Search Documents

By Jing-she Li, Hai-yan Tang, Cheng-song Liu, Wei Liu

"In order to effectively utilize cheap and low quality iron ores, a hematite ore in a certain steel plant in Xinjiang was researched on to obtain ""iron increase and silicon reduction"" by ore dressing operation experiment and the performance indexes of the hematite ore were optimized. Based on the fundamental characteristics and high-temperature properties of the concentrate after ore dressing and other five kinds of iron ores which were co=only used in this steel plant, ore matching principles were proposed and a sintering ore blending optimization model was established. Finally, sinter pot test was carried out to verify the validity and practicability of the sintering ore blending optimization model which was aimed at giving consideration to the sintering indexes and the cost.IntroductionIn recent years, the price of imported iron ore with high quality is always at a high level, while iron ore self-sufficient rate in China is less than 50%. Enormous market demand and high dependence of domestic enterprises on imported iron ore makes the price of it hardly return to rational. In order to get rid of the situation of long-term meager profit and even deficit, more and more iron and steel enterprises in China transit their focus of reducing production cost to the utilization and development of relatively cheap but low-grade iron ore resources at home[l-4l_ However, besides the disadvantages of low iron grade, high content of impurities and complex embedded properties, the high-temperature properties of iron ore often go beyond the suitable ranges for producing sinter with high quality. Thus directly utilization of this kind of iron ore without ore dressing process would probably affect the metallurgical performance and indexes of sinter ore.Previous research and production practice have shown that traditional iron ore matching in sintering mainly focus on the reasonable collocation of properties of iron ores with low quality and high quality, but pay less attention to ore dressing process of low quality iron ores and matching them with high quality iron ores. Actually, compare with directly utilization, iron ores with low quality after ore dressing have higher suitability for matching with high quality ones which is beneficial to reduce the consumption of iron ores with high quality and control the production cost of sintering [5-s1."

Jan 1, 2014

By Nural Kuyucak, Graham A. Johnson

Noranda's Geco Division is presently developing a comprehensive reclamation plan for closure of its Manitouwadge, Ontario operation, expected late in 1995. As part of a program of progressive rehabilation, the existing 20 year old water treatment plant will be upgraded from a low density to a high density lime neutralization process treating AMD and excess site water. The process, developed by the Noranda Technology Centre, utilizes a two step rather than a single step process to bring the Ph to the required neutralization level, a variation which contributes to improved sludge properties such as higher density and decreased viscosity. This is of particular significance where sludge pumping or storage volumes may present a concerns.

Jan 1, 1995

By O. Moselhi

This paper describes a method for selection of most suitable project delivery systems for capital projects. It expands upon the method advanced by the Construction Industry Institute (CII) in 2003, and incorporates additional decision criteria and project delivery systems in a multi-tier decision computational platform. The paper integrates the analytical hierarchy process to alleviate the inherent subjectivity associated with the assignments of relative weights to selection criteria used in the CII method. It also expands the range of project delivery options to include Public Private Partnership (PPP) and Integrated Project Delivery (IDP). The range of selection criteria was expanded by 60, beyond the 20 criteria of the CII method. Relative effectiveness values are proposed for the added project delivery systems making use of recent project cases in Canada and the USA. The method was implemented in a spreadsheet application. Multiple scenarios were considered for one of the cases presented in the CII study and a sensitivity analysis performed based on the developments made in this paper. The differences in outputs between the CII method and the proposed method are discussed. This is the first decision framework that incorporates both the presently used PPP and the recently introduced IDP, along with the widely used project delivery systems. The developed method allows users to filter out the factors and alternatives that do not apply to the case at hand, based on key inputs at the upper tier. The method is flexible and can easily be expanded upon and customized by the user.

Aug 1, 2013

By Bernhard J. Ralph

In refractory gold ores much of the gold occurs in sub-microscopic form in sulfide minerals, most commonly pyrite and arsenopyrite Bacterial leaching is being developed as a pretreatment for these minerals to aid the liberation of gold and a variety of extracting reagents. This paper reviews the nature of the principal micro-organisms involved, the effects of various physico-chemical factors on the rate and extent of extraction, and likely mechanisms involved.

Jan 1, 1989

By L. K. Borrett ond C. S. Yusi

The authors have made extensive use of a modern field of mathematics, topology, to give a new approach to the study of sintering. They present a topological model for the sinter body and the void space, and establish a relationship between them. However, in an interdisciplinary paper of this nature it is important that the material be presented, insofar as possible, in

Jan 1, 1967

By L. Shevenell, L. Stillings

The Acid Drainage Technology Initiative-Metal Mining Sector (ADTI-MMS) has established a Pit Lake Committee to enhance the science and understanding for the long-term management of pit lakes. Participation in this new committee is from members of federal and state agencies, industry, and academia, including numerous individuals representing 10 states. Work has begun on a pit lake literature search and review, database, classification, and sampling and monitoring procedures document. Coordination with the International Network for Acid Prevention (INAP) has been established. Future work will include preparing a prediction and assumption verification document, a report identifying variables upon which water quality is dependent, and an applied remediation technologies document, including an evaluation of the effects of backfilling.

Jan 1, 2002

By T. V. Owen

This paper describes the flotation of cassiterite from fine slimes at Rooiberg Tin Limited, and gives an of the Amdel on-line analysis system that was instaled in 1984 to aid in the control of the concentrate The system, which is easy to install and maintain, and which uses X-ray-fluorescence analysis, has improved control, and therefore a better recovery of tin.

Jan 1, 1988

By Stephen P. Case, Stephen Castellucci, William Parsons

In this paper, the authors present a step-by-step discussion of dimension stone production at a New England granite quarry. The quarry mines a rare pink granite which is used for facings and panels in the construction of high rise buildings around the world. The discussion includes geological considerations, block layout, drilling, explosives loading, block handling, and mobile equipment utilization.

Jan 1, 1990

By Vljay K. Chhipa

Artificial intelligence is" an emerging technology in the field of computer application. Expert system have been developed to imitate human intelligence and reasoning process. Expert systems have much scope of application in the decision making process in mineral exploration as such decisions are highly subjective and expert opinions are very helpful. This paper presents a small expert system to analyze reasoning process in exploring for uranium deposits in sandstone.

Jan 1, 1989

ONE of the largest hard rock operations ever undertaken on the continent is part of the Aluminum Co. of Canada's gigantic British Columbia development in the mountainous wilderness back of the north coastal port of Prince Rupert. To provide electric power for the huge aluminum smelter under construction at Kitimat, 400 miles northwest of Vancouver, Alcan is reversing the flow of a 5000 sq mile drainage area by blocking the eastward-flowing Nechako River with the largest sloping clay core dam in the world. The backed-up waters of a 110-mile chain of lakes will be tapped at their eastern end by a 10-mile tunnel piercing a mile-high mountain range. From this tunnel water will pass through penstocks to a subterranean powerhouse after a drop of 2600 ft and empty into the Kemano River almost at tide water. A projected battery of eight turbine-driven generators will produce more than a million horsepower, although, initially, three generators of 140,000 hp each will be installed. Power will travel 50 miles across another mountain range, over a glacier, and across an arm of the ocean to what will ultimately be the world's largest aluminum smelter-a plant 2 ½ miles long. Ore smelted at Kitimat will come from Jamaica, but carving the tunnel, penstocks, and powerhouses cavern out of the heart of a mountain is so vast a job that most of the problems of a major mining operation are encountered. The powerhouse cavern alone is a big hard rock job. This chamber lies 1400 ft back from the mountain face and will eventually be 1100 ft long, 80 ft wide, and an average 118 ft high. Now under construction, the roof of this cavern will take the form of a parabolic arch. The prime contractors, Morrison-Knudsen Co. of Canada, are to excavate a length of 700 ft by May 1954. This section will provide a main control room, erection bay and space for eight generating units. The roof arch is to be lined with reinforced concrete and a plan now under study provides for concrete curtain walls separated from the rock sides of the cavern to prevent moisture accumulation. Cavern Excavation Excavation of the cavern began with the driving of an 8x8-ft exploratory drift 1500 ft long. Two horseshoe-shaped access and tailrace tunnels were bored to serve excavation work. These tunnels are approximately the same length as the exploratory drift and 25 ft high. The floors of both tunnels were graveled to permit the use of rubber-tired equipment. Eventually, the tailrace tunnel will be enlarged to 40 ft height to drain water from the turbine pits below the powerhouse floor. When the tunnels reached the cavern location, a mucking tunnel, approximately 25 ft square, was driven the projected length of the powerhouse at the floor level of the cavern. Another tunnel, 10 ft square, was carried in the same direction from the exploratory drift at the level of the arch spring line, 65 ft above the cavern floor. To connect these two tunnels, seven shafts 10 ft wide and approximately 80 ft long were driven through to the lower mucking tunnel, 65 ft below. These shafts were located on 120-ft centers, the length of the powerhouse cavern. Blasting is done from this upper tunnel to the final line of the roof arch. Two bulldozers, an International TD-24 and a TD-9, doze blasted material to the shafts where it drops to floor level. From here, the rock is loaded by Eimco loaders and power shovels into rubber-tired Koehring Dumptors and Euclid end-dump trucks. The arched roof section will be completely excavated and concreted before vertical blast holes are drilled down from the level of the arch spring line to the floor of the cavern. The arched roof section with its parabolic curve will have a width of 80 ft and a rise to the crown of 47 ft.

Jan 1, 1952

By Donald Lindell

Safety Share ?Dad receives fryer for Christmas 2009 and makes delicious sweet potato fries ?When the oil fryer was pushed back on the stove for cooling, the back edge comes into contact with the stove top controls, unknowingly activating the cooking element, family leaves kitchen. ?Faint smell of smoke from the melting plastic alerted the family; teenager arrives first and pulls the fryer forward causing oil to spill onto hot stove and burst into flames that reach the microwave ?Teen runs for sink to grab pan of water but is stopped by Dad ?Dad opens refrigerator, grabs baking soda and pours it on fire, extinguishing flames Lessons 1.DO NOT USE WATER ON GREASE FIRE 2.Where is the baking soda in your kitchen?

May 1, 2010

By D. J. Sellmyer

In order to orient single crystals by the back-reflection method it is necessary to know the angles between the various crystallographic planes. These angles have already been published for the hexagonal close-packed metals magnesium, zinc, and cadmium.'

Jan 1, 1965

By Lorena Blanco, Guillermo Gómez-Ramos, Iker Blasco, Egidio Marino, Luis Somoza, Ricardo León, Teresa Medialdea, Javier González

"This study presents the first catalogue of marine mineral deposits and energy resources along the continental margin of Spain. Aggregates, oil and gas and metalliferous mineral areas have been defined and mapped. The catalogue, implemented in a geographic information system (GIS), is conceived as a first national database within the European network, which is being built as part of the EMODnet-Geology project. It comprises 8 types of mineral and energy resources for the Spanish margins: aggregates, hydrocarbons, evaporites, placer deposits, phosphorites, polymetallic sulfides, polymetallic nodules and cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts (Figures 1 and 2). The catalogue stores a total of 409 marine mineral deposits and compiles information such as name, deposit type, main morphology, main minerals, setting or area extent for each mineral deposit. By number of deposits compiled, the aggregates are the most abundant (286) followed by hydrocarbons (62), cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts (32), evaporites (9), placer deposits (8), phosphorites (5), polymetallic nodules (4) and polymetallic sulphide deposits (3). Considering the total extension, hydrocarbons (32,386 km2) and cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts (24,951 km2) represent the biggest areas.The Geological Survey of Spain (IGME) is developing a new tool in the catalogue, according the International Seabed Authority (ISA) Database parameters, for individual samples on each ferromanganese deposit. The database includes an extensive collection of records that comprise five information groups: general cruise and sample data, physical properties, mineralogy, geochemistry and acronyms used. New attributes have been incorporated, in example: geophysical, sedimentological and petrological data in the deposit area, sample weight, porosity, morphology, textural and structural features, geochemistry of major, minor and trace elements (included REEs and PGEs) and supplementary cruise and laboratory reports. This new database complements the EMODnet-Geology project minerals catalogue, offering a deeper level of information for the areas with major potential for mineral or energy resources as they are the Canary Island Seamount Province, the West Margin of Galicia and the Gulf of Cadiz."

Jan 1, 2017

By M. J. Hart, E. C. McDowell

There are no formulas that guarantee success when obtaining zoning approval for mineral aggregate mining. Local land use decisions often represent the most controversial issues faced by a community. Public awareness, concern, willingness to get involved, sensitivity to the environment and, probably most important, fear of change only begin to describe the atmosphere in which local land use decisions are made. The public hearing process is quasi judicial, adversarial, and unfortunately, not designed for resolution of disputes. It is not difficult to see the need for an alternative to present methods. Hopefully, some day there will be a process that will do away with or at least minimize unnecessary, unproductive, and unmanageable community conflicts.

Jan 1, 1986

By Agrawal R. D, Kapoor M. L

Activity of FeO in the ternary system MgO-FeO-CaO in contact with metallic iron has been measured at 1000 K employing the cell.PtIFe, (Mg, Fe, Ca)OIZr02 - CaOIFe, FeOlPt. Measured data are used to study the phase stability relations in the system MgO-FeO-CaO and an isothermal section at 1000 K through this system is drawn.

Jan 1, 1987

By William Victor Vietti

A METHOD of determining the average density of the fluid column in a flowing oil well is presented. Actual field data from several wells are used to illustrate the application of the method in the Yates Field, Pecos County, Texas. The depth of the wells in the Yates Field varies from 900 to 1700 ft. depending on surface elevation and the location of the wells on structure. Production rates over 8000 bbl. hourly have been determined and many

Jan 1, 1930

By Yuyong Li, Liangman Zhang, Zhaolian Wang, Shun Wang, Ltd. Shandong Huate Magnet Technology Co., Fengliang Liu

"Introduce a newly revolutionary magnetic separator - Raising Concentrate Grade and Decreasing Dregs Content Magnetic Separator Series JCTN (i.e. RCG&DDC MS JCTN). HUATE® JCTN is designed for rinsing, purification, desliming and thickening of the magnetic minerals as per different requirements. Adopting 240°-270° larger magnetic element with multi-poles and magnetic pulsation, and combining the devices of multi-channel rinsing water and top flushing water and new style tank, HUATE® JCTN can improve another 2%-10% concentrate mFe% than the traditional MS without lowering the concentrate recovery rate. Thereby, it solves the uneasy concentrate upgradation problem of the traditional MS resulting from the magnetic aggregation. Now, JCTN has been successfully applied in more than 30 mines in Australia, China and Russia, e.g. Sino Iron of CITIC PACIFIC MINING MANAGERMENT PTY LTD. HUATE® JCTN can optimize the industrial processing line by: 1) improving the discarding rate before milling to discard the necessary tailing ASAP; 2) getting in advance the final concentrate after milling. One JCTN can replace many traditional MS in series. In some way, it can also replace the anti-flotation separation process.INTRODUCTIONWe’re writing to introduce a newly revolutionary magnetic separator - Raising Concentrate Grade and Decreasing Dregs Content Magnetic Separator Series JCTN (i.e. RCG&DDC MS JCTN). HUATE® JCTN is designed for rinsing, purification, desliming and thickening of the magnetic minerals as per different requirements."

Jan 1, 2016

By Kenneth Robertson

THERE is probably less known of this subject than of any other connected with the metallurgy of iron. In all the books that treat of this matter, there ore given analyses of slags, their chemical formulae, the loss of iron, etc. ; but few, if any, give the character of the iron mode at the time; none give analyses and physical characteristics of the ores and limestones used, and they present merely isolated examples from various furnaces, and consequently one is more frequently puzzled than enlightened after reading them. During two years I have had occasion to analyze the slags and many of the pig-irons from two furnaces, and for this article I hove made analyses of all the different grades of pig mode by them. A

Jan 1, 1873

By Kenneth R. Hancock

Iron oxides are unique in that they are the only significant colored mineral found in a natural state suitable for use as a pigment after it has been pulverized to pigmentary size. The current world production of iron oxide pig¬ments is estimated by the author to be between 450,000 and 550,000 tons based on 1969 data. The fact that highly colored natural deposits of iron ore are found throughout the world ac¬counts for its use in prehistoric man's artistic cave paintings. These early artists did not realize that they had established man's first paint test fence which now has some 20,000 years of exposure. In addition to abundance, constituting about 7 % of the earth's crust, iron oxides have the advantages of low cost, permanency, and are not toxic. Through the centuries, succeeding civilizations have utilized iron oxides as a major source for decoration and protection when coloring was desired. In the last century the chemical industry has improved on nature by developing a complete range of synthetic iron oxide pigments which surpass the pigments pro¬duced from natural iron ores in uniformity, color quality, and chemical purity. In the United States alone, the combined production of natural and synthetic iron oxides produced sales of over $28,000,000 in 1970 (Stipp, 1970). Nomenclature With the increasing importance of the syn¬thetic iron oxides it is necessary to make a distinction between the natural or mineral pig¬ments and the synthetic pigments. Natural pigments are those products which are derived from selected ores and should not be confused with iron ores mined for steel production. Iron ores that are mined for steel must be capable of being mined and reduced to iron on a com¬mercial basis. These ores are selected on the basis of iron content and processing economics. It is therefore unusual when iron ores for steel production are suitable for use as mineral pig¬ments. Natural pigment ore sources are se¬lected for their special physical-chemical prop¬erties and can command a premium price. Synthetic pigments, and in this instance iron oxides, are those pigments produced from basic chemicals. Through chemical synthesis pig¬mentary sized particles are produced as opposed to comminution, the major procedure common to all natural iron oxide pigments.

Jan 1, 1975

By F. Samimi Namin

One of the main tasks in exploitation of mines is to select a method suitable for the deposits, specific features including geometric, geo-mechanical and geological features. The purpose of selecting a mining method at this stage is to choose one or more method(s) having the most coordination with the deposit?s conditions and external factors, including the allocated budget and local technology for detailed feasibility studies. Several methods have been developed in the past to evaluate suitable mining methods for an ore deposit, based on its physical characteristics. These approaches can be classified into three groups: (1) profile and checklist methods, (2) numerical ranking (scoring) methods, and (3) decision-making models. Most of these methods have shortcomings. Considering the fact that most of the specifications of mineral deposits, such as dip and depth, are linguistic variables, absoluteness of the explaining parameters by previous methods can be mentioned as the most important disadvantage of these methods. This paper discusses the Fuzzy technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution (Fuzzy TOPSIS) to determine the mining method. The fuzzy decision making (FDM) software tool is employed to develop a Fuzzy TOPSIS based model. Application of this model with various values (crisp, linguistic and fuzzy) of the deposit eliminated the existing disadvantages of other methods. Two empirical illustrations demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the evaluation procedure. These show that the proposed model performs better than its alternatives. Keywords: mining method selection, fuzzy TOPSIS, decision making, mining engineering, linguistic variables.

Jan 1, 2008