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By D. G. Leddy, J. B. Johnson, L. D. Gratz, S. T. Bagley

"Studies have been conducted at Michigan Technological University (MTU) for over twenty years on methods for characterizing and controlling particulate emissions from heavy-duty diesel engines and die resulting effects on regulated and unregulated emissions. During that time, control technologies have developed in response to more stringent EPA standards for diesel emissions. This paper is a review of: 1) modem emission control technologies, 2) emissions sampling and chemical, physical and biological characterization methods and 3) summary results from recent studies conducted al MTU on heavy-duty diesel engines with a trap and an oxidation catalytic converter (OCC) operated on three different fuels. Control technology developments discussed are particulate traps, catalysts, advances in engine design, the application of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and modifications of fuel formulations. Methods for dilution tunnel sampling, particle size analysis, chemical analysis with emphasis on polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and nitro-PAH, and biological characterization using mutagenic activity (Ames) assays are described, along with statistical approaches to experimental design and data analysis.In studies at MTU, both particulate traps and an OCC have been shown to be effective for the reduction of total particulate mauer (TPM), with the OCC being better al reducing all forms of hydrocarbon emissions, including PAH and nitro-PAH, and with the traps being better at removing the solids (SOL). The use of low sulfur fuel (0.Ql % by mass) has led to additional reductions in TPM; the low sulfur fuel has been shown to reduce the number of small, nuclei-mode particles for one of the engines tested. PAH, nitro-PAH, and mutagenic actively levels generally decreased with use of either the traps or the OCC.INTRODUCTIONDuring the 1980s and the early 1990s there have been significant advancements in the development of technology to control diesel particulate emissions. Efforts have been focused on internal control of the engine by design, the use of after-treatment devices, and improvements in fuel formulations to reduce all the diesel emissions. The research and development activities have been driven by the need to meet the US EPA heavy-duty vehicle standards shown in Table 1. The important standards for new technology are the 1994 heavy-duty vehicle 0.1 gm/bhp-hr particulate, the new urban bus 0.05 gm/bhp-hr particulate standard for 1996 and the heavy-duty vehicle 4.0 gm/bhp-hr NOx standard for 1998."

Dec 1, 1995

By Pratt Rogers, Aaron Young

This paper considers the mining industry’s need for digital transformation (DT) and presents a three-part review of the foundational components of the DT process: ubiquitous data, connectivity and decision-making. It also provides a discussion on the future of DT in mining as well as a research direction, which identifies the need of academia to provide support for mining companies in the form of both research and the education of digitally literate, dynamically capable mining engineers into the coming decades.

By Pratt Rogers, Aaron Young

Digital transformation (DT) is the process by which entities adapt themselves to modern technology. As digital technology becomes more prevalent (automation, cameras, sensors, touchscreens, artificial intelligence, etc.), there will be increased pressure on companies to leverage it for additional gains. For many companies in the mining industry, this will involve overcoming a steep learning curve. Furthermore, as the long-term success of the mining industry is dependent on a labor force with new skills (data management, analytics, digital literacy, etc.), new curriculum will need to be appended to the mining engineering discipline. This paper considers the mining industry’s need for DT. Then, it presents a three-part review of the foundational components of the DT process–ubiquitous data, connectivity, and decision making. Finally, it provides a discussion on the future of DT in mining as well as a research direction, which identifies the need of academia to provide support for mining companies in the form of both research and the education of digitally literate, dynamically capable mining engineers into the coming decades.

By P Craig, M Holden, C Zhang, D Foster, J Oh, S Saydam, J Liu, H L. Ramandi, S Akdag

High stress in rock masses can cause significant instability problems such as squeezing deformation in soft rock and rock bursts in hard rock. The support system applied in burst-prone areas in high-stress conditions is required to be able to carry high load and accommodate large deformation of the rock mass without experiencing any serious damage. Yielding support systems are promising to provide support for both squeezing and burst-prone rock mass encountered in mining or tunnelling at depth. They are ideally strong and stiff initially and then ductile after yielding (Potvin and Hadjigeorgiou, 2020). With respect to support design, a ground support system has to create a safe working environment under both static and dynamic loading conditions by providing the functions of reinforcing, retaining, holding and connecting elements (Cai and Kasier, 2018). Rigid rock bolts and cable bolts perform reinforcing and holding functions of a ground support system. In highly fractured ground or with large excavation spans (eg at roadway intersections or in caverns), unstable ground depth can exceed the length of typical rigid rock bolts (ie greater than ~3.0 m). In such cases, flexible cable bolts are needed to tie the reinforced and retained rock mass back to deeper and more stable rock. The flexibility of cable bolts allows anchor lengths greater than the tunnel opening that would otherwise restrict rigid bolts. Cable bolts also offer higher strength to weight ratio, with tensile strengths 2–3 times that of standard rebar bolts. This high strength comes at the cost of lower strain tolerance, typically around 5–7 per cent at break. Despite the lower strain tolerance, cable bolts are often used as dynamic support in demanding burst-prone ground conditions. The lower strain tolerance is compensated by allowing sufficient free length for stretching or incorporating a yielding device. There are a number of dynamic cable bolts available on the market and a number of testing campaigns have been undertaken to quantify the dynamic performance of these cable bolts. This paper reviews the existing range of dynamic cable bolts and discusses the potential areas for improvement and further research.

Nov 29, 2022

By F. Hörtkorn, Y. Narainsamy

Rather quietly, a new generation of European norms dealing with earthworks has been developed over the past few years, in particular a part of EN 16907 pertaining to extractive waste. Whereas the majority of the parts deal with routine geotechnical aspects, one part deals specifically with tailings dams. The standard is currently in draft form but if this becomes a European Standard, members of the European Union are bound to comply with the regulations. As such, the standard has the capacity to influence mining in Europe and potentially in South Africa. In this paper we review the standard and compare it to the South African standard on mine residues and the recently published Global Industry Standard on Tailings Management (GISTM). We conclude found that although the European norm makes great strides towards increasing tailings dam safety, there is room for improvement. The current South African standard has served well since its inception, but can be improved by using concepts from the European and global tailings standards.

Jun 2, 2022

By Merle L. Bowser, Lawrence W. Scott, John N. Murphy

The environmental status of underground mining operations is critical to the health and safety of the miners; particularly in a large mine, the multitude of interacting parameters that can favorably or adversely affect the environmental status makes the manpower requirement of the routine checking of specific areas and conditions a formidable one. While the concept of environmental monitoring for miners has been considered for some time, until recently the availability of sensors to reliably measure the parameters of interest severely limited the utility of such systems. The status of sensors for mine use and the evaluation of environmental monitoring systems is reviewed.

Jan 9, 1979

By John N. Murphy

The environmental status of underground mining operations is critical to the health and safety of the miners; particularly in a large mine, the multitude of interacting parameters that can favorably or adversely affect the environ-mental status makes the manpower requirement of the routine checking of specific areas and conditions a formidable one. While the concept of environmental monitoring for miners has been considered for some time, until recently the availability of sensors to reliably measure the parameters of interest severely limited the utility of such systems. The status of sensors for mine use and the evaluation of environmental monitoring systems is reviewed.

Jan 1, 1977

By Merle L. Bowser, Lawrence W. Scott, John N. Murphy

The environmental status of underground mining operations is critical to the health and safety of the miners; particularly in a large mine, the multitude of interacting parameters that can favorably or adversely affect the environmental status makes the manpower requirement of the routine checking of specific areas and conditions a formidable one. While the concept of environmental monitoring for miners has been considered for some time, until recently the availability of sensors to reliably measure the parameters of interest severely limited the utility of such systems. The status of sensors for mine use and the evaluation of enviornmental monitoring systems is reviewed.

Jan 1, 1980

By B Dold

Western Europe is a dynamic region, with an emerging co-operation between the individual nations both politically, economically, technically and scientifically. The European Union, today with 15 member States and with a range of central European States applying for membership, is a catalyst for this Cupertino, using a combination of EU funds, for financing research initiatives, and legislation to enhance development of technology and environmental performance. Europe is a major net importer of metals but with a large potential for own production, in particular in the accession countries. The metals and mining sector is furthermore identified as having a large potential to generate wealth both in todayÆs EU and in the future, widened Union. This paper provides a chart of examples on the many research initiatives presently underway in Europe, addressing environmental issues related to mining. The list of programmes and projects does not claim to be complete; it is rather an illustration on the wideness of the approach, describing various ways for transboundary Cupertino. The approach taken by many of the programmes goes beyond the strict ARD scientific area and therefore only a limited number of the many programmes can be identified as ARD research programmes. Also national programmes, without EU funding, are operating, eg in Sweden, Germany, and UK. The picture is continuously changing with new programmes being commissioned and old ones being completed.

Jan 1, 2003

By B. M. Larsen

ATTEMPTING to review the fundamental aspects of segregation in steel ingots of all types in a paper of reasonable length, we encounter two difficulties: (I) the fact that a large number of different physical and chemical effects are involved, and (2) rather incomplete and confusing evidence on certain aspects of detail and mechanism in the freezing process in which the segregation effect is involved. The best solution seemed to be to link together most of the underlying factors into a simplified theoretical picture that appears to the writer to explain most of the observed data, in the hope that this will serve as a reasonably good target for discussion and criticism. Segregation effects, especially in steel ingots or castings, are often divided into " microscopic " and " macroscopic," depending on whether the variations in concentration of solutes? or dissolved elements in the iron occur as: (I) a periodic variation over the small distances between the nuclei and the surfaces of the primary grains, or (2) as a larger scale effect involving concentration gradients over distances of the order of several inches, more or less. The reason for this somewhat artificial division is, of course, that it is only the macroscopic scale effect that has much practical importance. About the only effect of practical importance that results from microscopic segregation is the banded structure often left in rolled sections, and even this is relatively harmless in most cases. However, the causes of microscopic segregation also underly the larger scale effect, so we must first consider matters such as the formation and growth of crystal nuclei, selective freezing and diffusion, and others that are fundamental to all segregation effects. UNDERCOOLING AND NUCLEI FORMATION It is probable that although the degree of undercooling is small in iron, as in metals in general, a certain amount of it takes place, and also that the number of crystal nuclei increases very rapidly with increased undercooling below the liquidus tempera¬ture. In practical terms this means that the nuclei number increases very rapidly with increased cooling or freezing rate, thus being dependent on the rate of heat flow out from the zone of crystallization. TEMPERATURE GRADIENTS AND HEAT DISSIPATION DURING FREEZING Each pound of steel evolves about 100 B.t.u. when freezing. In addition to this, the temperature gradient in the solidified portion (required to dissipate the heat as freezing progresses into the axis) necessitates a loss of heat required to cool the solid metal below its freezing range, which is equivalent to an amount of not so much less in magnitude. In a 5-ton ingot, the total would include about one million B.t.u. for freezing alone and about 0.4 to 0.5 million B.t.u. for the gradient, up to the end of the freezing period: Thus the rate of freezing depends primarily on the rate of heat dissipation. In the ordinary ingot shapes, the axial rate of growth of the solid

Jan 1, 1944

By M. Massinaei, M. R. Yarahmadi, S. Zeidabadi, M. Oliazadeh

"Although the majority of new flotation column installations continue to be for cleaning or recleaning, an increasing number of flotation projects are specifying columns for roughing or scavenging duties. NICICO has recently installed flotation columns operating in rougher, cleaner and re-cleaner circuits at three new copper concentrators; Miduk, Sungun and Sarcheshmeh. Miduk is probably one of the unique operations that use flotation columns in a rougher circuit. The Miduk rougher circuit comprises five CISA parallel columns. The rougher concentrate constitutes 88% of final concentrate and reports to concentrate thickener. The rougher tailings are scavenged with ten 50 m3 mechanical cells. The scavenger concentrate is then reground and cleaned in three 3.2 m columns in parallel. The cleaner tailings are scavenged in six 50 m37mechanical cells. The cleaner tailings along with the rougher scavenger constitute final tailings.In Sarcheshmeh, the cleaner concentrate is re-cleaned in a column. The column tailings are sent back to the cleaning circuit and the concentrate is reported to the concentrate thickener.This paper reviews performance details of the flotation columns utilized in rougher circuits at Miduk and compares their metallurgical performances in an industrial scale with columns at cleaning circuits for copper flotation. Practical limitations for applying the flotation columns in rougher circuits will be discussed in details.INTRODUCTIONThe use of flotation columns has grown rapidly since the first successful commercial application at Mines Gaspe, where columns were used in a cleaning circuit to float molybdenite. Early applications of columns were restricted to replacing or adding final cleaning stages in existing circuits. Columns can achieve superior cleaning as compared to conventional cells due to their ability to support a large froth depth and the use of water for washing froth. Wash water travels down through the froth and crosses the pulp/froth interface, replaces the entrained particles reporting to the froth from pulp and improve the concentrate grade."

Jan 1, 2011

By Ho SE, Neil Phillips G, Houstoun SM

There are numerous individual gold deposits in the Archaean greenstone belts of Western Australia, but only 26 have productions and/or quoted reserves in excess of 10 tonnes Au. Most gold production has come from mineralization in shear zones, quartz veins or stockworks in volcanic or intrusive host rocks, particularly tholeiitic basalts or dolerites metamorphosed at sub-amphibolite facies (e.g. Kalgoorlie). Significant prod- uction has also come from BIF-hosted deposits (e.g. Hill 50), and large reserves are quoted for mafic hosts at high metamorphic grade (e.g. Big Bell). Most deposits have marked structural control, great depth extension, and are characterized by zoned alteration haloes of pyritization (with Au), K-metasomatism and carbonation. On the regional scale, most larger volcanic- or intrusive-hosted deposits occur in younger (ca 2.8 b.y.) rift-phase green- stones (Norseman-Wiluna Belt). These belts also have a high prospectivity (36 kg Au/km2 of greenstone belt). Younger (ca 3.0 b.y.) and older (ca 3.5 b.y.) platform-phase green stones of the Murchison and Sodthern Cross Provinces and the east Pilbara, respectively, are progressively less prospective (14 kg Au/km2 and 0.8 kg Au/km2, respectively) and also have progressively smaller deposits. The important regional- and local-scale characteristics of most gold deposits can be explained in terms of a metamorphic- replacement model. In this model, metamorphic H2O-CO2 fluids, focussed by faults and shear zones, infiltrated host rocks and deposit gold at 350 + 50¦C and 1-2 kb, largely in response to fluid-wallrock interaction. In many large deposits, gold precipitation was synchronous with sulphidation of Fe-rich host rocks, but the diversity and abundance of smaller deposits reflects the variety of reactions precipitating gold from ubiquitous, auriferous metamorphic fluids. Regional variations in abundance and size of deposits relate to factors such as tectonic setting, alteration styles and possibly source rocks.

Jan 1, 1986

By M. Melih Demirkan, Jared Deible, Michael Rosenmeier, Mazen Elias Adib, Juan J. Gutierrez, Raghav Ramanathan

Dewatering and groundwater control is required frequently for construction projects and needs to be accounted for and dealt with care during design and construction to complete the project successfully. Dewatering can cause changes in porewater pressure, which changes the effective vertical stress in a soil mass. Dewatering can also cause changes in groundwater chemistry which in turn can cause changes in porewater pressure and also dissolution of soluble minerals in the soil and rock. The Guideline developed in this study addresses the engineering issues, approaches to lessen the potential risks associated with construction dewatering, and presents dewatering practices to support dewatering applications regulated by the Municipality of Abu Dhabi City (ADM) in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The subsurface condition within the city presents significant geotechnical problems due to presence of shallow subsurface cavities and soluble minerals in the soil and rock. Therefore it is critical to develop standards for dewatering practices to provide information for local dewatering engineers and contractors with special emphasis to control and to eliminate the subsidence/collapse problems related to dewatering projects within the Abu Dhabi city. The ADM is also responsible for approval of permit applications for projects that involve dewatering. In order to minimize the risk related to subsidence/collapse problems due to dewatering, construction companies and dewatering contractors need to be informed about possible mitigative measures that can be employed to reduce risks. The guidelines were developed as part of this study based on detailed analysis of the local subsurface conditions. A set of rules and regulations are developed for geotechnical and hydrogeological investigations, dewatering design and monitoring criteria depending on the hazard zones, proximity of excavation to critical structures, excavation depth. The Guidelines include examples of permit application packages for three types of dewatering projects; one involving shallow dewatering, one involving intermediate depth dewatering, and one involving deep dewatering. These Guidelines are considered as living document and will be updated as required, as additional information is collected and additional local experience is gained.

Jan 1, 2016

By T. Payne

Underground heat issues are mainly focused on the detrimental effects to a workers health. However, working in hot, humid conditions has other negative effects. Studies have shown that safety, productivity, workforce morale and operating cost are also worsened in these conditions. The human body has several mechanisms for rejecting heat and remaining cool. However, once the air temperature exceeds about 34°C, the only effective mechanism is by evaporation of sweat from the skin. This is assisted by acclimatisation which is the human body?s enhanced ability to combat extended exposure to heat. The body has to remain well hydrated when working in heat as even small degrees of dehydration cause significant decreases in the ability to work in heat. There are two ways in which heat load can be reduced: Through use of refrigeration/vent/cooling to reduce thermal stress on workers; Reduce the contribution that heat sources have to underground heat load (e.g. reduce idle time, fleet size, etc). Some of the sources of underground heat have the potential to be more manageable than others. Geothermal heat and heat from autocompression will be found in all mining situations in varying degrees depending on geothermal gradient and surface temperature, however, the use of equipment and blasting may be streamlined to reduce the underground heat load. It is through a combination of the available options that most mines will successfully control their heat related problems. Mt Isa, which has been a focus for heat related study in Australia, has successfully implemented protocols for working in heat. Through combining these with the installation of a surface bulk air cooling plant, Mt Isa has consistently reduced the incidence of heat illness. This is likely to be the most cost effective method of reducing heat load for deep mines in Australia. Shallower mines which may only occasionally encounter hot conditions should consider more portable cooling options. This study will review the heat issues in underground Australian metalliferous mines.

Jan 1, 2009

By F. Grant

"General *The mining experiences of the coal mining industry in Western Canada have been extremely varied, with the mining companies having to adjust their operations or fail due to the harsh economy of the country in the first part of the century. The bituminous or mountain mines had the railways as main consumers with, at times, optimism that potential steel producers would require metallurgical coal. The prairie and foothills mines mainly provided household fuels, with the fine coal sold to local thermal power plants at discounted prices. In practically all cases fuel competition was very keen, and the less successful mines ceased operations in short-time spans. Knowledge of the parameters that governed the success or failures of the past coal operations should be of value to the present and future mining companies. The initial coal mines were small and were started to supply local demand. These mines had little in the way of capital machinery, engineering, or transportation equipment; therefore the mining methods and mine plans were very simple. The first industrial-sized mines imported most of their management and mining methods from other mining areas, mainly Great Britain. It took time to change the bias of management and mining methods to the requirements of strata characteristics, with rapid closure to those mines that were slow to adapt working methods. The main markets for coal were for household fuel, thermal power plants and railways, with very few other industrial markets developed. The economy of the period was harsh and cyclic and the coal mines were affected more than most industries by these boom and bust periods. It led to the survival of the fittest or the most efficient. Due to the economy, mechanization was introduced to the mines very slowly, with the inability to sell coal fines at a profit being another reason for the delay. Manual labour with hand tools was the main means of production. The work was heavy and arduous, and the pay was based on contract coal tonnage; therefore both men and management paid close attention to details so that nonessential work could be eliminated. Mine openings were dimensioned so that coal could be loaded easily by hand and support requirements were kept to the minimum. Transporting and handling the timber supports required heavy labour; thus the most efficient dimensions were chosen to suit the strata. On the other hand, during the main production seasons the mines tried to make the strata stress work for them so that the pressure was kept on the coal face to keep the coal loose while the strata, a short distance back, was induced to cave to minimize the abutment stresses. This caused mining to be an art, using skills developed by experience with the strata. This led to the development of efficient mine layouts with the openings dimensioned to the strength of the strata and the type of support available. The lack of capital and mechanization, and the manual labour, induced the mines to correlate their service and haulage systems with their mining methods. This caused many innovations that proved very practical."

Jan 1, 1985

There have been many developments in recent years in pipeline transport to enable them to be more widely used in industry. Substantial tonnages of materials that are not affected by water, such as coal and other minerals, aggregates and wastes, can be moved over considerable distances in quite small diameter pipes. Where there are no existing road or rail facilities, long-distance pipelines are usually cheaper to install, and this advantage increases in difficult terrain. Pipeline operators all over the world assert that hydraulic lines pay for themselves in a relatively short time, in spite of the heavy capital outlay, and this is equally true for lines convey-ing slurries or pastes within a plant complex.'This paper reviews some of the more important investigations in the hydraulic transport field. Although reference to systems carrying a wide range of materials is made, the majority of recent published data centres on coal transport.The paper looks at the application to a wide range of particle sizes, the development of non-aqueous slurrying media and coal/water fuels. The review also looks at some of the equipment being proposed to provide more reliable operation and in particular the range of solids-handling pumps now available.-The paper goes on to identify areas where further research and development is required and some of the many organisations undertaking this work.

Jan 1, 1985

By Guy Reed, Russell Frith

In situ or pre-mining horizontal stresses are arguably the least well understood of the principal inputs into underground coal mining geotechnical engineering design, whether analytical, empirical, or numerical. This is a direct result of both the cost and difficulty of obtaining meaningful stress measurements, the various limitations of the measurement method in terms of sourcing strata types that approximate the assumed conditions of the post-measurement mathematics to convert measured strains into stresses, and a common practice by some geotechnical professionals to preferentially utilise generic values rather than interrogate the available measurement data for cause and effect relationships between horizontal stress magnitudes, directions and a range of associated controls. That numerical modelling simulations attempt to mimic reality but often rely on simplified generic horizontal stress input assumptions is a particular cause for further consideratio The paper attempts to further explore the nature of in situ horizontal stresses using a range of stress measurement results from the Australian coal sector supplemented by several international studies addressing the same basic issue, the result being a number of credible and highly relevant “cause and effect" inter-relationships between the three principal in situ stresses in addition to the influence of rock properties (e. Young's Modulus and Poisson's Ratio), cover depth and the larger-scale structural geological environment. In particular, the paper demonstrates that despite being commonly overlooked as a primary rock/coal material property, Poisson's Ratio and the associated K Effect are intrinsic to understanding 3D in situ stress measurement results and therefore, predicting in situ stress magni- tudes more generally for geotechnical analyses purposes. As a fundamental question, the paper addresses whether it is necessary and of engineering value to characterise in situ horizontal stresses: according to distinct "domains," in the same way that more easily identifiable geotechnical properties such as rock mass ratings, coal seam thickness, ply splits, and cover depth are often treated.

Jun 25, 2024

By C. G. Hunkin

In situ, or in-place leaching is concerned with the extraction of metals from natural mineral disseminations without removal from their geologic location which, in many cases, amounts to the reversal of the deposition process accompanied by a presumed increase in velocity of the processes, if the project is to be profitable. Solution mining processes involve removal of minerals such as sulfur, common salt, and potash, generally leaving cavernous voids, in contrast to in situ leaching which term is applied to the selective dissolution of a mineral from its gangue without sensible disturbance of the formation. Where such a process can be operated, the advantages are manifold and have been so recognized by miners from the earliest days of mining. Recent technological developments have encouraged a reassessment of the status of in situ leaching, and it now appears possible to extend the application of the method from a few isolated special situations to many uranium and copper deposits. Anaconda's interest in the techniques stems from long experience with vat and heap leaching, 'dump leaching, and natural leach activities associated with several established mines. Increasing activity through-out the industry has been noted, particularly in leaching low grade pillars and the peripheral zones of operating mines, often by the introduction of leach solutions via boreholes drilled from surface. Reactivation of dormant mines] using similar techniques has been successful. Over the long term, environmental improvement activity will lead to excess sulfuric acid production, even to a disposal problem. The cost of leach solutions and reagents must be reexamined in this light. The mineral industry now classifies as uneconomic deposits of readily soluole minerals whose potential value, on a per acre basis, may De several times that of many currently profitable oil field reser-

Jan 1, 1971

By P. V. Golde, R. A. Poole, G. R. Baiden

"INCO is committed to proceed into the next century using automation and robotics to achieve safety and productivity goals necessary to enhance its competitive position. Stobie Mine, decades old, is the first of its mines to change from labour-intensive to automationassisted techniques. This paper is a synopsis of the progress made during the transition period including overviews of some of the projects as well as some of the difficulties in the assimilation of the technology. BackgroundThe ObjectiveThis paper is an update on remote control and LHD automation installation at Stobie mine. The communications system installed at the mine and the ability to remotely control underground equipment from surface is reviewed (Poole et al., 1996, 1997). It discusses some of the experiences and processes required to further the concept to consolidate the operation of multiple machines under a single operator. It considers the communications systems requirements and their focuses, particularly on the development of systems for the tele-operation of LHDs and drilling machines from surface."

Jan 1, 1998

By K J. Lownie, T Rafferty

The in situ testing of mine ventilation fan systems has been a contentious issue for many years. Site testing was generally undertaken by adapting standards that were developed for the laboratory testing of fans using standardised airways. The deficiencies inherent in this practice have been widely recognised by informed practitioners, and this led to the first stand-alone document specifically intended for the in situ testing of large fans (ISO 5802:2001 Industrial fans - Performance testing in situ).This paper describes the structure of the International Standards organisation and the processes that are followed in the course of preparing such a standard.The application of ISO 5802:2001 is briefly outlined together with how test data is assessed for compliance with the suppliers guarantee. This paper must be read in conjunction with ISO 5801:2007, ISO 5802:2001 and ISO 13348:2007.CITATION:Lownie, K J and Rafferty, T, 2013. A review of ISO 5802:2001 industrial fans - performance testing i n situ, in Proceedings The Australian Mine Ventilation Conference , pp 149-154 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).

Jul 1, 2013