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By Susan M. Moore

The objective of this study was to evaluate the circumstances leading to fall from equipment injuries in the mining industry. Method: The 2006 and 2007 Mine Safety and Health Administration annual injury databases were utilized for this study whereby the injury narrative, nature of injury, body part injured, mine type, age at injury, and days lost were evaluated for each injury. Results: The majority of injuries occurred at surface mining facilities (~60%) with fractures and sprains/strains being the most common injuries occurring to the major joints of the body. Nearly 50% of injuries occurred during ingress/egress, predominately during egress, and approximately 25% of injuries occurred during maintenance tasks. The majority of injuries occurred in relation to large trucks, wheel loaders, dozers, and conveyors/belts. The severity of injury was independent of age and the median days lost was seven days; however, there was a large range in severity. Impact on industry: From the data obtained in this study, several different research areas have been identified for future work, which include balance and stability control when descending ladders and equipment design for maintenance tasks.

Jan 1, 2009

By AIME AIME

SECOND only to the February Annual Meeting of the Institute are the Regional and Divisional meetings held in the fall of each year. Six such gatherings are scheduled in the next the months, with something likely to interest every member of the Institute. A brief résumé of the programs follows. Regional Meeting Vancouver T HE regional meeting of the Institute will be held at Vancouver, Sept. 13 to 20, in conjunction with the annual western meeting of the Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. The pro gram appeared on page 350 of MINING AND METALLURGY for July and-proof of careful preparation-a month later re- quires no correction and little elaboration. On the technical side there are few changes. A new item on the Wednesday morning program is the paper, "Investigation of Residential-type Stokers," by H. F. Yancey, supervising engineer, Northwest Experiment Station. U. S. Bureau of Mines, Seattle. As to entertainment the meeting is taking on some most pleasurable aspects. Two notable excursions have been arranged.

Jan 1, 1937

TULSA, the host of the Petroleum Division this year, is the oil metropolis of the Mid- Continent and gateway of the Southwest. It has risen in less than three decades from a dusty cattle town of less than 1000 population to its present-day status of a modern, wide-awake and prosperous city of close to 150,000, with an assessed realty valuation of approximately $100,000,000. Oil was discovered near Tulsa in 1901, and with it came th.2 development of the Mid-Continent field, one of the richest in the world. Tulsa from the start has been the center of operations, and its location on foul- and aggressive application of the airplane to oil-field requirements tends to fix this status as production is developed farther and farther afield. That Tulsa is far more than an ephemeral oil town is punched into the newcomer's- especially the Easterner's-mind, as he is whisked by taxi from the railroad station to the Hotel Mayo. The cicadalike pounding of the riveters on the steel skeletons of many skyscrapers, mounting upward to fill the gaps in an already well-developed skyline, dispels the feeling of a new atmosphere and puts him back on Forty-second Street, Michigan Boulevard or whatever his own particular "Main Street" may be along which an American city is being remade. Practically every company of any importance operating in the Mid-Con-

Jan 1, 1928

By AIME AIME

A THOROUGHLY satisfactory crowd turned out at the fall meeting of the Industrial Minerals Division and took an active part in the entire program. On Thursday afternoon, Sept. 24, a limestone plant was inspected, technical sessions occupying the attention of the visitors all day Friday and Saturday morning. Headquarters were at the Nittany Lion Inn, an attractive hostel on the Penn State campus, at State College, right in the center of Pennsylvania. We are still in the dark, despite inquiries, as to just what breed of lions Nittany lions are. As nearly as we could find out, Nittany is not a Biblical name, as it sounded to us, but a corruption of the name of an Indian princess, or maiden, or maybe just girl that haunted those parts in bygone times and after whom a near-by mountain was named. Penn State athletes are "lions" and there you are. The meeting was supposed to be a joint one with the American Ceramic Society's Materials and Equipment Division; but it was quite evident that the Institute had a much better publicity agent than the Society, which bothered Ross. Purdy, the aggressive secretary of the ceramic people, no end. However, Secretary Purdy saw to it that everyone present fully understood that the Ceramic Society was present, so that that contingent all but stole the show, its representatives presiding at every meeting. The Pittsburgh Section of the American Ceramic Society was also supposed to be holding its fall meeting there at the same time, but made no trouble at all for anybody, as one of the speakers remarked.

Jan 1, 1936

By N. L. ALISON

MUCH has been published on the general subject of metal mine ventilation but, so far as I can discover, few specific data on selection of fan equipment to meet the requirements of a given mine ventilation problem are available. This article is intended to point out some of the more important considerations which influence the selection of such equipment. It will be assumed that the mine operator is able to determine the quantity of air which is necessary in the various parts of his mine to produce the required results and the pressure in inches water gage needed to circulate this quantity of air through the mine. There may be instances in which this assumption is not justified, but the fact remains that, with proper engineering talent, these data can be approximated sufficiently close for practical purposes.

Jan 1, 1930

By K. A. Mackinnon

The choice of fan type (axial flow, centrifugal or mixed flow) most suited for a mine ventilation application depends on a number of technical and economic factors. For each project, the relative importance of these factors will vary. It is worthwhile to carry out an assessment on a case by case basis. The paper, by discussing a number of technical and economic factors and their interactions, will provide the ventilation official a methodology to easily and methodically undertake such an assessment.

Aug 1, 2013

The spatial and temporal evolution from the porphyry to high-sulphidation epithermal environment can be assessed by integrating new results on such deposits (Arribas et al, 1995; Hedenquist et al, 1998) with past studies of plutonic and porphyry systems (Dilles and Proffett, 1995; Cline, 1995; Shinohara and Hedenquist, 1997; Hedenquist and Richards, 1998). Some time ago, Sillitoe (1973) argued for the nature of the tops and bottoms of porphyry deposits. He concluded that epithermal deposits may form over the tops of some porphyry systems. We can now conclude more confidently what the tops and bottoms of many high-sulphidation ore deposits appeared like while active (Arribas, 1995; Hedenquist, 1995). In addition, we better understand the nature of the zonation of high-sulphidation epithermal systems from the intrusive to surficial environment (Sillitoe, 1999), and how these two styles of ore deposit are related. Geological and geochemical evidence clearly indicates a continuum between these two ore environments. This improved understanding of genesis allows more efficient exploration for these deposits. There are many examples of spatially associated porphyry and epithermal ore deposits. A genetic connection has been suggested by some, and argued against by others. Nowhere is this spatial association better seen than in northern Luzon, Philippines, where the Lepanto high-sulphidation epithermal Cu-Au deposit overlies the Far Southeast (FSE) porphyry Cu-Au resource (Figure 1). Together these mineralised bodies contain a resource of >3.8 M tonnes Cu and >550 tonnes Au. Lepanto was largely mined out in early-1997. Post-war production until 1995 was 0.73 Mt Cu, 115 t Au and 393 t Ag at an average grade of 2.2 per cent Cu, 3.5 g/t Au and 11 g/t Ag. The recent discovery of the adjacent Victoria low-sulphidation quartz-Au-base metal vein deposit, with a resource of >68 tonnes Au (Cuison et al, 1998), illustrates the variety and abundance of mineralisation in the Mankayan district. This district also hosts the Guinaoang porphyry Cu-Au deposit (Sillitoe and Angeles, 1985) and other epithermal vein occurrences (Figure 1). This brief summary reviews the results recently published on the Lepanto-FSE deposits (Arribas et al, 1995; Mancano and Campbell, 1995; Claveria, 1998; Hedenquist et al, 1998), and stresses the evidence for coupling of mineralisation between the porphyry and high-sulphidation epithermal environments.

Jan 1, 1999

Mine Evaluation Engineering , Operational and Social evaluation. Focus is on what opportunities are available. Social ??History ??Past Management Practices ??Community / Available labor force Mining Method / Equipment ??Competent rock ?little support required, no backfill ??Shallow mining ?ramp mining, no shafts or hoisting ??Large scale mining potential ??Simple rock breaking and crushing on surfaceMill Process ??Straightforward gold liberation process Create a Plan / Create a Team Following the feasibility 44-101. Key people were hired and a full operational Business Plan was developed. Focus is on how to get the job done. ??Scoping Study / Pre-Feasibility / Feasibility ??Operational Business Plan ??Hire key people ??Purchase key equipment

May 1, 2006

By Richard Hamburger

Calculating machines permit the use of the more rapid cotangent and semigraphic solutions of plane triangulation. The results of these methods are as accurate as those of other methods. Simple adjustment of the net, and ease of calculation encourage more complete field work. Errors in field work or in computation are easily localized.

Jan 1, 1950

By Arif Emre Dursun

The aim of this study is to present hazard classifications of location, type, and causes of accidents in Turkish coal-extracting industries using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). In this study, fatal mine accidents were analyzed by pairwise comparison and weighting, and the most important hazards were identified by determining the effective main and sub-criteria among location, type, and causes of accidents. For this purpose, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd level hazards consisting of location, type, and causes of accident were determined by using the data of fatal mine accidents in underground and open-pit coal mining in Turkey between the years of 2010 and 2020. And then the data were categorized, and each category was prioritized using the AHP technique. According to the weights calculated by AHP, the most dangerous main criteria at 1st level hazards in underground coal mining is ventilation operations (0.363), while the most dangerous sub-criterion at 2nd level hazards is firedamp explosions and other gas accidents (0.409). On the other hand, in open-pit coal mining, the most dangerous main criteria at 1st level hazards are slopes and benches (0.575), while the most dangerous sub-criterion at 2nd level hazards are landslides (0.429).

Dec 30, 2023

By Howard Eavenson

SOME time ago, in a conference considering the mechanizing of a group of mines, I was asked if I knew of any data showing the relative frequency of accidents due to the use of 275 or 550-volt current inside mines and having a recollection of seeing some in print, the answer was made that I would find what was available. Subsequent search failed to find any pub-lished records of any kind giving such figures and none of the compensation agencies of whom inquiry was made were able to supply any, excepting the Pennsyl-vania Compensation Rating and Inspection Bureau, which had some data covering a few months for some companies in that State. The inquiry was confined to the three largest producing States, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Illinois. The inspection departments of neither of the first two had any such records, and in Illinois, only 275 volts has been allowed inside the mines for many years. A laborious inquiry has resulted in the data, shown in Table 1, which on this account was confined to the years 1921 and 1925, the latter being the latest figures available. In each State, to find the mines using 275 and 550-volt current respectively, it was necessary to list the mines from the Coal Catalog, and then to complete the list by inquiries from the companies directly, from Operators' Associations and from Inspection Depart-ments. As the mines not electrified, and those using

Jan 5, 1928

By D. A. Aranda-Regino, C. Gómez-de-la-Garza, J. Ramírez-Cuellar, L. A. Leduc-Lezama

The Pickling Line Tandem Cold Mill (PLTCM) at Ternium’s Pesqueria plant with a 5 stands, 6 high configuration started in 2013. At the time of the start up the work roll specification and grinding practices were stablished following a low risk policy to be able to sustain any start-up associated accident. Once a stable operation has been achieved both these policies are being modified to improve productivity and reduce costs. The specified hardness of the rolls has been increased and efforts are being made to optimize the grinding according to the rolling campaign length and materials. The fatigue damage in work rolls, after rolling and its removal by grinding was followed by hardness measurements made at the end of the rolling campaign and after grinding. Softening of the rolls after rolling was found mainly in final stands to be related to the averaged stress experienced during the campaign, the original roll hardness was recovered after grinding. Hardness evolution was also followed after each grinding step finding that the total amount of grinding could be reduced. The grinding practice was modified accordingly for the first stands and the yield of work rolls in them has improved.

Oct 1, 2019

By T Dawson, B Haskins

Fatigue is it the newest buzz word or is fatigue a real phenomenon that is creating safety and organisational risk for you? There is no debate that fatigue is natural, and it affects us all, just like gravity; however, there has been much debate on the severity of its impact in the workplace. For many years the impact was not measurable, hidden out of sight and, quite frankly, written off as the infamous ‘operator error’. Over the last several years, advancements in technology have provided safety and health professionals, sleep scientists, fatigue experts and organisations with the ability to monitor and detect fatigue events in real time, as well as predict and monitor increased risk for fatigue events. Caterpillar Safety Services has assembled an extensive and exceptional set of technologies that will provide the best methods and data to measure the impact of fatigue. This paper will discuss fatigue in the workplace and review the technologies and data sets available, which will allow the reader to determine whether this risk is real or rubbish.CITATION:Haskins, B and Dawson, T, 2017. Fatigue risk in your operations – real or rubbish? It actually depends , in Proceedings 13th AusIMM Underground Operators’ Conference 2017, pp 137–142 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).

Oct 16, 2017

By M Eggers, H Baxter

This paper discusses the geotechnical condition of bedding shears and small- and large-scale faults and shears in Archean banded iron formation (BIF) bedrock, based on observations of core and televiewer images. Information that can be collected includes the orientation of defects, infill thickness, strength and material type, defect shape and surface roughness.The spacing and continuity of bedding shears may be critical to slope design where performance is structurally controlled with bedding dipping out of a wall. The intensity of development of the bedding shear is a useful indicator of the amount of shearing a bedding surface has been subjected to. This can allow for engineering judgement to be used in adopting peak or residual shear strengths along defect surfaces when developing the design.The spacing and continuity of bedding shears may also contribute to the blockiness and degradation of a rock mass where the structural orientation is otherwise favourable. Additionally the condition, thickness and strength of infill of major fault structures can affect slope design and performance, depending on orientation.Comparison of the condition of structures observed in core with the corresponding in situ televiewer image has been made to assess what characteristics are most accurately captured by each technique and whether the additional information gathered from using the televiewer technique is justified by the cost. The question of whether the data collected by a televiewer is sufficient to ultimately replace the need for core is considered.CITATION:Baxter, H and Eggers, M, 2013. Fault and shear characterisation in archean banded iron formation bedrock - a comparison between core and televiewer data collection techniques, in Proceedings Iron Ore 2013 , pp 47-56 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).

Aug 12, 2013

By M. H. ElMaghraby

This paper describes the development and validation of a strategy for vibration-based online detection of faults in a particular class of machinery commonly found in industry. This machinery is defined by two basic characteristics that preclude it from the application of standard online condition monitoring approaches. The first characteristic is that the machine is in a constant state of transient operation, thus making it difficult to differentiate between changes in transducer measurements that are due to variable duty and those that are due to machine malfunction or fault. The second characteristic is the fact that the machinery involves multiple sub systems that are subject to identical and simultaneous loading, operating environments and duty cycles. An example of such machinery is a system of multiple hydraulic pumps driving a common load. The monitoring strategy presented here employs an anomaly detection scheme together with methods of signal processing and feature extraction that exploit the parallel duty arrangements of this equipment. Preliminary data is collected from a pair or motor-gearbox assemblies used in a material haulage system in the mining industry. Testing and validation was performed on a mechatronic test bench with both healthy and faulted components. Experiments were carried out to investigate how various configurations of the system were able to detect different types of faults. The results indicate that this approach is effective and merits further investigation.

May 1, 2013

By Harold Hopkins

THE Wright-Hargreaves mine is one of a group of seven mines long active in the Kirkland Lake district, Ontario. Detailed geological reports and maps covering the area have been published by the Ontario Department of Mines (1,3)t. Though all these mines work several productive veins there is one vein which is common to all and is known as the North Vein of the camp?not that it is the most northerly vein mined, but it is the more northerly of the two major veins of the camp. At the Wright-Hargreaves mine there are in all ten important producing veins, and most of them have a N.60°-65°E. strike and in general a steep southerly dip. It is a common belief that most of these veins lie along faults but it will be shown that whilst this is true of some of them it is not true of all, and also that a vein may lie in a fault along part of its course and elsewhere fill a fracture in line with the fault, this being a consequence of rotational movements that took place during faulting. The paper describes the history of faulting at this mine in particular, makes observations on the principal pre-ore fault, and describes the method used in solving the movements on the post-ore faults. Other details of geology are not discussed except to mention here that our main veins lie almost entirely in the syenite porphyry stock except on lower levels close to the east boundary of the property, where the North vein leaves the porphyry to enter the greywacke.

Jan 1, 1940

By Vicki Tschirhart, Bill Morris, McMaster University

A new method for mapping faults within basement rocks underlying the Thelon Formation and glacial overburden was developed and tested in the Aberdeen Sub-basin. This method utilizes newly acquired aeromagnetic data, the Blakely algorithm for defining magnetic source edges, a calculated dip-direction map, a digital elevation model (DEM) derived from the Canadian Digital Elevation Database, and the positions of identified, inferred and newly mapped faults that are within and adjacent to this sub-basin. Combining these data revealed three age groups of faults. One group is seen only on the DEM; these faults are young brittle structures that have no effect on the sub-Thelon basement unconformity, and are not visible on the dip direction map. A second group is evident on the dip direction map but not the DEM; these faults are old basement structures that did not propagate upward through the Thelon Formation. The third group is expressed on both the DEM and dip direction map; these faults are also old structures that propagated upward during and/or after deposition of the Thelon Formation. The latter group of faults may be of greatest interest for uranium exploration, with reactivation increasing their potential to serve as conduits to transport uranium-rich fluids and focus deposition at or near the unconformity surface. This methodology has promise for comprehensive mapping of basin faults and tracking the tectonic development of the whole Thelon Basin through time.

Jan 1, 2013

Data recently released indicate substantial improvement in mineral industry performance for 1984. Business plans to increase plant and equipment spending in 1984 by 14.8 percent, according to a recent survey conducted by the Commerce Department's Bureau of Economic Analysis (table 1). In contrast, capital spending by all industries declined 4.8 percent in 1983 and 2.3 percent in 1982. The latest estimate of planned expenditures for 1984 is $2.2 billion higher than the comparable estimate based on the survey conducted in late January and February 1984.1/ [ ] Of particular significance to the U.S. mineral industries are the 15.5-percent increase in capital spending planned by manufacturing in 1984 and the planned 18.6-percent increase in spending by durable goods manufacturing, where the largest increases are planned in the transportation equipment (26.4 percent) and electrical machinery sectors (23.5 percent). Capital expenditures in manufacturing declined in both 1982 and 1983.

Jan 1, 1984

By H. P. Ehrlinger

The Illinois State Geological Survey added Minerals Processing to its capabilities in 1966. Subsequently, the Minerals Processing Team and several Geologists collectively thought what neither would have thought of separately. The results included a number of projects. discussed here are: 1) The Utilization of the Fines from Kitty Litter as a Bonding Agent for Iron Ore Pellets; 2) Separating Plant Waste from a Commercial Silica Sand Producer into two marketable products, including a closely sized Silica Sand; 3) Marketable Feldspar Sand and Silica Sand from Dune Sands near the Kankakee River; and 4) A Method for Making Metallurgical Grade Fluorspar more desirable as Blast Furnace (Steel) Feed.

Jan 1, 2003

By Daniel Wild, Tobias Scheffer, Marvin Laugwitz, Martin Jochum

Leveling is a standard process in the rolling mill to eliminate flatness deviations. The process layout is based on models and the leveling result depends on the accuracy of the material parameters in these models. Even small deviations from the correct assumptions can have a major effect on the final flatness. Thus, after leveling the products may look optically flat, but subsequent to a final cutting process springback occurs due to residual stresses. The objective of this work is to analyze the influence of material parameters and gravity on the flatness after leveling. To evaluate the sensitivity of the process, an FE parameter study is exerted that reveals the influence of fluctuations in material properties in the case that the leveling setup is fixed. Gravity is neglected to not conceal flatness deviations. Examples of this study are rerun in a further step under consideration of gravity to also analyze its influence on the resulting flatness and residual stresses. Finally, to analyze the consequence of the residual stresses, all information of the plate from the previous step are transferred while gravity is suppressed to prompt springback. This study revealed that slight deviations of the material properties can lead to uneven plates in simulations where gravity is not considered. If gravity is taken into account, the unevenness is concealed and the plate seems flat. A springback simulation of the same plate shows that strong residual stresses are still present and would lead to unevenness if e.g. the plate were cut.

Oct 1, 2019