Search Documents

By E. H. Dix

All commercial aluminum contains small percentages of copper, iron, and silicon as unavoidable impurities. The purest metal obtainable commercially, special grade high purity ingot, contains a maximum of 0.50 per cent. impurities of which the usual minimum amount of copper is 0.01 per cent.; silicon, 0.12 per cent.; and iron, 0.20 per cent. This grade is too costly for most purposes. The two standard grades, Nos. 1 and 2, containing a minimum of 99.0 and 98.0 per cent. aluminum, respectively, are more generally used. Other grades of secondary aluminum often contain as high as 3 or 4 per cent. of impurities, which include 1 per cent., or more, of zinc. Specifications for high-grade aluminum-casting alloys generally allow a maximum of 1.7 per cent. for total impurities. The S. A. E. Specification No. 33, which is intended to cover alloys made from secondary aluminum ingot, gives the iron maximum as 1.5 per cent. and the maximum for silicon (including manganese and tin) as 0.75 per cent. The effect of even relatively small amounts of impurities on the physical properties of ingot aluminum is shown by the following cornparison of two lots of aluminum, which may be taken as representative of special grade and grade No. 2 ingot, respectively. AnalysEs Special Grade, Gbade No. 2, Per Cent. PeR CBnt. Copper................................. 0.01 0.32 Silicon................................. 0.12 0.32 Iron................................... 0.42 0.82 Aluminum.............................. 99.45 98.54

Jan 1, 1923

WHERE "MINING AND METALLURGY" OR THE TRANSACTIONS MAY BE CONSULTED For the convenience of members Who may be traveling from place to place, the Secretary has compiled a list of libraries or other places in the United States ant foreign countries where MINING AND METALLURGY or the Transactions may be con suited , This list will be sent to members if they so request

Jan 1, 1923

YEAR OF ELECTION 1913 FRANK DAWSON ADAMS Montreal, Canada 1921 WILLIAM CUTHBERT BLACKETT Sacnston, Durham, England 1920 HENRY STURGIS DRINKER Merlon Station, Pa 1921 FERDINAND FOCH Paris, France 1922 FEDERICO GIOLITTI Torino, Ttaly 1888 HATON DE LA GOUPILLIERE Paris, France 1906 SIR ROBERT A HADFIELD London, England 1921 FRANK WILLIAM HARBORD London, England 1921 HEINRICH O HOFMAN Cambridge, Mass 1917 HERBERT HOOVER Stanford University, Cal 1919 ROBERT W HUNT Chicago, ILL 1915 JAMES' FURMAN KEMP New York, N Y 1905 HENRI LECHATELIER Paris, France 1921 C MCDERMID London, England 1913 EZEQUIEL ORDONEZ Mexico City, Mexico 1909 ALEXANDRE POURCEL Paris, France 1911 ROBERT H RICHARDS Boston, Mass 1906 JOHN E STEAD Middlesbrough, England 1907 CHARLES D WALCOTT Washington, D C

Jan 1, 1923

Societies, Boards, Etc , on Which Institute Has Representation United Engineering Society WILLIAM L SAUNDERS, President GEORGE H PEGRAM, 1st Vice-president ALFRED D FLINN, Secretary J V W REYNDERS, 2d Vice-president JACOB S LANGTHORN, Treasurer HENRY A LARDNER, Assistant Treasurer Finance Committee GEORGE H PEGRAM Chairman J VIPOND DAVIES BANCROFT GHERARDI W F M GOSS WILLIAM L SAUNDERS, ex-officio House Committee ALFRED D FLINN, Chairman FREDERICK F SHARPLESS' GEORGE T SEABURYO F L HUTCHINSON CALVIN W RICE

Jan 1, 1923

By B. Woyski

Many writers, in discussing defects caused by oxidation and gassing of bronzes and red brasses advocate substantially the same cure for both. But from its nature, oxidation cannot take place if there is an excess of fuel in the furnace, while the gases absorbed by some alloys are products of incomplete combustion of the fuel. Hence the metal can be either oxidized or gassed, but it is doubtful whether these actions can take place simultaneously. Oxidation can be easily overcome by the use of deosidizers or it may be avoided by protecting the molten metal with suitable fluxes. Absorption of gascs is more difficult to overcome: the regulation of the air and fuel, so as to produce complete combustion, and the protection of the bath by mineral fluxes arc the most important factors. Gas expulsion, resulting in gas holes, porosity, unsoundness, and swollen or cauliflower-headed risers, is said to have several causes. One writer1 lists the most common causes in the order of their importance, as follows: Superheated metal, dirty or slaggy furnace conditions, using metals low in quality or those previously subjected to bad melting practice, poor grade of fuel, use of newly lined or damp ladles, indiscriminate mixing of scrap or illogical combinations of metal. Superheating the metal usually occurs when the heat is ready to be poured but for some reason must be held in the furnace. In this case, a careful furnace tender tries to avoid overheating the metal by keeping a mild fire; that is, a reducing fire which, unfortunately, results in gassing the metal. A dirty, slaggy furnace may result in gassing the metal by retarding the heating and prolonging the time necessary to bring the metal to the proper temperature, thereby increasing the chances of gassing in uncertain furnace atmosphere. It is doubtful whether rnetals of low quality have anything to do with gassing molten metal, except, possibly in the case of metals containing

Jan 1, 1923

By Robert Davis Longyear

In diamond-drill work, a true sample consists of all the material cut by the bit—both core and cuttings. As the recovery of this sample is the object of diamond drilling, the utmost care should be taken to secure it. Speed of drilling and low costs are of little value if an inaccurate sample is obtained. The engineer in charge must study his material and lay out the plan of sampling, and then see that the drill runner follows his instructions; for the runner may be more interested in obtaining a large footage than in developing accurate methods of sampling. When the core has been removed from the core barrel, it should be placed in a core box in the exact order in which it is taken from the ground. This box, Fig. 1, is usually a shallow tray 4 or 5 ft. (1.2 or 1.5 m.) long, with partitions running lengthwise between which the core

Jan 1, 1923

THIS paper is not intended to be more than a mere outline of the economic geology of Tasmania. It is desired to present in a condensed form the present state of our knowledge in regard to the distribution of the ore, coal, and oil-shale deposits of Tasmania in time and space.Tasmania is exceptionally well endowed with mineral wealth, particularly in the north-western and western districts. In the enthusiasm resulting from the first discoveries of mineral deposits at a great number of localities in those districts, it became a generally accepted belief that the whole of that portion of Tasmania constituted a continuous metalliferous province. As geological research in these, areas has progressed, however, it has become increasingly clear that ore-deposition has been confined on an economic scale to definite well-defined areas or belts which have a genetic relationship to certain tectonic and petrologic phases of the general geology. These areas or belts have recently been defined by the writer, and...

Jan 1, 1923

By Edward Schuster, Frank Feuille

As the time allotted is short, we can present only a general idea of the oil laws in the Latin-American republics, as a supplement to Bulletin 206 of the Department of the Interior compiled under the direction of J. W. Thompson of the Bureau of Mines and entitled "Petroleum Laws of All America." We shall not discuss the European colonies in Latin-America nor the island republics. As to the countries discussed, we shall attempt to give the main features of such special petroleum legislation as has been adopted prior to the early part of this year; where no special petroleum laws exist, we must look to the mining codes for light on the petroleum policy. As the laws and regulations for the extraction of the metals are often difficult of application to, and are lacking in many essentials for, the petroleum industry, it is best for persons or companies desiring to enter, on a large scale, into the petroleum exploration and development of countries not having special petroleum legislation, to obtain a concession contract from the executive of the country under consideration, and to have the concession approved by the congress. If this concession, which would then be a special law, contains nothing contrary to the constitution of that country and does not infringe on vested rights of third parties, it should be reasonably safe. If in such country there is some doubt as to whether the petroleum subsoil is owned by the nation or the private surface owner, only public lands should be covered with the concession. Guatemala is the only republic in the group that discriminates directly against foreigners. Bolivia, Ecuador, Mexico and Venezuela require waivers of diplomatic protection.' Colombia requires foreigners to agree to be bound by its alien law. In addition,Mexico makes it unlawful for foreigners to acquire direct ownership of real estate, including mines, within a zone of 50 km. along the coasts and one of 100 km. alongitsland

Jan 1, 1923

THE object of this note is to set forth some particulars of the effect of light on cinnabar occurring in a deposit of this mineral at Puhipubi, in the North Auckland peninsula of New Zealand. This deposit is contained within a gently-inclined sheet of siliceous sinter forminga hillock called Mount Mitchell, and is particularly notable in that it is an instance of the simultaneous deposition of cinnabar and silica on a large scale. The mercury-bearing material varies in character from semi-porous sinter to dense translucent cbalcedony, of which the former is stained to various shades of pink, the latter to brilliant reds and vermilion. On exposure to daylight-and particularly to sunlight - these colours change to corresponding shades of translucent bluish-grey. As a direct result of this change the Mount Mitchell deposit remained unknown until some ten years ago, for, while prospectors early discovered cinnabar in the adjacent city and in a neighbouring stream bed, none of them recognized this mineral in the bluish chalcedony strewing portions of the surface of the Mount. The writer has carried out a series of experiments designed to indicate the cause and nature of this change, and to form a basis for the elaboration of more delicate experiments which would yield positive information. Circumstances, however, have so far combined to prevent the continuation of the research, and, as there seems little prospect of the writer being able to do more work on the subject, it seems well to publish the data so far obtained. Prior to describing this colour change, the writer would point out the desirability of restricting the meaning of the term cinnabar to the naturally occurring red sulphide of mercury; this would eliminate the ambiguities which arise from its indiscriminate application, in chemical literature, to both natural and artificial sulphides. Further the term cinnabarite having long since fallen into disuse, there appears to be no good reason for retaining the companionterm "metacinnabarite" when reduction to "metacinnabar" would preserve the meaning in a less clumsy word.

Jan 1, 1923

The Honor Roll includes the names of all members of the Institute whom we know to be on active military duty at the date of its compilation, February 7, 1918. We are aware that there are many others of whose activities we have not been informed, and we shall be grateful for information as to any such omissions from the Roll. 1. MEMBERS ON ACTIVE MILITARY SERVICE Mail addressed to members on the first division of the Roll and sent to the office of the Institute Will be forwarded according to the best of our knowledge at the time. AARONS, J. BOYD, Capt., 4th Reinforcements, 11th Infantry, Australian Imperial Force. '05 ADAMS, HENRY, Capt Asst. to Dept. Engr., Northeastern Department. '02 AGNEW, FRANK VANS '04 ARBE, FREDERICK R., Capt 33d Engineers. '97 ALDER, ALFRED Engineers' Reserve Corps. '17 ALFORD, NEWELL G., Sgt., Bureau of War Risk Insurance, Headquarters 84th Division. '14 ALLEN, HEMAN H., Private Co. D., 8th Reserve Engineers. '17 AMBLER, HARRY A., Lieut 30th Infantry. '16 ANDERSON, ALEXANDER, Lieut Royal Garrison Artillery. '07 ANDERSON, GEORGE K., JR., See. C, 1st Co., 3d Officers' Training Camp. '17 ANDREWS, CLARENCE W., 1st Infantry Co., Officers' Training Camp, 83d Division. '13

Jan 1, 1923

By S. P. Howell, F. B. Foley

Not infrequently, in the case of the failure of a metal structure, such as a bridge, tank, airplane, gun carriage, etc., a doubt arises whether the failure was due, among other causes, to the effect of an overburden or of an explosive maliciously or accidentally exploded in contact with it. As few means of discriminating between the effects of these causes have been known and these means were of a rough qualitative character, it was surprising to find in the record of an inquiry into the failure of a structure, the statement that, by observations on the Neumann bands in the structure, it was possible to determine the speed of breakage in the metal and to distinguish between a fracture caused by an explosion and one caused by an ordinary mechanical strain. Such a criterion, if well proved, was of value to the explosives experts of the Bureau of Minea, the Ordnance Department of the United States Army and the Bureau of Ordnance of the United States Navy, but search showed no record of it in the literature nor did any of the metallurgists and metallographers consulted know of any data on which such a criterion could be based having been assembled and critically studied. However, it was universally held that there was promise in the idea and that there exkted unique facilities at the Bureau of Mines Experiment Station at Pittsburgh for the preparation, under definitely known conditions, of material for study by metallographers, and that material of value might also be obtained from the proving grounds of the Army and Navy. Therefore, with the approval of the Director of the Bureau of Minea and the Chiefs of Ordnance of the War and Navy Departments, the Chairman of the Division of Engineering of the National Research Council, on April 12, 1919, appointed a Committee on the Investigation of Neumann Bands, which has since been engaged in this study and which, after some slight change in its personnel, consists now of the following: Dr. William Campbell, Advisory Metallurgist, Bureau of Ordnance, Navy Department. P. B. Foley, Metallurgist, Bureau of Mines. S. P. Howell, Explosives Engineer, Bureau of Mines. Comdr. 0. M. Hustvedt, U. S. N., Bureau of Ordnance, Navy Department. Dr. Charles E. Munroe, Chief Explosives Chemist, Bureau of Mines.

Jan 1, 1923

By Charles E. Stuart

A paper on this subject can cover but a limited range. A thorough visualization of the subject would contemplate a comparative analysis of haulage machines and batteries of various types; the relationship of the storage-battery locomotive to other types of mine haulage should be considered and limiting factors in each case should be carefully developed. This paper will deal briefly with these factors. So far as the writer has been able to determine, the first storage-battery locomotives for mine haulage were manufactured in 1897 or 1898 and were tried out in the Pocahontas coal field, but they were not sufficiently satisfactory to justify their continued use. Battery explosions were frequent and caused serious damage to the wiring, electrical equipment, and the clothing and bodies of the motormen. Sulfuric acid was used as the electrolyte. Experiments were then conducted with locomotives bearing reels of flexible cable through which connection between the motors of the locomotive and the trolley wire was maintained. At first, these reels were turned by hand. Later, the reels were revolved by contact with the wheels of the locomotive, being raised out of contact with the wheels, by a lever, when necessary. About 1902, the plan of operating the reel, by chain and sprocket wheels, from one of the locomotive axles, as is still the practice, was devised. The popular floating motor-driven reel had its inception in the Pocahontas fields prior to 1906. The maximum radius of operation of the reel-type locomotive is about 500 ft. (150 m.) from point of connection with trolley wire. This is ample for room work and certain entry work, but the need for a machine that would operate entirely independently of the trolley wire was so great that, with the development of the storage battery, renewed efforts were made to manufacture a successful storage-battery locomotive. About 1908, the gasoline locomotive was introduced. In spite of many objections to this type of machine for such work, the fact that hundreds of these machines were purchased was proof of the need for a machine operating independently of the trolley.

Jan 1, 1923

FEBRUARY 26TH. MORNING SESSION: The sixteenth regular meeting of the Rocky Mountain Coal Mining Institute was called to order in one of the private dining rooms of the Albany Hotel, Monday morning, at 11 o'clock, with the President, F. W. Whiteside, in the chair, one hundred and one members being registered. The minutes of the previous meeting were read and approved. The Treasurer reported the finances of the Institute in excellent shape. The President appointed J. B. Marks, J. S. Veach and W. A. Ream as a Resolution Committee, and Frank A. Young, M. B. Urquhart and G. A. Murphy a Nominating Committee. There being no further business the meeting adjourned. AFTERNOON SESSION: The afternoon session was called to order in the Ball Room of the Albany Hotel, with approximately one hundred members present, President Whiteside presiding. A. L. Jones read his paper entitled, "The Power Problem of the Coal Mine," and C. E. Drennan, his paper, "Why Alternating Current." These papers were thoroughly discussed, after which the meeting adjourned. EVENING SESSION: At 6:45 p. m. two hundred and fifty-three members and invited guests met in the Ball Room of the Albany Hotel for the banquet. Harry F. Nash was toastmaster, and George Sanford Holmes the principal speaker. Following Mr. Holmes speech, H. N. Wheeler delivered his humorous oration of the "Annexation of Cuba;" following this certain members of the Institute gave an entertainment depicting a fictitious meeting of the United States Coal Commission. Chester Mott, formerly a member of the Institute wrote the words and songs of the entertainment, and directed it. After the show the assembly enjoyed a dance.

Jan 1, 1923

By Marshall K. I

THE problem of satisfactorily eliminating the fumes and dust which are unavoidably produced in various metallurgical and manufacturing industries is one which has received considerable attention in the past, and has been the subject of much investigation and research. The solution of this problem was urgently desired for two reasons, the principal one being the fact that a considerable percentage of the total process losses in many industries was represented by the commercial values of the fumes and dust that escaped from the stack.The other reason is that, in some instances, the emission of the matter is regarded as objectionable. Various methods have been designed with a view to solving the problem thus presented, and the latest development that has beendesigned is the process of electrostatic precipitation. Continued investigational and developmental work with this process has already demonstrated its applicability to many industries, and new uses to which the process can be put are being opened up. Its use is already widespread, and the economic success that has attended its application in most instances would indicate that its use will become more general in the future.It has proved its ability to treat gases over wide ranges of temperature, and has successfully handled various types of fumes whose chemical characteristics differ very considerably. In many processes it has now come to be regarded as standard equipment.HISTORY OF ELECTRICAL PRECIPITATIONThe first recorded observations on the influence of an electrified insulated wire on gases containing solid particles in suspension was made as early as 1824 by Hohlfeld, in Leipzig. He found that, if he electrified a wire hung in a bottle filled with smoke, the smoke cleared rapidly, and a deposit formed on the sides and bottom of the bottle.

Jan 1, 1923

By S. P. Kinney

Sulfur has been one of the most troublesome elements encountered since the earliest days of iron smelting, and this problem will become of increasing importance as the higher sulfur coke is used, because of the rapidly diminishing supply of low-sulfur coals suitable for the manufacture of metallurgical coke. The deleterious effect of sulfur in iron and steel is well known; therefore, except in special cases, it is desirable to make the iron produced by the blast furnace as low in sulfur as possible. Sulfur enters the furnace in all of the raw materials, but principally in the coke. It comes out of the blast furnace distributed between the iron and the slag; very little passes out of the furnace with the gases. The mechanism of the reactions that cause the sulfur of the coke to pass into the slag and iron has not been studied to any great extent, although the character of the end products, and the conditions controlling the distribution of the sulfur between the iron and slag, are fairly well known. In the iron, the sulfur occurs as ferrous sulfide; or manganese sulfide in case of iron high in manganese. In the slag, the sulfur is present mostly as calcium sulfide. The presence of free sulfur1 and sulfates in blast-furnace slags is to be accounted for on the basis of oxidation of the calcium sulfide after the slag is tapped. The generally accepted reaction for the relation between the ferrous sulfide in the iron and in the coke, and the calcium sulfide in the slag, is that given by Howe? FeS + CaO + CDFe + CaS + CO

Jan 1, 1923

By Edgar C. Bain

Of the important phenomenon of the hardening of steel, Professor Sauveurl says: It would seem as if the methods used to date for the elucidation of this complex problem have yielded all they are capable of yielding and that further straining of these methods will only serve to confuse the issue, the point having been reached when this juggling, no matter how skilfully done, with allotropy, solid solutions, and strains is causing weariness without advancing the solution of the problem. The tendency of late has been to abandon the safer road of experimental facts and to enter the maze of excessive speculations, in which there is great danger of some becoming hopelessly lost. The conclusion seems warranted that new avenues of approach must be found if we are to obtain a correct answer to this apparent enigma. With some degree of fitness we may say this of other problems. It seems likely that one of the new avenues of approach to many metallo-graphic problems is the study of crystal structure, or more accurately, the atomic arrangement, by means of the x-ray spectrometer. The crystal structure of some materials has been carefully worked out by the mineralogist, but his methods are, in general, unsuited to commercial metals and a method that yields even better information is at hand as the result of work on the diffraction of x-rays by Laue and the Braggs2 and later by HullI3 St. John, and others. It should be understood that the contour of free crystals, which is the subject of measurements by the crystallographer, is the result of the atomic structure and, in general, bears a simple and obvious relation to it. The use of the x-ray spectrometer4 has been described frequently, so the procedure will not be given here.

Jan 1, 1923

By R. Moldenke

The presence of nickel-chromium in pig iron made fro111 Cuban oles is so well known that the word "Mayari" is unconsciously associated with it. Since 1904, when exploration of the Mayari deposits of iron ore in northeastern Cuba was undertaken, there llas been increasing interest in these ores. Tlie Transactions contain numerous references to t1ieln.l This iron ore, which is shipped to the Tinited States in the nodulizecl state, has been thoroughly tested and found very valuable; the deposit covers over 25,000 acres and there is in sight over 500,000,000 tons of ore that, by systematic mining, runs practically constant in composition. With nickel and chromium present, also titanium in sufficient quantities to attract attention, as well as extremely low phosphorus and sulfur contents, the iron founder is naturally interested in the utilization of RInpari ore for pig iron for the better grades of finishrtl iron products. The present point of coilsn~iil)tion ol ILlapri ore is at Sparrow's Poi111, where hlayari pig iron of ally desiretl coml>osition is made. The composition of the dried ore is about as follows: Iron -29 per cent., silica 3 pc.r cent., nickel 1 per cciit., chroiniun~ 1.5 per cent., alumina 11 per cent., ant1 coinbined water 13 per cent. When nodulized, the iron runs up to nearly 56 per cent., the silic:~, :tlumi~i:i, nickel, and c~llromiurn are slightly highr than the arno~l~its just given. Practically all the, combined wntcr is driven off aild the iiodulizccl ore carries only a few- tenths per cent. of 1 C. M. Weld: Residual Rrolvn Iron Ores of Cuba. Tmns, (1909) 40, 299. C. K. Leitll nnd If'. J. Mcncl: Origin of Iron Ores of Central and Northeostr~n rlbn. Trans (1911) 42, 00. C. W. Hayes: May:~ri and Mos Iron-ore Deposits in Cuba. Idem, 109. J. E. Little: Maynri lron Mincs, as Developed by the Spanish-American Iron ('0. Idem, 152. J. F. Iie~np: M'ryari Iron-ore Dcposi(s. Trans. (1915) 61, 3. C. K. Leith 2nd N. J. Mead: Additional Data on Origin of Lateritic Iron 01cs or Eastern Cubn. Tmns. (1916) 63, 75.

Jan 1, 1923

By R. E. Bedworth, N. B. Pilling

The corrosion of metals is one problem on which time and thought have been expended for many years. In the effort to avert the destructive action of a hostile environment, attention has been directed almost entirely to the conditions under which most metallic structures are called upon to perform, and the extensive and complicated phenomena attending the corrosive action of atmospheric agencies, acting at the ordinary atmospheric temperatures, have been studied, but there is unanimity of opinion regarding many fundamental facts. One neglected phase is the corrosive action of various gases upon metals exposed to temperatures considerably higher than the atmospheric range, and more especially the attack of atmospheric oxygen upon exposed metallic surfaces. That the problem is difficult is connoted by the practical dominance of industrial electric heating by alloys of one type (nickel-chromium). Proprietary interest may account, in part, for the paucity of information available upon even the most general factors determining the behavior of metals and alloys when exposed to such exacting conditions. The present paper gives some conclusions reached as the result of experimental work, extending over several years, on the mechanism and contributory factors of the high-temperature oxidation of a number of simple unalloyed metals; it is free from experimental detail and proof. High-temperature metallic oxidation may be considered as a phase of metallic corrosion. The scheme outlined below, in which corrosive agent and environment are the principal criteria, is one way of analyzing the several groups of corrosion phenomena. Erosion.—Disintegrating or destructive action by physical causes. Corrosion.—Disintegrating or destructive action by chemical causes. Low-temperature Corrosion.—Solid participating phases essentially immobile: (a) Gaseous agent; (b) liquid agent: action electrolytic and action non-electrolytic. High-temperature Corrosion.—Solid participating phases possess diffusive mobility: (a) Liquid agent; (b) gaseous agent: reducing gases, oxidizing gases. (1) Water; (2) miscellaneous elemental and combined oxygen.

Jan 1, 1923

Charles Mather MacNeill, President of the Utah Copper CO. and of the Chino Copper Co., and a life member of the Institute since 1899, died at his home in New York on March 17, after a very brief illness with pneumonia. Mr. MacNeill was born at Oak Park, Ill., in 1871, and began his connection with mining enterprises immediately after graduating from high school, his first position being that of cashier with the Pueblo Smelting and Refining Co. He later went to Aspen, Colo., as manager of the Holden lixiviation plant. In 1893, he went to Cripple Creek as manager of the Lawrence Reduction Works, in which Mr. Holden and the late Capt. J. R. DeLamar were large owners. It was at this plant that Mr. Jackling became associated with him. The plant was destroyed by fire and, early in 1894, Mr. MacNeill became associated with Messrs. Spencer Penrose and Charles L. Tutt in a plan to finance and erect a chlorination plant at Colorado City, Colo., for the treatment of Cripple Creek ores. This plant was erected and was known as the Colorado-Philadelphia Reduction Works. Mr. MacNeill was general manager of the plant, Mr. Tutt having been president and Mr. Penrose, secretary and treasurer. The plant was very successful and was expanded, hally being reorganized under the name of the United States Reduction & Refining Company. Late in 1903, or very early in 1904, D. C. Jackling called the attention of Messrs. MacNeill and Penrose to the copper properties in Bingham Cañon, Utah, which have since become the main properties of the Utah Copper Co. After extended examinations and milling tests, these properties were bought, Mr. MacNeill becoming president of the Utah Copper Co., Mr. Penrose, secretary-treasurer, and Mr. Jackling, general manager. Mr. MacNeill remained president of the company to the time of his death. Mr. MacNeill was also a director, a member of the executive committee, and was largely interested in the Ray Consolidated Copper Co.; he was also president and a member of the executive committee of the Chino Copper Co. He had a variety of other mining interests, but the ones mentioned were distinctly the meost important. He was a director

Jan 1, 1923

LIST OF THE MEETINGS OF THE INSTITUTE AND THEIR LOCALITIES FROM ITS ORGANIZATION Transactions Number Place Date Vol Page 1 Wilkes-Barre, Pa May, ?71 1 3 2 Bethlehem, Pa August, ?71 1 10 3 Troy, N Y November, ?71 1 13 4 Philadelphia, Pa February, ?72 1 17 5 New York, N Y May, ?72 1 20 6 Pittsburg, Pa October, ?72 1 25 7 Boston, Mass February, ?73 1 28 8 Philadelphia, Pa May, ?73 2 3 9 Easton, Pa October, ?73 2 7 10 New York, N Y February, ?74 211 11 St Louis, Mo May, ?74 3 3 12 Hazleton, Pa October, ?74 3 8 13 New Haven, Conn February, ?75 3 15 14 Dover, N J May, ?75 4 3 15 Cleveland, 0 October, ?75 4 9 16 Washington, D C February, ?76 4 18 17 Philadelphia, Pat June, ?76, 5 3 18 Philadelphia, Pa October, ?76 5 9 19 New York, N Y February, ?77 5 27 20 Wilkes-Barre, Pa May, ?77 6 3 21 Amenia, N Y October, ?77 6 10 22 Philadelphia, Pa. May, ?78 6 18 23 Chattanooga, Tenn May ?78 7 3 24 Lake George, N.Y. Oct. ?78 7

Jan 1, 1923