum based fuels, mainly gasoline and diesel that propel the majority of vehicles and generate a large amount of CO2 emissions responsible for global warming. This combination of economical an environmental problems is already providing a strong motivation to substitute conventional fossil fuels by renewable biofuels. More than just the interest of the market financial forces, government legislation is imposing a new order that obliges the use of biofuel. Many countries including the USA, the European Community, Japan and Brazil are committed to gradually substitute biofuels into their fleet of vehicles."

Jan 1, 2008

By M. T. Ansari

"This article explains the ways in which investment on mining infrastructure is a geopolitical issue. It discusses the effect of installing sufficient infra structure to get the product to the world market, and argues that there is a risk involved in depending on traditional suppliers who wish to invest in the infrastructure. It explains how to make a distinction between dedicated purpose infrastructure and general use infrastructure by examining the positions of the main actors in mining projects. It argues that these positions can not be understood as analogous to projects in developed countries. To conclude, infrastructure is a crucial link in the supply chain to market but the relative size of such projects in relation to the economy means that investors decisions in developing countries have quite different implications from those in developed countries."

Jan 1, 2011

By Gibbs R

The objective of this paper is to provide a broad qualitative perspective of the needs and costs of infrastructure associated with typical mining projects. Infrastructure may be defined as anything necessary for the development and operation of a project, which is peripheral to the basic extraction, handling and processing of material. As depicted in Figure 1, infrastructure acts as the link between the technological heart of a project and the outside world.

Jan 1, 1990

By Paul Torda

El presente texto analiza la posición de la institución educacional como "depósito" de talentos de ingeniería para futuras exploraciones dentro de posibles descubrimientos tecnológicos. En este sentido, la creación de un programa educacional adecuado genera el cultivo de una imagen del talento de ingeniería para los roles técnicos no tradicionales en la industria, como también para el gobierno local y el federal. El plan general involucra no solamente una ruptura con los procedimiientos tradicionales de clases, sino también origina nuevas demandas sobre los estudiantes por la independencia e iniciativa.

Nov 1, 1973

By José De La Cruz

Para la construcción del dique de arranque de una planta concentradora es importante considerar la ingeniería y diseño del mismo -en tanto debe realizarse un diseño adecuado y así evitar problemas a largo plazo en la estabilidad de la presa de relaves. En ese sentido, el presente texto señala los costos, calidad y estabilidad del diseño de presas de relaves a través del proyecto de Toromocho S.A, perteneciente a la minera Chinalco, cuyo dique de arranque es CFRD (Concrete Face Rock File Design), método aguas abajo. La modalidad de este método permite diseños con un menor empleo de volúmenes de material de cantera que es aplicable en aquellas zonas con baja producción de material constructivo.

Dec 1, 2014

En el Perú, al igual que otros distritos mineros extranjeros, diversas plantas mineras optaron por utilizar oxígeno en los tanques de cianuración de oro para mejorar su rendimiento. En ese sentido, este procedimiento puede compensar la reducida cantidad de oxígeno disponible en las alturas. Por ello, el presente texto señala las diferencias que existen entre la inyección de aire y oxígeno a nivel del mar, como ocurre a grandes alturas en mejora del rendimiento de la lixiviación de oro. Asimismo, los mecanismos de este procedimento son revisados y propuestos para explicar cómo el transporte de oxígeno mejora el rendimiento en la lixiviación de oro y reduce el consumo de cianuro.

Sep 12, 2005

By Marco Locatelli

En este trabajo se evalúa, como una alternativa sostenible para minería subterránea, el reemplazo de agregados por el uso de material de desmonte de mina (zarandeado o chancado) en la elaboración de shotcrete, sin que se afecten parámetros de ingeniería ni factores de seguridad. Los procesos para probar la viabilidad de esta iniciativa partieron de los análisis granulométricos de humedad, absorción y peso específico del agregado. Se procedió a la evaluación del concreto en estado fresco y endurecido, con pruebas de slump, pruebas de rebote y ensayos de compresión simple.

Sep 20, 2019

By Mario Samamé Boggio

El presente texto revisa el desarrollo de la ciencia, la tecnología y la ingeniería desde la Antigüedad hasta la actualidad y su interacción en las sociedades respectivas.

Nov 1, 1978

By Mario Samamé Boggio

La ausencia de la enseñanza adecuada en el comportamiento mecánico de materiales y la falta de análisis en los cursos de ingeniería, señalan un problema de neutralidad e integración del concepto de ingenierías en la educación universitaria. En ese sentido, el presente texto describe la importancia de la enseñanza con la realidad del ingeniero, las implicancias de sus especialidades y su rol político como ciudadado que conoce para mejorar la vida humana en el universo.

Mar 1, 1979

By Turcotte. Yves-Laurent

Notre conférencier, Monsieur Yves L. Turcotte, Vice-président et Directeur général chez Promaintech Novaxa est diplômé en génie industriel de l?Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières et détient une maîtrise en gestion de projets de l?Université du Québec à Montréal. Il est une véritable sommité canadienne dans le domaine de l?amélioration de la performance des organisations. Provenant d'entreprises manufacturières et de services, il possède plus de 20 ans d?expérience en tant que développeur de technologies, conseiller et formateur auprès d?entreprises. Il a à son actif la réalisation de mandats dans plus de 400 entreprises. Il est reconnu pour sa grande capacité d?analyse et pour trouver des solutions novatrices et profitables aux problèmes des organisations les plus complexes. Aujourd'hui, il dirige Promaintech Novaxa, une division de DMR, qui a célébré son dixième anniversaire en 2006. Cette organisation ayant des places d?affaires dans la région de Montréal, Québec et Vancouver compte plus de 50 professionnels et a une carte de visite dans 16 pays. Les axes d?intervention sont le Management, la Productivité, la Fiabilité, l?Innovation et l?Amélioration Continue.

Feb 1, 2008

By R. Berton, M. Walden, S. Melberg, N. Rocco

Recent tailings dam failures around the globe have influenced many mining industry regulators to reassess their requirements for the numerical modelling of tailings dam failures. This type or forward modelling is associated with overarching uncertainties as the model cannot be calibrated against a physical result. Dam breach analyses that meet the requirements of current industry standards and guidance typically begin with identification of credible failure modes and selection of appropriate topographic data set to represent the study area. The breach parameters and the volume of tailings released are then determined using available methodologies and empirical relationships. Subsequently, when the breach hydrograph is developed and the hydrology of stream networks are complete, the runout simulation is implemented. Due to the uncertainty involved in the process, sensitivity analyses are recommended to quantify variations in model inputs on the inundation extent and the flow characteristics. This paper outlines some common methodologies utilized for development of dam breach models, summarizes associated uncertainties with these methodologies and inputs, and provides guidance on how sensitivity analyses can address a wide array of uncertainties inherent in tailings breach analyses. This paper provides an understanding of how selecting appropriate breach parameters can result in reasonably conservative inundation extents consistent with the identified credible failure modes.

Mar 2, 2022

By Donald G. Rogich

The concept of initiating a large action-oriented contract, directed toward inherently safe mining systems, was conceived by the U. S. Bureau of Mines in January 1970. At that time we were in the process of establishing research contracts and grants, about 100 of which were let in FY 71 to deal individually with fairly specific technological areas. These projects in the aggregate covered a wide spectrum of health and safety problems. What appeared to be necessary was the creation of a project or program that would provide a focal point for the demonstration of many of the results of this research and also in the action sense culminate with working hardware and systems that could be tested and demonstrated over a fairly long teen. The concept of working demonstrable systems, rather than just a conceptual study, was, felt to be necessary for two significant reasons. In the development of any new system, the translation from concept to working hardware is usually a costly and time consuming process which acts as a deterrent to implementation. Secondly, many decisions in the mining community to change equipment or systems ,are based on first hand observation of the new system, in operational practice, an attitude which is certainly understandable in view of the high capital costs of equipment. The decision was made to procure a single R&D contract which would be aimed at developing underground coal mining systems which

Jan 1, 1972

By Zhisong Chai, Wei Xu

Q&P steels undergo continuous multiple processes, including hot rolling, intermediate heat treatment, cold rolling and continuous annealing etc. The inheritant effect of initial microstructure could affect the final microstructure and mechanical properties of Q&P steels. In this work, effects of different hot rolled microstructure/texture on the final microstructure and properties subjected to Q&P process were investigated in Fe-0.38C-1.58Mn-1.6Si system. Different initial microstructures were generated combing different TMCP and cooling strategies. The microstructure and texture of hot rolled materials were characterized in detail. The hot rolled material was subsequently processed by intermediate annealing, cold rolling and continuous annealing. The comparison reveals great effects of the initial hot rolled microstructures, i.e. inheritance effect. The faster reverse transformation would lead to more sufficient austenitization and it would greatly weaken the inheritant effect of the initial microstructure. Although the difference of final phase fraction for different initial microstructures was not significant, the inheritance effect was mainly reflected in the effect on austenite morphology. For the mechanical properties, no obvious difference in strength was shown for the samples with different initial microstructures after Q&P heat treatment, but there was fluctuation in elongation.

Oct 1, 2019

By Rommel Solís Salazar

El presente trabajo señala los beneficios del uso del inhibidor de incrustamiento para la extracción de oro y la plata. El inhibidor tiene la función de suprimir e inhibir la nucleación de cristales de carbonatos como un agente dispersante soluble en el agua, de forma que genera estadísticas de mejores ciclos de operación, reduce paradas por lavados, así como el empleo de ácidos fuertes adaptados de algunas otras industrias como la calderería y agricultura.

Jan 1, 2013

By Richard Scales, Giles Hellyer, Ian Travers, Dean French, Peter Bellairs

"The Mt Whaleback iron ore mine is located in the Hamersley Province situated about 1OOOkm to thenorth of Perth, the capital city of Western Australia. A small but significant portion of the waste in Mt Whaleback presents problems due to its ability to react with normal commercial bulk explosives resulting in premature detonations, two of which occurred at the mine in 1983 causing great consternation as well as disruption to the mining operation. The techniques and procedures developed to overcome this problem were based on the use of tough durable, acid and heat resistant liners to provide a physical barrier separating the explosive from the rock togetherwith the development of an accurate down the hole remote temperature logging technology. The liner technology was developed due to the inability to produce a reliable inhibited ANFO despite exhaustive mine based testwork."

Jan 1, 1999