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By T. J. DeMull

AMAX's Sleeper Mine uses conventional cyanidation milling and heap leaching techniques to produce gold. Since milling operations commenced in March 1986, average ore processing rates have improved from the design rate of 455 tonnes per day to more than 720 tonnes per day. Heap leaching was added to the process facilities in September 1986 at a design rate of 1,500 tonnes per day, and current heap leaching rates exceed 2,680 tonnes per day. Presented are descriptions of the Sleeper processing facilities with emphasis on the crushing and grinding circuits, a review of the selection of crushing and grinding equipment, and a summary of operating performance during the first 16 months of operations.

Jan 1, 1988

The objective of this study was two-fold: 1. To perform a world literature search pertinent to the analysis, selection and design of hoisting systems and their components and to codify the search into a literature compendium. The search resulted in a technical data file of over 1500 hard copy items. The compendium index was also suitable for establishing a comprehensive computer-loaded data base on the subject. 2. To develop a comprehensive system of guidelines to cover salient aspects of analysis, selection and design of electrical, mechanical and structural components of a hoisting system with a view to establish parameters for maximum safety and efficiency of operation, installation and revision of the system. 3. Considerations in the mine shaft layout, design, sinking, outfitting, testing and commissioning are set forth against the background of requirements of applicable parts of Code of Federal Regulations, Title 30.

Jan 1, 1988

By John E. Auten

The computer program "Spike" is an "expert-rule based system" designed to fulfill two requirements. 1) acquaint unfamiliar personnel with big hole drilling techniques and 2) to stimulate the "old hands" in solving drilling problems. "Spike" will not make anyone a drilling expert The best way to understand a computer program is by example, but first some explanation of an? "expert-rule based system", As the name implies, the program tries to imitate a human expert. Unlike a normal computer program which uses a list of instructions to follow in a set order, a rule-base program has a collection of independent rules without an explicit list of things to do, one after the other. This type of program was mandatory to accommodate the ever changing situations and corrective actions that more accurately duplicate actual drilling operations and the advise of an experienced drilling expert.

Jan 1, 1988

By Víctor Cobeña

El presente texto señala algunos conceptos, principios, axiomas en las técncas de voladura para demostrar la validez y vigencia técnica de una buena iniciación. Dicha técnica se basa en que los explosivos iniciados inadecuadamente no entregan su energía completa al cuerpo que los circunda. Para que este explosivo detone, los materiales deben estar confinados, de forma que los constituyentes del explosivo reaccionan violentamente.

Jul 1, 1987

By Luis de Montreul

El conocimiento de los controles mineralógicos, tipos de ocurrencias y otras características mineralógicas de los depósitos auríferos permite plantear una adecuada exploración geológica-minera y seleccionar un óptimo tratamiento metalúrgico. Por ello, se busca establecer la relación entro el oro y determinados minerales metálicos y no metálicos para obtener una mejor recuperación de este elemento valioso. En ese sentido, el presente texto presenta ejemplos de controles mineralógicos en seis yacimientos aurífero de cinco Fajas mineralizadas del Perú.

Jul 1, 1987

By Felipe De Lucio Pezet

El presente trabajo describe el proyecto de renovación en la metalurgia extractiva del cobre donde se buscó mejorar la ley de sus concentrados, específicamente de Cobriza. Asimismo, este permitiría obtener utilidades similares a las que globalmente obtiene el complejo minero-metalúrgico de Cuajon-Toquepala de Ilo. Finalmente, el proyecto permite obtener azufre elemental para satisfacer la demanda interna y exportación.

Jul 1, 1987

By Luis Mercado

El presente texto revisa laas posibilidades, problemas y soluciones respecto del carbón peruano donde se busca mejorar sus posiblidades y desarrollo para el beneficio del país. Así también se revisa la sustitución del petróleo por carbón mineral en la industria siderúrgica, sustitución del petróleo por carbón mineral en la industria del cemento y sustitución en Cementos Lima y Cemento Andino, el uso del carbón mineral en ladrilleras en hornos cerrados.

May 1, 1987

By Arnaldo León

El presente texto señala la problemática de Centromín Perú en el área metalúrgica, dado el potencial que esta ofrece para afrontar la crisis en que se encuentra la minería. Asimismo, se describe las metas, objetivos, proyecto e inversiones que se necesitan desarrollar para que Centromín se establezca como empresa económica

May 1, 1987

By Raúl Hidalgo

El presente texto busca mejorar las condiciones de trabajo, eficiencia, productividad en las áreas de explotación del yacimiento minero San Vicente a través de un programa de planeamiento de minas donde se optimize la perforación y voladura en las rocas sedimentarias. En ese sentido, se realiza un estudio de mecánica de rocas que permita conocer el dimensionamiento de las excavaciones adecuado a la roca y sistema de explotación como punto inicial para la optimización del sistema de perforación y voladura.

May 1, 1987

By Elipio Pérez Coronado

El presente texto señala la optimización del método de corte y relleno ascendente aplicado en la unidad de producción Atacocha y Santa Bárbara. Para ello, se utilizó el método de relleno hidráulico y relleno triturado que descarta el uso de la madera en los tajos y así optimizar la mecanización de la operación. Así también se mejora la ventilación en los tajos y la producción de la mina.

May 1, 1987

By Jorge Vargas Fernández

El presente texto describe el diseño de una política minera como parte de una estrategia de difusión. Para tal efecto, esta se divide en dos parámetros: internacionales y parámetros nacionales. En ese sentido, el marco y referencia internacional es analizado con ayudas de gráficos estadísticos y cuadros que comprende: las fuerzas que actúan en la industria minera, crecimiento de producción minera mundial, relación del crecimiento industrial con el consumo, la comparación entre la producción y consumo de las principales sustancias por zonas, etc. Asimismo, con la finalidad de promover las inversiones en minería, es importante revisar la legislación laboral, de modo que la ley de estabiidad no rija para las empresas mineras que tienen alto riesgo

May 1, 1987

By Don S. McCoy, W. Joseoph Schlitt, Donald B. Swanson

Introduction Contract miners have long played an important role in the minerals industry. Historically, these were individuals who worked as underground miners and were paid by the ton or the day. These hardy types still ply their trade in the industry. However, today the term "contract miner" generally refers to an independent contractor who supplies the people and equipment needed to conduct surface mining operations for an owner or lease holder. At one time or another, contract miners have probably handled virtually every mineral commodity from sand, gravel, and stone quarrying to mining uranium and precious metal ores. In today's market, though, contract mining appears to be concentrated in just a few areas. These include precious metal mines, various types of solid fuel operations, and reclamation of abandoned mines. This article covers market areas, contract mining organizations and services, and their advantages and disadvantages. Gold and silver mines Although exact figures are not available, contract mining represents a significant element in the precious metals segment of US mining. For gold and silver, the growth in contract mining appears to be paralleling the overall growth in mining activity itself. Nevada is the largest gold producer in the US. The latest available data (1985) on open pit gold/ silver mines is summarized in Table 1 (Nevada Division of Mine Inspection, 1986). These figures show that contractors mined nearly half of the ore in 1985. Total tonnage mined, of course, was much higher for both owners and contractors. Assuming an average stripping ratio of 2.5 to 1, the total daily mining rate for the contractors was more than 145 kt (160,000 st). This translates into a contract mining rate of about 36 Mt/a (40 million stpy) based on 250 operating days a year. This approximate 50-50 split between owner and contractor also appears to hold for the future. Metals Economics Group (1987) published a survey of 51 short-range and 54 long-range precious metal projects being considered throughout the US. Contacts with owners, requests for proposals, and past corporate philosophies all suggest that about 55% of the open pit operations scheduled for the near-term will be contract mined. This represents an estimated 26 kt/d (28.5 stpd) of ore. A similar assessment of the long-term projects indicates that about 12 kt/d (13,000 stpd), or just under 50% of the open pit tonnage will be contract mined. There are several reasons why gold and silver represent such an attractive opportunity for contract miners. One is that many properties are owned or leased by individuals or partnerships that are essentially entrepreneurial. Many of these owners or lease holders have minimal mining experience. They must therefore either rely on contract mining organizations, sell an interest in the project to another mining company that will become the operator, or hire an experienced management team. For about the same reason, junior mining companies also represent good prospects for contracting. This is because most junior companies focus on exploration. They would prefer to spend their generally limited funds on drilling programs. Thus, they tend to minimize additional capital requirements by using contract miners or farming out the property to another mining company. Another good reason for using contract miners is the size of the deposit. Many properties are so small that their reserves will not support the capital expenditures

Jan 12, 1987

By E. C. Ekedahl, R. J. Heath

Introduction Potassium, together with nitrogen and phosphorous, is an essential nutrient required for growth. Since all living things need potash, the major demand for potash - about 95% of the total - is as a fertilizer. Agricultural productivity has increased dramatically in recent times. This increase in crop yields requires substantial amounts of added nutrients to keep the soil fertile. It follows then that potash will always be in demand. There is no substitute. Other fertilizers that contain phosphorous (P) and nitrogen (N) are complementary and not competing products. Fireplace ashes (pot-ashes) have a relatively high potassium content. Their value as a fertilizer had been recognized for centuries. But today's potash industry did not begin until deposits of potassium-rich ore were discovered and exploited in Europe during the 19th century. Canadian potash development Potash in Saskatchewan was first recognized in 1943. It was discovered as a byproduct of an oil exploration program. But it was several years later before the existence of a major commercial deposit was acknowledged, and not until 1951 that the first attempt at development occurred. That attempt was unsuccessful. The shaft flooded and was abandoned. It did, however, demonstrate the need for new technology to penetrate the waterlogged Blairmore layer. This was eventually developed and the first mines were brought into production in the early 1960s. Once the technology was available, and the extent and quality of the potash beds became known, a number of companies proceeded to develop mines. By 1970, seven mines were in operation and three more were nearing completion. Combined, total capacity then was 7.6 Mt/a (8.4 mil¬lion stpy) K20. At that time, world potash consumption was about 15 Mt/a (16.5 million stpy). This increase in supply from Canada produced a large potential surplus that shattered the prevailing balance between supply and demand. Although world demand increased steadily throughout the 1960s and early 1970s, it was several years before world supply and demand were again in balance. Saskatchewan capacity has been expanded a number of times. It now stands at 10.7 Mt/a (11.7 million stpy) K20. Actual production has not approached this figure, however. Two new mines in New Brunswick have recently been built with a combined annual capacity of 1.2 Mt (1.3 million st) K20. Total Canadian capacity of about 12 Mt/a (13 million stpy) now amounts to 30% of world capacity. Central offshore marketing organization Canadian Potash Exports Ltd. (Canpotex) was created in 1970 as the offshore marketing organization for Canadian producers. Canpotex is owned by Saskatchewan producers and is their exclusive marketing organization for offshore business. Each company handles its own sales in Canada and the US, but all sales to other markets are handled through and by Canpotex. The Saskatchewan industry has an ore body of a size and consistency unmatched anywhere in the world. Large efficient mines have production costs that compare favorably with other producing countries. On the minus side, Saskatchewan is remote from most major markets. It therefore needs the ef¬ficiencies that stem from one organization that coordinates all offshore shipments and minimizes distribution costs. Agriculture guides potash market In the period following World War II, potash was a classic growth industry. World demand increased each year from 1945 to early 1970s. Since then, demand has been more erratic. Some years show substantial increases, but are followed by significant declines. For about the last decade, the pattern has been unclear and future demand has become correspondingly difficult to predict. North America and Europe together account for about 40% of the world potash consumption. In both areas, farming is characterized by surplus production, declining crop prices, and expensive government support programs. Under those circumstances, farmers respond by minimizing input costs. Fertilizer is one of the items they reduce. Potash is retained in the soil. It is possible to reduce potash application with no immediate deterioration in crop yield. The lower yields occur only when potash levels are depleted. So, farmers can econo-

Jan 12, 1987

By M. E. Gershon

I would like to congratulate Professor Gershon on an idea that is obviously valuable and is certainly new to me. It has, however, to be further developed, in that one can get fallacious results by limiting oneself to positional weights. In the example problem, the positional weight of one block was 8.6 (the 8.0 value in the paper was incorrect) for 36 units in the cone, for a mean block value of 0.239. The positional weight of the second block was 4.4 for 15 units, for a mean block value of 0.293. Surely one would expect the second block to be rated higher. Additionally, the time value of money adjustment cannot be determined by depth, because the time that a block is mined is determined by the mining sequence, not depth. Figure 1 shows a slightly altered version of Professor Gershon’s pit. The overall value of the pit is the same, as are the total values under each of his blocks. The values in the right-hand cone have been reversed top to bottom, and the values in the rest of the pit adjusted to keep the central cone total unchanged. All values have been multiplied by 10. Figure 2 shows the sequence of mining, at three blocks per year, for Professor Gershon’s pit, and Fig. 3, the sequence for a pit under the other block. Table 1 shows the value and discounted value (157. ) of Professor Gershon’s pit, and Table 2 shows similar values for the second pit. It is apparent that the second pit schedule is more valuable than the first.

Jan 12, 1987

By Z. D. Hora, W. N. Hamilton

Introduction Some unique opportunities exist for industrial minerals in British Columbia and Alberta. The region's diversified geology, particularly in British Columbia, offers favorable environments for a rich variety of mineral resources. Many minerals have been produced for years. For some, however, the level of production is far less than the potential. Others have had production in the past, but are not currently produced. Still others are known to exist and may have been actively prospected. But they are not yet developed. In addition, a number of speculative possibilities have recently come to light. The potential significance is not fully confirmed, but is suggested in showings in favorable geologic settings. Location and geography British Columbia and Alberta are the westernmost provinces in Canada (Fig. 1). The region overlaps two major physiographic divisions of the country, the Cordillera and the Interior Plains. It also takes in a small segment of the Canadian Shield on the east. The entire territory is greater than 1.6 Mkm2 (618,000 sq miles). Most of British Columbia lies within the Cordillera, a mountainous belt some 800 km (500 miles) wide. The belt is made up of three main physiographic components, the Eastern, Interior, and Western subdivisions. The Eastern subdivision embraces the rugged, linear ranges of the Rocky Mountains, elevations between 2600 and 3300 m (8530 and 10,800 ft). They form a 100-km (62-mile) wide band straddling the BC-Alberta border and extending northwest across northern British Columbia. The Interior subdivision includes several ancient mountain ranges but is dominated by an intermountane plateau area of low relief (average elevation 1200 m or 3900 ft). The Western subdivision is dominated by the Coast Mountains (elevations between 1800 and 4000 m or 5900 and 13,123 ft). These form a band about 175 km (110 miles) wide into which are sculptured the spectacular fiords of the BC coastline. Alberta lies largely within the Interior Plains, a prairie region of low to moderate relief (elevations between 200 and 1200 m or 650 and 3940 ft) formed of nearly horizontal bedrock strata. The Plains surface rises gradually to the southwest toward the deformed belt of the Rocky Mountains, where the bedrock strata are upturned, folded, and faulted. To the east, the Plains merge with the Canadian Shield, which exposes the Precambrian crystalline basement of western Canada. The total population of the BC-Alberta region is about five million people. Minerals, forestry, and agriculture are the primary industries here. It has well developed infrastructures to service these industries. British Columbia is third among the Canadian provinces in metal mining - $1.1 billion in 1985 - and first in forest products. It is also second in hydro-electric power development. Alberta leads all provinces in total mineral production, largely due to its extensively developed petroleum and natural gas resources - $26.2 billion in 1985.

Jan 12, 1987

By D. W. Scott, D. G. Minnes

Introduction Ontario's diverse industrial mineral resource base includes structural minerals such as sand and gravel, crushed stone, building stone, clay, shale, limestone, and dolostone. These resources are used to produce aggregates, brick, metallurgical stone, fillers, cement, lime, and other construction materials. The majority of the operations are in deposits of Palezoic and Quaternary age in southern Ontario, close to the major markets. Province-wide, there were more than 140 Mt (154 million st) of aggregates produced in 1985. About 115 Mt (128 million st) of that was produced in southern Ontario with the rest being largely from Crown land in northern Ontario. Structural industrial minerals account for more than 80% of the value of total industrial mineral production. The remaining 20% is accounted for by the nonstructural minerals, such as salt, which is produced in the southwestern part of the province. A host of other nonstructural industrial minerals are known. Production, though, is currently restricted to calcite, gypsum, quartz, talc, nepheline syenite, and byproduct metallurgical sulfur products (Fig. 1). Major production is close to the large markets of urbanized southern Ontario and the northeastern and northcentral US. With an abundant variety of industrial mineral resources and the large population within 650 km (400 miles) of most deposits, the market offers great potential. Ontario's nine million people accounted for about 35% of Canada's entire $476.3 billion gross domestic product in 1985. This equates to about one-third of the nation's buying power being within a 200-km (125-mile) radius of Toronto. This major concentration of industrial and economic activity has resulted in a well-developed industrial minerals industry that fulfills most of the structural industrial minerals demand in Ontario. Nonstructural industrial minerals are similarly well placed to compete in this high demand area. Although Ontario manufacturers still import some of these materials, Ontario products are achieving significant market share. And, they serve the needs of neighboring provinces and states. Present production and trends Ontario has traditionally produced significant amounts of industrial minerals. This produc¬tion had a value of $956 million in 1984 (Table 1). Structural materials production in 1985 and 1986 approached or exceeded levels not seen since the early 1970s. Many new products have been developed using these raw materials. The industry is becoming concentrated in the hands of several large companies, mainly four large cement com-

Jan 12, 1987

By James L. Weeks

Introduction This paper attempts to summarize some of the major criticisms of drug testing. Eight problems with drug testing are discussed. These are: • It does not measure something employers have a reasonable need to know, • It is a distortion of priorities, • Drug use is not known to be associated with increased risk of occupational injuries, • Drug testing is proposed as a dangerously simplistic solution to poorly conceived problems, • In the absence of safeguards, it is unacceptably inaccurate, • In the absence of treatment commitments and confidentiality protection for persons dependent on drugs, it is an unethical practice of medicine, • Drug testing is an invasion of privacy, and • It will have a negative effect on treatment of persons with drug or alcohol dependencies. Employers' need to know It does not measure something employers have a reasonable need to know. It is reasonable for employers and fellow workers to want to know if workers are functionally impaired (intoxicated) while on the job. Drug testing does not measure impairment. It measures the concentration of drug metabolities in urine or blood. Unlike measurements of blood alcohol concentration (BAC), drug metabolites are not correlated with impairment or intoxication. They indicate only drug use in the one to two weeks before a urine sample. And, in some instances, they indicate chronic use. Impairment caused by drug use, on the other hand, occurs immediately and declines rapidly within hours. Drug metabolites may linger for days afterwards. Drug metabolite concentrations in urine are a function of (Morgan, 1984; Schartz and Hawks, 1985; MMWR, 1983): • the amount and purity of drug consumed before taking the test, • when the drug was consumed, • whether the person was a chronic user, in which case a certain amount of drug metabolites would be stored in body fat and slowly released, • the person's metabolic rate, and • for metabolites in urine, any dilution effects of urine. Only the first two factors has

Jan 11, 1987

By Jim Wilcox

Introduction In 1979, rumors of a developing drug problem within IMC Fertilizer's Carlsbad, NM workforce began to surface. For the next two years, a management team contacted local, state, and federal regulatory agencies that had the potential resources to help combat this apparently escalating problem. These contacts included the local police department, the county sheriff's office, the federal Drug Enforcement Administration, and the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA). IMC approached each agency with two proposals. The first required the agency provide an undercover agent for placement in the company's underground facilities. The alternative required the company to provide the agent with the participating agency lending necessary legal expertise and guidance to accumulate the necessary data. MSHA regulations prohibit intoxicating beverages and narcotics on mining property. They also forbid persons under the influence of alcohol or narcotics from working in or around mines. The agency could not, however, help with this problem. The remaining agencies were sympathetic, but were unwilling to assist in implementing either program, citing legal implications. Without exception, these agencies not only refused to provide help, they discouraged any type of undercover operation, searches, drug screenings, or using dogs trained in narcotics detection. As law enforcement officials, they reasoned that any such program constitutes potential civil rights violations. An attorney advised IMC that it was not required to adhere to the same guidelines as law enforcement and regulatory agencies. It was his legal opinion that the company could conduct an undercover operation. But he recommended finding a private firm that specialized in this type of investigation. An experienced firm should have the expertise to conduct the operation and avoid the legal pitfalls that could be encountered. The management team agreed with the attorney and elected to hire a private firm. After extensive research and evaluation, three reputable companies were contacted, advised of the needs, and asked to submit a proposal. Their initial response was enthusiastic. None, however, submitted a proposal. Each was unable to locate a qualified agent willing to work in an underground environment. Privacy and civil rights At this point, it was apparent that an undercover operation was not feasible due to the lack of inhouse expertise and the lack of outside assistance. After more research, it was concluded that the only viable options left were the ones that the law enforcement community had earlier discouraged. These options included locker and personal searches, use of dogs trained in narcotics detection, and drug screening or testing. The management team evaluated the pros and cons of locker and personal searches. They concluded that if conducted properly, this approach could eliminate the problems. The potential legal liabilities, however, appeared to be tremendous. Strict guidelines would have to be adhered to in order to avoid invasion of privacy and civil rights violations. This meant announcing locker searches before conducting them and obtaining written permission from an individual before searching his person. Although the group was reluctant to lose yet another option, it was concluded that conducting searches under these conditions would be ineffective. It would also convey the message to the workforce that the substance abusers had the upper hand. This author was extremely critical of this legal opinion at the time. I have since concluded that the attorney was correct. This occurred in mid-1982. Court decisions of that era indicated the legal and political climate was sensitive to these issues. These activities would probably have been prohibited even if they were

Jan 11, 1987

By Suzanne Smith, Frank C. Fantauzzo

Introduction America's workforce is the heart of the nation's economy. The health of its members is a matter of national priority. Statistics show that the most common cause of job difficulties is excess use of alcohol or other drugs. Up to 75% of these troubled employees can be returned to productive careers at little expense and with great benefit to their industries. Of the 1.5 million private corporations in the US, only about 500 have alcohol treatment programs. Even fewer have drug abuse programs. It is time that the myths and prejudices surrounding alcohol and drug abuse are dispelled and help is offered. Corporations and labor unions are now finding that programs to treat these diseases benefit both the employees and the industry. The employee derives health and job security. The company sees increased productivity and decreased costs in sick pay and absenteeism. Unfortunately, three-fourths of the nation's 90.5 million workers are employed in establishments of fewer than 500 employees. In these settings, it is unlikely that either management or the unions will take the initiative in developing programs. Alcohol alone affects the health and productivity of nearly 8% of any workforce. This translates to more than 5 million employees in small business. These workers present an opportunity and a challenge. Alcohol abuse costs the nation nearly $116 billion annually. Seventy billion dollars is attributed to lost production. Medical expenditures related to alcohol are estimated to be nearly $13 billion. The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) estimates the cost of substance abuse to industry to be in excess of $4 billion a year. In addition to its economic impact, substance abuse has serious personal and social consequences. The mining industry experiences the same exposure as other industries to alcohol, drug abuse, and other employee problems. However, the existence of these problems poses special hazards because of the unique conditions found in mining. Mining has many safety and health hazards. Employees must have full control of their faculties and give full attention to the tasks at hand. Designing employee assistance programs An Employee Assistance Program is a cost-effective, confidential, early intervention system. It is designed to help employees

Jan 11, 1987

The Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) academy in Beckley, WV, received enquiries from various segments of the mining industry concerning alcohol and substance abuse in the mining industry. The MSHA Director formed a committee, the Mining Industry Committee on Substance Abuse (MICSA), to deal with these enquiries. The committee met in April 1985 at the mining academy in Beckley. The MICSA committee expanded its membership to represent labor, management, and government agencies affiliated with the mining industry as well as government agencies dealing with alcohol and drug abuse. This expanded 18-member committee met for the first time in July 1985. At that time, two cochairmen were elected, one from labor and one from management. MICSA has spent time on education by sharing information on the issues and by calling in outside experts for advice and consultation. The committee also initiated several projects. These include a resource manual on substance abuse and employee assistance programs. Mine operators and labor unions can use these programs as guides. MICSA is also assembling statistics on substance abuse, particularly as applied to mining. And the committee commissioned an Education film, Substance Abuse, Is It Our Problem? (The results of a survey on drug use, given in Table 1, suggest that substance abuse may indeed be a problem.) The educational film, produced by MSHA, is an introduction to the problem of substance abuse in the mining environment. The film encourages mine operators, labor unions, and miners to analyze their individual circumstances to determine whether a problem exists. The film also offers ways to deal with the problem. And the film invites the mining industry to request additional information from MICSA. There is no single approach to substance abuse that will fit the need of every mining operation. As with any health, safety, or production problem, remedies must be site specific. MICSA's aim is to channel ideas to those who seek to help employees in a mining environment who seek to rid themselves of alcohol and substance abuse. As stated more formally: The Mining Industry Committee on Substance Abuse represents the efforts of labor, management, and government. The mission of the committee is to make the mining industry aware of the problems resulting from alcohol and other drug abuse and to recommend possible methods to remedy the problem. The function of the committee is to assist the industry in developing programs and resources to recognize and provide help for troubled employees, and thus reduce the risk of accidents, while lower absenteeism and increasing productivity.

Jan 11, 1987