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By Félix Lewandowsky

El presente texto describe las actividades para corregir los pasivos ambientales heredados y asumidos bajo responsabilidad de la Compañía Minera Colquirrumi S.A. Para ello, se elaboró un plan de cierre de los cuatro depósitos de los relaves de Hualgayoc donde se busca mostrar los criterios utilizados, los estudios de ingeniería y la forma cómo se ejecutaron las obras de cierre definitivas de los depósitos de relaves.

Jan 1, 2015

By G. Van Weert

In the spring of 2010 double refractory ores from historical stockpiles were processed through Barrick's Goldstrike pressure oxidation facility, thereby providing preg robbing feeds for a variety of metallurgical testwork. This paper describes the effects of amount, type, place and time of addition of activated carbons on CIL gold recovery and shows that native carbon in plant PDX'ed discharge solids can still preg rob gold loaded activated carbon.

Jan 1, 2011

By Sophia Wong

Nickel is used in a wide variety of applications from consumer goods to industrial uses. In many of these uses, nickel contributes to the environmental attributes of the product. The challenge, however, is measuring that contribution, comparing it to the environmental cost of production, and communicating the role of nickel to the customer in a way that is easy to understand. This paper presents the Nickel Institute?s approach to climate change as a global commodity industry association, and discusses where we stand with regard to some of these key questions. It also identifies issues for the nickel industry moving forward ? challenges that are likely to be common to other commodities.

May 1, 2009

"In 2000 the CIM Council approved the CIM Standards on Mineral Resources and Reserves – Definitions and Guidelines, developed by the CIM Standing Committee on Reserve Definitions. The Definition Standards established definitions and guidelines for the reporting of exploration information, mineral resources and mineral reserves in Canada. The Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve definitions are incorporated, by reference, in National Instrument 43-101, Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects, which came into force in Canada in February 2001 and was amended in December 2005.CIM DEFINITION STANDARDS- For Mineral Resources and Mineral ReservesPrepared by the CIM Standing Committee on Reserve DefinitionsAdopted by CIM Council on December 11, 2005FOREWORDCIM Council, on August 20, 2000, approved the ""CIM Standards on Mineral Resources andReserves - Definitions and Guidelines,"" developed by the CIM Standing Committee on ReserveDefinitions. The CIM Definition Standards on Mineral Resources and Reserves (CIM DefinitionStandards) establish definitions and guidelines for the reporting of exploration information,mineral resources and mineral reserves in Canada. The Mineral Resource and Mineral Reservedefinitions were incorporated, by reference, in National Instrument 43-101 - Standards ofDisclosure for Mineral Projects (NI 43-101), which became effective February 1, 2001.At the August 20, 2000 Council meeting a new CIM Standing Committee on ReserveDefinitions was established consisting of the following: John Postle, Bernie Haystead, LarryCochrane, Normand Champigny, Mike Hoffman, Colin McKenny, Jack Mullins, Phil Olson,Fred Payne, Jody Todd and Joe Ringwald.Subsequent to the publishing of the August 20, 2000 CIM Standards on Mineral Resourcesand Reserves, various CIM committees have compiled and published more extensivedocumentation on mining industry standard practices for estimating Mineral Resources andMineral Reserves. These standard practices provide more detailed guidance than that containedin the August 20, 2000 CIM Standards on Mineral Resources and Reserves. On November 14,2004 CIM Council adopted an update to the CIM Definition Standards to reflect the moredetailed guidance available and effect certain editorial changes required to maintain consistencywith current regulations. This version of the CIM Definition Standards includes further editorialchanges required to maintain compatibility with the new version of National Instrument 43-101which is expected to become law at the end of 2005. The CIM Definition Standards can beviewed on the CIM website at www.cim.org."

Jan 1, 2003

By CIM Standing Committee

The CIM Definition Standards on Mineral Resources and Reserves (CIM Definition Standards) establish definitions and guidance on the definitions for Mineral Resources, Mineral Reserves, and mining studies used in Canada. The Mineral Resource, Mineral Reserve, and mining study definitions are incorporated, by reference, into National Instrument 43-101 – Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects (NI 43-101). The CIM Definition Standards can be viewed at mrmr.cim.org. Readers should be aware that reports written by persons issuing technical reports that disclose information about exploration or other mining properties to the public in Canada are governed by a number of securities regulations.

May 10, 2014

By CIM Environmental, Social Responsibility Society

Within the mining industry, the pathway from exploration, to planning, construction, operation and closure has become more complex over the last few decades. The current financial, environmental and social influences present the mining industry with unprecedented challenges and opportunities. In addition, international environmental and social reporting standards and codes are becoming increasingly robust. The reporting requirements provide an added impetus for issuers to effectively manage environmental and social impacts and risks. Reporting requirements also provide the opportunity to be transparent. The intended audience for these Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Guidelines for Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve Estimation includes practitioners, industry participants at all levels of skill and experience, corporate management and board members, government agencies, academic institutions and interested parties. For practitioners, this document provides underlying key principles of environmental, social and governance practices. The ESG Guidelines provide guidance for those using environmental, social, governmental and governance information when preparing and implementing mineral exploration programs and contributing to the preparation of mineral resource and mineral reserve estimates for mineral properties that are either at the study stage (i.e., scoping / preliminary economic assessment, pre-feasibility, or feasibility studies) or in operation. The guidelines can also be used to help mineral resource and mining companies apply good practice to manage their environmental and social risks and opportunities. Companies can identify and retain appropriate professionals to prepare environmental and social materials to support company studies. The guidelines are also a resource for companies developing effective environmental and social management strategies at any project stage. This document is not intended to be prescriptive and is not intended to provide exhaustive guidance on what to consider in terms of environmental, social, legal and governmental modifying factors in the preparation of MRMR estimates. Rather, it is intended as general guidance to assist companies and practitioners in considering and applying these modifying factors for MRMR estimates. This document is also not intended to guide environmental and social impact assessment (ESIA); however, the measures needed to manage impacts help inform the constraints and costs for defining mineral resources and mineral reserves and inform the costs and schedules of mineral project studies. All documentation of MRMR estimates made by an issuer and intended to be, or reasonably likely to be, made available to the public in a jurisdiction of Canada must comply with the requirements of National Instrument 43-101 Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects (NI 43-101), as amended from time to time (Canadian Securities Administrators, 2016a and 2016b). Disclosure is not addressed in these ESG Guidelines. Determination of what to include in disclosures is defined in the applicable Securities’ legal frameworks. Appendix A presents a summary table showing the linkage of the principles and topics in these ESG Guidelines to the potential effects on project costs, schedules, government permits and approvals, social licence to operate and financing.

Sep 8, 2023

By CIM Mineral Resource, Mineral Reserve Committee

The CIM Estimation of Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves Best Practice Guidelines (MRMR Best Practice Guidelines) were prepared by the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum's (CIM) Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves Committee (CIM MRMR Committee) to update an earlier version that was accepted by CIM Council on November 23, 2003 (CIM, 2003). These 2019 MRMR Best Practice Guidelines supersede and replace the November 23, 2003 version of the MRMR Guidelines. These 2019 MRMR Guidelines are not intended to be prescriptive and are not intended to provide detailed and exhaustive instructions for preparation of Mineral Resource and/or Mineral Reserve (MRMR) estimates. Rather, they are intended as general guidance to assist professional geoscientists (or equivalent) and engineers (or equivalent) in preparing high quality estimates of MRMR that incorporate sound geoscientific, engineering, evaluation and design practices. They are based on well-established estimation and mine planning principles and are designed to provide general guidelines of best professional practices employed in the preparation of MRMR estimates. Although the 2019 MRMR Best Practice Guidelines are intended for use by Canadian-based mining/exploration practitioners, many of the concepts and practices presented herein are in general agreement with current industry practices in jurisdictions with membership in the Committee for Mineral Reserves International Reporting Standards (CRIRSCO). For this document, persons preparing MRMR estimates are called Practitioners. Preparation of MRMR estimates should be carried out by Practitioners who either hold the status of Professional Geoscientist (or equivalent) or Professional Engineer (or equivalent), or who prepare the estimates under the supervision of a Professional Geoscientist (or equivalent) or Professional Engineer (or equivalent). For the purposes of this document, all references to reporting describe such necessary reports and related documentation that are created as part of the normal-course work flow of preparing MRMR estimates for internal purposes. For clarity, all public disclosure of MRMR estimates made by, or on behalf of, an issuer and intended to be, or reasonably likely to be, made available to the public in a jurisdiction of Canada must comply with the requirements of National Instrument 43-101 Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects (NI 43-101), as amended from time to time. At least one Qualified Person (QP) must take responsibility for each part of the estimation process when publicly disclosing the results of MRMR estimates. The intended audience for these 2019 MRMR Best Practice Guidelines includes Practitioners at all levels of skill and experience, government agencies, academic institutions, and the public.

Nov 29, 2019

"Adopted in 2003, theses guidelines are intended to assist the Qualified Person(s) in the planning, supervision, preparation and reporting of mineral resources and mineral reserve estimates. The report is divided into two broad sections “General Guidelines” appropriate for most metals and “Guidelines Specific to Particular Commodities” for potash, industrial minerals, uranium and coal. “These guidelines are reference in the Companion Policy of NI 43-101 with a statement that a qualified person classifying a mineral deposit as a mineral resource or mineral reserve should follow them.”Executive SummaryThe following is a summary, in table format, of the main elements of the Estimation Best Practice Committee's report ""Estimation of Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve Best Practice Guidelines"". While the summary table is provided for convenience, the Committee recommends that the report be read in its entirety and the table summary not be used as a stand alone document. These guidelines are not intended to be either prescriptive or exhaustive. They do not preclude innovation. Preamble: These guidelines have been prepared by the Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy and Petroleum (CIM) led Estimation Best Practices Committee. They are intended to assist the Qualified Person(s) (QP) in the planning, supervision, preparation and reporting of Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve (MRMR) estimates. All MRMR estimation work from which public reporting will ensue must be designed and carried out under the direction of a QP in accordance with National Instrument 43-101 (NI 43-101) and related forms. A QP is defined in NI 43-101 as ""an individual who is an engineer or geoscientist with at least five (5) years of experience in mineral exploration, mine development, mine operation, project assessment or any combination of these; has experience relevant to the subject matter of the mineral project and technical report; and is a member in good standing of a professional association"". Disclosure of MRMR estimates is to be made in accordance with industry standard definitions approved by the CIM (the CIM Standards adopted by the CIM Council in August 2002) which have been incorporated by reference into NI 43-101."

Jan 1, 2003

By CIM Mineral Resource, Mineral Reserve Committee

Industrial minerals are generally considered to include non-metallic minerals, mineral products, or materials that provide raw material inputs for the construction, chemical, and manufacturing industries. They are often relatively low-value and bulky materials that are generally used close to where they are produced; however, some raw materials may be transported hundreds of kilometres to manufacturers and customers (ENDM, 2021). They do not include the metallic minerals, mineral fuels, or gemstones, and are used in industries based on their physical and/or chemical properties (Wikipedia, 2021). In contrast to most metallic minerals, a general distinguishing characteristic of the industrial minerals sector is their general low degree of market elasticity in relation to the market prices and product specifications. The estimation of either a Mineral Resource or a Mineral Reserve (MRMR) for an industrial minerals deposit can be affected to a significant degree by a number of factors that are not typically applicable to metallic mineral deposits. These factors can include such considerations as the particular physical and chemical characteristics of the final product, product quality issues, market size and market access. In some cases, such information may be confidential and proprietary. One of the key challenges of the industrial minerals sector is to define a commonly accepted listing of which types of minerals, materials, or mineral deposits can be considered as industrial minerals (Mining Standards Task Force, 1999). Although definitions for what constitutes an industrial mineral can vary in detail, general descriptions can be found in American Geosciences Institute (2021), Fastmarkets IM (2021), Snowden (2019), SME (2021) and Wikipedia (2021). A brief listing of some of the materials and minerals that are generally considered to be industrial minerals is provided in Table 1. For the purposes of this document, all references to industrial minerals include not only the minerals, materials, and mineral deposits themselves, but also the various commercial products that are derived from these sources.

Nov 19, 2023

By CIM Mineral Resource, Mineral Reserve Committee

These Leading Practice Guidelines for Mineral Processing (LPGMP) were prepared by the Sub-Committee on Leading Practice Guidelines for Mineral Processing. The Sub-Committee reports to the Executive Committee of the Canadian Mineral Processors (CMP) which is a Technical Society of the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy, and Petroleum (CIM) and incorporates those members of the CIM who are concerned with the processing of mineral deposits. The LPGMP covers the involvement of mineral processing professionals, referred to as Practitioners in this document, in providing inputs to the estimation of Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves and providing technical content for internal reports as well as public reports on mineral projects as required under National Instrument 43-101 Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects (NI 43-101). The LPGMP supplement the CIM Exploration Practice Guidelines (2018) and the CIM Estimation of Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves Practice Guidelines (2019) which are referenced in Companion Policy 43-101CP to NI 43-101 and recognized internationally. The LPGMP consist of 3 sections: • Principles of Process Support in Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves Estimation; • Appendix A – Use of Supporting Studies in Process Evaluation and Assessment for NI 43-101 Documentation; • Appendix B – Glossary of Terms Relevant to the LPGMP. The LPGMP deal primarily with the description of leading practice as it applies to the mineral processing and extraction of base metals, precious metals, and other mineral products by the application of mineral processing technology. Other commodities may be considered with future updates of these guidelines. It is expected that this is a ‘living’ document and that these guidelines will develop in the future to address the requirements of the mining industry, investing public, and mining professionals involved. Clarifications and changes to these guidelines will be done under the guidance of the Executive Committee of the CMP.

Nov 25, 2022

By CIM Mineral Resource, Mineral Reserve Committee

The CIM Mineral Exploration Best Practice Guidelines (the Exploration Guidelines) have been prepared to assist professional geoscientists and engineers to conduct consistently high-quality work in order to maintain public confidence. The Exploration Guidelines are meant to assist professional geoscientists and exploration practitioners in planning, supervising, and executing exploration programs. In Canada, there are generally two types of public resource reporting: “Disclosure”, as defined by NI 43-101, is the reporting of technical information to the public and market participants for securities legislation purposes where a Qualified Person (QP) must be involved, and reporting of exploration information for governmental agencies to support obligations under laws including the Mining Acts of each of the Provinces and Territories. The Exploration Guidelines are also relevant where the results will not be publicly reported but are intended for internal company use. While this document is intended as guidance for work conducted or supervised by geoscientists in Canada, many of the practices described herein can be adapted to mineral exploration activities in other countries. The Exploration Guidelines are not intended to inhibit original thinking, or to prevent the application of new approaches that may develop into fundamental components of successful mineral exploration programs. Rather than provide prescriptive solutions to specific issues, they include general guidelines for current professional practice and to demonstrate and defend the merits of new methods. These guidelines do not preclude individuals and companies from developing more detailed guidelines specific to their own requirements. The initial version of the Exploration Guidelines was prepared by the Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy and Petroleum (CIM) Exploration Best Practices Committee and adopted by CIM Council on August 20, 2000. On January 9, 2018, CIM Council formed a new committee, the Mineral Resources and Reserves Committee (CIM MRMR Committee) with a mandate to, among other things, update the Exploration Best Practice Guidelines. The mandate for the committee was accepted by CIM Council on March 2, 2018. The new document was adopted by the CIM Council on November 23, 2018.

Nov 23, 2018

"At the May 15, 2006 and the May 1, 2007 Canadian Securities Administrators (CSA) Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum (CIM) meetings in Vancouver and Montreal, CSA requested CIM consider certain issues arising out of the CSA review of Technical Reports and public disclosure, in general, regarding the practice of estimation and reporting of Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves. The following is a summary of the issues raised by the CSA and the responses of the CIM.Preamble: At the May 15, 2006 and the May 1, 2007 Canadian Securities Administrators (CSA)-Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum (CIM) meetings in Vancouver and Montreal, CSA requested CIM consider certain issues arising out of the CSA review of Technical Reports and public disclosure, in general, regarding the practice of estimation and reporting of Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves. The following is a summary of the issues raised by the CSA and the responses of the CIM Reserve Definition and the CIM Estimation Best Practices Committees (the Committees). This information is intended to provide the Qualified Person (QP) with further guidance when estimating Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves and in preparing a technical report written under National Instrument 43-101 (NI 43-101). Several members of the CIM Reserve Definition Committee, the CIM Estimation Best Practices Committee and some members of the Committee for Mineral Resources International Reporting Standards have reviewed these issues and provide the following commentary.Issue 1. - CSA requested CIM review and comment on the selection of an appropriate commodity price to be used in Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves estimates.Commodity prices are used in the estimation of Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves and in the economic analysis of a property. In times of rapidly changing commodity prices, or when prices are at the extreme ends of a commodity price cycle, the QP has a difficult job in selecting an appropriate commodity price.• The selection of appropriate technical variables, including commodity price, is clearly the responsibility of the Qualified Person (QP). The QP must describe the reasons for selecting these variables, including price, in the technical report.• The definition of a ""Mineral Resource"" contains the wording ""reasonable prospects for economic extraction,"" therefore, a QP must select economic parameters, including commodity price, that will result in an estimate of Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves that have ""reasonable prospects for economic extraction""."

Jan 1, 2003

By John Postle, Maureen Jensen, Marcel Vallee, Bernie Haystead, Dan Hora, Graham Clow

The Committee's proposed standards establish definitions and guidelines for the reporting of Exploration Information, Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves in Canada and are identified as the "CIM Standards" and referred to as such hereafter in this document. To provide additional clarification to Qualified Persons (QPs), guidelines have been included with the respective definitions. The CIM Standards are applicable to all minerals including industrial minerals, diamonds and other gemstones. Reserve definitions for bitumen, natural gas and oil are not included in these Standards. The CIM Standards are not intended to cover mineral inventory estimates that will be reported to government agencies.

Jan 1, 2001

By CIM Mineral Resource

On January 9, 2018, the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum (CIM) Council formed the CIM Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves Committee (CIM MRMR Committee), which is a combination of the previous Standing Committee on Reserve Definitions and the Best Practices Committee. As part of its mandate, the CIM MRMR Committee updates guidelines for use by Industry, which include the Uranium Practice Guidelines. The 2024 CIM Uranium Leading Practice Guidelines were adopted by CIM Council on November 22, 2024, and supersedes the 2003 version. The main principles and guidelines relating to preparation of Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve (MRMR) estimates are provided in the CIM Estimation of Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves Best Practices Guidelines (MRMR BP Guidelines, as updated from time to time). The MRMR BP Guidelines provide information pertaining to metalliferous and other deposits and many sections are readily applicable to the preparation of MRMR estimates for uranium deposits. However, additional guidance is appropriate for uranium deposits due to the radioactive nature of uranium, and its amenability, in some cases, to in situ recovery (ISR) mining methods.

Nov 1, 2024

By Willie van Niekerk

As mining projects get larger and more complex there is a need to examine the use of project management techniques developed for large construction projects in order to ensure completion of the project on time and budget. In recent years the construction/civil industry has sought new methods to ensure that multimillion dollar projects involving multiple contractors, working in an increasingly legislated work environment, are delivered to the clients satisfaction. The paper describes these methods, which range from program management to systems and tools to gather all project information such as schedule and cost, and relates how these can be applied to large international mining projects. The paper also describes the benefits that an independent project manager can bring to a client or owner?s team by setting up the relevant organization and controls together with the appropriate contract and procurement strategy.

May 1, 2009

"These standards were developed by the CIM for use with the value or worth of a Mineral Property as opposed to “evaluation” where the key objective is an economic assessment or determination of the economic merit of a propertyP1 .0 BACKGROUNDPl.1 There are at present no comprehensive standards for valuation of Mineral Properties in the Canadian mining industry. The Mining Standards Task Force (MSTF) of the Toronto Stock Exchange and the Ontario Securities Commission in its Final Report (January 1999) specifically recommended that the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum (CIM) form a committee of valuation practitioners to review and advise on approaches to valuation of Mineral Properties.Pl.2 On May 5, 1999 at the Calgary Annual General Meeting, CIM Council approved the formation of a Special Committee on Valuation of Mineral Properties (CIMV al) to be co-chaired by Keith Spence (Chairman of the CIM Mineral Economics Society) and Dr. William Roscoe (Roscoe Postle Associates Inc.).Pl.3 The mandate of CIMVal is to recommend Standards and Guidelines for Valuation of Mineral Properties to be used by the mining industry in general and to be adopted by Canadian securities regulators and Canadian stock exchanges.Pl.4 The members of CIMVal represent of a mix of professional disciplines and experience in the field of Mineral Property valuation:Keith N. Spence (Co-chair), Alliance Pacific Resources Inc., TorontoWilliam E. Roscoe (Co-chair), Roscoe Postle Associates Inc., TorontoMichael J. Bourassa (Secretary), Aird & Berlis LLP, TorontoChristopher R. Lattanzi, Micon International Limited, TorontoRoss D. Lawrence, Watts, Griffis and McOuat Limited, TorontoPaul E. Lunney, Noranda Inc., TorontoCraig A. Roberts, Pacific International Securities, VancouverDavid A. Scott, CIBC World Markets, TorontoIan S. Thompson, Derry, Michener, Booth & Wahl Consultants Ltd., VancouverWilloughby A. Trythall, retired Placer Dome executive and consultant, Vancouver"

Jan 1, 2003

By Edward Gridley

At the meeting of the Institute, held at Roanoke, Va., in June, 1883, I gave some facts in relation to charcoal pig iron of unusual strength, made from our carbonate ore taken from the mine at Amenia, N. Y. My object in again bringing the subject to the attention of the Institute, is to obtain, if possible, the solution of a prohlem in connection therewith. Our furnace is of the old type, stone stack 32 feet high by 9 feet 2 inches at top of bosh; bosh about 67O pitch; stone hearth; three tuyeres of 31/4-inch opening; fuel, a mixture of hard and soft coal; blast about & to # pound pressure, and heated to 400' to 600° Fahr. by iron pipe oven on top of stack. The analysis of the roasted carbonate ore, as before given to the Institute, is as follows:

Jan 1, 1884

By Frank Julian

After the solution of an iron ore, or metallic iron, in an acid, for the determination of phosphorus, it is necessary to evaporate the solution to dryness and to heat the residue to effect the complete separation of silica. Authorities differ as to the temperature required, some recormmentling not over 100' C., others as high as dull redness. For the purpose of securing some indications as to the degree of heat which may be safely or advantageously employed, I selected a gray pig-iron, a piece of Bessemer steel rail, and a sample of Ludington ore having the following composition; the phosphorus in the pig and steel being determined by Giutl's ferric chloride method:

Jan 1, 1884

By Pedro G. Salom

I HAVE had an opportonity, within the last few months, of making a large number of physical and chemical tests of steel for boiler and ship-plate, which has been, and is now being, used principally for the United States Government cruisers, now building in Mr. John Roach's yard, at Chester, Pa. Through the courtesy of the Messrs. Houston, of the Chester Rolling Mills, I have the honor to lay before the members of the Institate the results of these tests. These results have developed some points in regard to the nature of steel, which are more or less new, and which, I hope, will prove interesting. The original specifications, as regards the manner of testing, were so inipracticable (when their severity mas taken into consideration), that the keel of the first vessel, which will be launched next month, would, had they been carried out, probably not have been laid until next year. At my suggestion, in order to simplify and expedite the immense amount of testing that had to be done, the Naval Advisory Board was induced, after considerable discussion, to alter the specifications, so as to test each heat, instead of each lot of twenty plates, but reserved the right of making the quenching-test on a piece from each ingot, after it had been rolled. This relieved us from the anxiety of having a lot of plates rejected, after they had beell rolled and sheared, by reason of the presence of one or two plates which might have been injured in heating or rolling, or which might not have been able to stand the tests; while it insured the Government in obtaining a uniform quality of steel, and prevented the temptation to introduce a half-dozen or more had plates in a lot, and run the risk of their being selected as the testplates. I give below a portion of the original specifications, as prescribed

Jan 1, 1884

By Magnus Troilius

The method of using the bromine process of determining sulphur in steel, described below, is in successful use at the Midvale Steel Works. Ten grams of drillings are weighed out and put into the 1/2-liter flask A, with long neck. The flask is connected with a wide glass tube C', which, in its turn, is connected with the absorption bulbs B, containing HCI, 1.12 specific gravity, and ahout 5 C.C. of bromine. The wide tnbe C causes the vapor to condense and flow back into the flask A during boiling. The bulbs B connect with a long glass tnbe, which may be made to carry off the bromine fumes through a hole in a window, or, better still, through a flue with powerful draught. The connections being made, 100 C.C. of boiling water are run in through the thistle tube T. The air is thus completely driven out of the flask. 100 C.C. of HC1 (about 1.19 specific gravity) are then run in. When the gas begins to run rattler slowly through B, heat is applied until boiling gradually ensues. The steel being completely dissolved, the apparatus is disconnected, and the contents of B rinsed out into a beaker of 100 C.C. capacity, into which a few C.C. of a concentrated solution of BaCI, have been previously introduced. Heat is then applied (best by means of the hot iron plate) until the bromine is completely driven off and the BaSO, has settled nicely to the bottom. The BaSO4, is then filtered off on a small

Jan 1, 1884