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Author Biography William Poole was born in Sydney, NSW in August 1868. He was educated at Sydney Grammar School. William spent two and a half years as a cadet in the Railway Construction Branch of the NSW Department of Public Works doing office and field work. He then undertook a civil engineering course at Sydney University. Following this he was employed for six years as assistant and resident engineer at the Water Conservation Branch, NSW and was in responsible charge of various field operations, surveys, river gaugings and works of constructions including a large timber weir and also a concrete weir on the Macquarie River, NSW. He then undertook a mining and metallurgical course at Sydney University and became a graduate (BE) with honours in civil engineering, mining engineering and metallurgy. He then spent four and a half years with BHP Co, one and a half years at Broken Hill in the mining and concentration works and three years at the smelting works in Port Pirie, SA, in the latter case he was metallurgist and night superintendent and during that time had responsibility and control at night of the blast furnaces and, during the last 15 months, of the whole of these large works. The author left the Port Pirie, SA works to assume the position of Director of the State School of Mines at Charters Towers and had responsible control of the establishment and also lectured in mining, surveying and structure. William Poole was honoured to hold membership in the following organisations: Assoc M Inst C E, L S of NSW, M Aus Inst M M, Assoc Inst M & M (London).

Jan 1, 2006

By Randolph H. Schnitzel

MARINGER and schwopel have investigated the internal friction of high-purity molybdenum. After light tensile deformation, they observed internal-friction peaks at about 230° to 290°C, 310" to 370°C, and 820° to 870°C, which they have attributed to the interstitials carbon and nitrogen, and to stress relaxation across grain boundaries, respectively. The electron-beam melting technique has been successfully applied to refractory metals including molybdenum. By this technique single crystals and higher-purity levels than those of commercial molybdenum are readily obtained. Since electron-beam processed molybdenum possesses such desirable qualities, it seems reasonable to determine: u) if internal-friction peaks do exist in these single crystals, and b) if so, whether or not these peaks can possibly be attributed to the motion of specific interstitials. The molybdenum crystal used in this investigation received four melting passes in the electron-beam furnace. This crystal was about 11 in. long and had an orientation 4 deg from the [loo]. The process of making wire consisted of grinding the crystal rod to a diameter of 0.040 in. and then electropolishing to a final diameter of 0.030 in. Since Maringer and schwopel have indicated that the peak at 230" to 290°C may be due to the presence of carbon, the wire was cut into two equal lengths and one length was carburized prior to the internal-friction measurements. The critical condition necessary for the controlled addition of carbon proved to be a difficult problem. Therefore, a simpler nonequilibrium method was used. This consisted of carburizing at 2000°C in graphite powder to obtain a case, annealing at higher temperatures in vacuum to partially dissolve carbon into the molybdenum, and then removing the remaining case by dissolving it elec-trolytically. After this treatment, metallographic examination of a small section of the specimen revealed carbides in the matrix. Vacuum fusion and carbon analyses for both the virgin (as melted) and carburized specimens are given in Table I. Internal-friction measurements of these specimens were conducted in an apparatus of conventional

Jan 1, 1964

A few years later another gazetteer said of Virginia: "The Ouasioto Mountains are 50 or 60 miles wide at the Gap. These mountains abound in coal, lime and free-stone." The Gap was the Potomac River. "Copper, iron, black-lead, coal, marble, limestone &c are found in this country."' In the Morris papers, in Louisa and Goochland Counties, some records of operations in 1797 and 1798 have been preserved. These are: [ ]

Jan 1, 1942

By Henry S. Munroe

The plan of organizing a summer class of students of tha Bchool of Mines, for the practical study of mioing and miner's work, rewived at the outset the following cordial indorsement: ...." 1 have thonght over the plan proposed by you of taking the students to the mines during the summer, acd of having them actuaily ttrke part, under the direction of skilled worktnbn, in dl the various kinde of mining work; and of using them as a cerps of engineers to make inside and outside surreys, particularly with a view to the detailed study of the geology of the mine. I have no beitation in saying, that if the students have been previously instructed in the theoretical part of thrir studies, by lectitras and practice during the winter, the plan would be an admirable one. Of courae experience will suggest modiflcations of detail. Frorn the work you have done at our mines this spring, I feel sure that you would be perfectly competent to curry out your plan, and 1 shall gladly aid you in uny wny I can. " Yours, sincerely, The plan of the proposed summer school thus indorsed by Mr. Coxe was adopted by the trustees of Columbia College, and an appropriation of one thousand dollars, or so much thereof ss might be necessary, was voted for the experitneat. A volunteer class of thirteen students was formed, and the first summer school was held at Drifton, in July and August of that year (1877). The following extract, from an editorial notice in the iden of the organization of the school and the work required of the stiudens. "The students, on reporting to Professor Munroe, were divided into sqoade of two or three men each, and on Monday, July 2d, were aesigned to the qre of skilled miners, selected for the purpose by the mine boss, for instruction in gangway work. Half of the students worked in the morning and the other half in the atternoon, one squad at a time with each miner, The times of going and coming to and from work were so arranged that each student spent four to four and a half hours in the mine each day. While in the mine they assisted the miner to load his car, thereby learning readily to distinguish I slate ' and

Jan 1, 1881

1. Any society of undergraduates at a technical school, comprising students in any branch of engineering, metallurgy, chemistry, geology, etc., may be recognized by the Board of Directors in its discretion as an Affiliated Student Society, and its name, together with the names of its President and its Secretary, may be published in the Bulletin or the Year Book of the Institute. The individual members of such a society will not be catalogued as individual members or associates of the Institute, but may at any time be proposed for election as members or associates of the Institute, in the usual way. 2. Membership in an Affiliated Student Society, certified by the official representative thereof, and accompanied with suitable testimony as to character and qualifications, will have special ,weight with the Membership Committee of the Institute, in its consideration of the proposal of a candidate for membership or for Junior membership.

Jan 1, 1917

1. Any society of undergraduates at a technical school, comprising students in any branch of engineering, metallurgy, chemistry, geology, etc., may be recognized by the Board of Directors in its discretion as an Affiliated Student Society, and its name, together with the names of its President and its Secretary, may be published in the Bulletin or the Year Book of the Institute. The individual members of such a society will not be catalogued as individual members or associates of the Institute, but may at any time be proposed for election as members or associates of the Institute, in the usual way. 2. Membership in an Affiliated Student Society, certified by the official representative thereof, and accompanied with suitable testimony as to character and qualifications, will have special, weight with the Membership Committee of the Institute, in its consideration of the proposal of a candidate for membership or for Junior membership.

Jan 1, 1923

1. Any society of undergraduates at a technical school, comprising students in any branch of engineering, metallurgy, chemistry, geology, etc., may be recognized by the Board of Directors in its discretion as an Affiliated Student Society, and its name, together with the names of its President and its Secretary, may be published in the Bulletin or the Year Book of the Institute. The individual members of such a society will not be catalogued as individual members or associates of the Institute, but may at any time be proposed for election as members or associates of the Institute, in the usual way. 2. Membership in an Affiliated Student Society, certified by the official representative thereof, and accompanied with suitable testimony as to character and qualifications, will have special, weight with the Membership Committee of the Institute, in its consideration of the proposal of a candidate for membership or for Junior membership.

Jan 1, 1923

1. Any society of undergraduates at a technical school, comprising students in any branch of engineering, metallurgy, chemistry, geology, etc., may be recognized by the Board of Directors in its discretion as an Affiliated Student Society, and its name, together with the names of its President and its Secretary, may be published in the Bulletin or the Year Book of the Institute. The individual members of such a society will not be catalogued as individual members or associates of the Institute, but may at any time be proposed for election as members or associates of the Institute, in the usual way. 2. Membership in an Affiliated Student Society, certified by the official representative thereof, and accompanied with suitable testimony as to character and qualifications, will have special ,weight with the Membership Committee of the Institute, in its consideration of the proposal of a candidate for membership or for Junior membership.

Jan 1, 1917

1 Any society of undergraduates at a technical school, comprising students in any branch of engineering, metallurgy, chemistry, geology, etc , may be recognized by the Board of Directors in its discretion as an Affiliated Student Society, and its name, together with the names of its president and its secretary, may be published in MINING AND METALLURGY or the Directory of the Institute. The members of such a society will not be named individually on the membership list of the Institute, but may at any time be proposed for election as associates or junior associates of the Institute, in the usual way 2 Membership in an Affiliated Student Society, certified by the official representative thereof, and accompanied with suitable testimony as to character and qualifications, will have special weight with the Membership Committee of the Institute, in its consideration of the pro¬posal of a candidate for membership

Jan 1, 1923

1. Any society of undergraduates at a technical school, comprising students in any branch of engineering, metallurgy, chemistry, geology, etc., may be recognized by the Board of Directors in its discretion as an Affiliated Student Society, and its name, together with the names of its President and its Secretary, may be published in the Bulletin or the Year Book of the Institute. The individual members of such a society will not be catalogued as individual members or associates of the Institute, but may at any time be proposed for election as members or associates of the Institute, in the usual way. 2. Membership in an Affiliated Student Society, certified by the official representative thereof, and accompanied with suitable testimony as to character and qualifications, will have special ,weight with the Membership Committee of the Institute, in its consideration of the proposal of a candidate for membership or for Junior membership.

Jan 1, 1923

By Eckley B. Coxe

(WITH FIGURES ON PLATES II, III, AND IV.) I DESIRE to call the attention of the Institute to two deep vertical shafts, which are now being sunk in Schuylkill County, Pennsyl¬vania, about 1 1/2 miles north of Pottsville. These shafts are of interest to the mining engineer, not only on account of the novelty of the method of sinking adopted, which promises to produce a revolution in that branch of mining engineering, but also as examples of the manner in which such work should be undertaken. GEOLOGICAL SKETCH OF THE TERRITORY TO BE WORKED BY THE SHAFTS AND REASON FOR SINKING THEM. The Mammoth or E Vein of the anthracite coal-measures in that part of the Schuylkill region near and north of the town of Pottsville lies at a great depth below the surface, and has, in consequence, never been worked in that locality.

Jan 1, 1873

By John D. Wiebmer

There are those in the Colstrip, Mont., area who can still remember the opening of the Rosebud mine in 1923. For 35 years it was a steady employer of 80 or 90 residents who produced coal for the railroad. In 1958, though, mining ceased as diesel locomotives supplanted steam engines. The mine was purchased in 1959 by Montana Power, the parent of Western Energy Co., and production resumed in 1968. Long Construction Co. was chosen as operator of the mine equipment. At that time, reserves appeared virtually unlimited. The thick Rosebud seam coursed through alternate sections of railroad holdings and federal land-then came the federal moratorium on coal leasing in 1971. About the time Western Energy completed the special leasing procedure to extend reserves from an existing mine, a new federal monkey wrench was thrown into the works with passage of the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977.

Jan 12, 1979

By P Gardner

The Kanowna Belle gold mine in Western Australia has reached a depth of 1000 m on the way to 1300 m. A feasibility study undertaken in 2006 identified the mining of E-Block as both technically and commercially feasible. One of the major risks identified in the study was the ventilation capacity, as the existing primary ventilation system would not support the production schedule for mining and a major system upgrade would be required. Failure to provide the necessary airflow would put the project at risk. A review of the airflow requirements and infrastructure options detailed in the feasibility study was undertaken to ensure that the assumptions and design were optimised. This review recommended a minimum airflow of 206 m3/s, but by acknowledging the necessary constraints imposed by mining at depth and re-engineering the mine layout to optimise the primary ventilation circuit, this requirement was reduced to 160 m3/s. This represents a 22 per cent reduction in airflow and a reduction in capital cost that will see mining at depth become economically feasible at Kanowna Belle. This paper discusses the processes that led to a redesign of the mining layout and highlights the importance of including the ventilation network in the optimisation process.

Jan 1, 2008

The great additional clue given to professional books by adequate alphabetical and analytical indexes has been recognized from the beginning in the publication of the Transactions of the American Institute of Mining Engineers The bust ten volumes, edited by Dr Thomas M Drown, the secretary, were provided with indexes, as well as tables of contents Moreover, he included in Vol V (published in 1877), a consolidated index of Vols I to V , inclusive, and, at the triune of his resignation in 1884, he had prepared a similar index of Vols I to X , inclusive, which was published in the following year The indexes of the annual volumes from Vol XI on were made much more extensive than their predecessors Casual mentions, as well as important discussions, were included, the geographical localities of mines of works alluded to in the text were added in the index, and numerous cross-references were introduced, with the purpose of making it easy for the student to discover at once what the Transactions contained, either of thorough treatment or of hints and clues to further inquiry, concerning any topic, locality, or person within their scope In order to extend the advantages of this larger scheme to the earlier volumes a consolidated index of Vols I to XV , inclusive (published in 1888), was prepared by compiling the several annual indexes and introducing additional items for those preceding Vol XI Vol XX , issued in 1892, contained a similar consolidated index for Vols XVI to XX , inclusive, in 1897, a sepal ate index-volume, covering Vols XXI to XXV, inclusive, was published, and on 1902 appeared another for Vols XXVI to XXX These four indexes, for Vols I to XV, XVI to XX, XXI to XXV , and XXVI to XXX, respectively, bound together into a book of about 950 octavo pages have constituted for the last five year s a consolidated index to the Transactions which they cover-with the single difference that the book had to be consulted four times, where a single comprehensive index would require to be consulted but once This disadvantage, however, was relatively small, compared with the great convenience of finding by four trials m one book what would otherwise call for 30 separate searches in 30 books Moreover, the possession of the one might be most useful to a student who did not possess the 30, by indicating to him what they con-

Jan 1, 1907

By Frank Calvin Roberts

An examination of the various devices employed for operating blast-furnace charging-bells has led me to design the arrangement slrown in the accompanying figure. In order to contribute to the even distribution of stock, the movement of the bell should be in a vertical line, since any tendency to side-thrust which may be in-

Jan 1, 1888

By AIME AIME

FEW men are better known in fuel engineering circles in the Middle West than the present Chairman of the Coal Division of the A.I.M.E. - Julian Elnathan Tobey. Now vice-president in charge of engineering of Appalachian Coals Inc., of Cincinnati, he has served that pioneer regional marketing agency since Aug. 1, 1934, when he became manager of its engineering department. His duties have included field promotion work in the interest of use of the agency's coals from eastern Kentucky and Tennessee, south western Virginia, and southern West Virginia in new plants of all types. He has been especially interested in certain industries which have shown an alarming tendency to change to natural gas or hydroelectric power; also in the development and practical application of small stokers and other mechanical equipment.

Jan 1, 1941

By J. V. Batty, K. C. Dean, H. D. Snedden, W. J. Long

As a part of the investigation of strategic-mineral deposits in the United States under the Strategic Minerals Act, engineers of the Bureau of Mines examined and sampled numerous deposits of fluorite ore from Utah. From those deposits that warranted further investigation, samples were submitted to the Ore Dressing Section of the Salt Lake City Station for metallurgical testing. This paper gives data summarizing the results obtained from laboratory ore-dressing studies of the fluorite ores submitted. Test work was done on samples from four properties in the Washington Mining District, Beaver County; two properties in the Star Mining District, Beaver County; one property in the Wah Wah Mountains, Beaver County; and three properties in Tooele County, Utah. In general, the Washington District ores were found amenable to concentration by flotation for the production of acid-grade fluorspar. None of the other ores were beneficiated to acid-grade, but several were amenable to concentration for the production of metallurgical-grade fluorspar concentrates.

Dec 1, 1947

By J. V. Batty, K. C. Dean, H. D. Snedden, W. J. Long

As a part of the investigation of strategic-mineral deposits in the United States under the Strategic Minerals Act, engineers of the Bureau of Mines examined and sampled numerous deposits of fluorite ore from Utah. From those deposits that warranted further investigation, samples were submitted to the Ore Dressing Section of the Salt Lake City Station for metallurgical testing. This paper gives data summarizing the results obtained from laboratory ore-dressing studies of the fluorite ores submitted. Test work was done on samples from four properties in the Washington Mining District, Beaver County; two properties in the Star Mining District, Beaver County; one property in the Wah Wah Mountains, Beaver County; and three properties in Tooele County, Utah. In general, the Washington District ores were found amenable to concentration by flotation for the production of acid-grade fluorspar. None of the other ores were beneficiated to acid-grade, but several were amenable to concentration for the production of metallurgical-grade fluorspar concentrates.

Dec 1, 1947

By Azizan A

The paper presents the results of chlorination of beneficiated rutile and struverite (a tantalum-niobium bearing, rutile type mineral in alluvial tin deposits) by carbon tetrachloride in the range 623¦K to 773¦K. The chlorination of rutile could reach near completion at 773¦K in about an hour. The process was found to follow a modified pore-blocking law, with the basic reaction constant K varying inversely with the particle size, so that the basic process may be a reaction under interface control (chemical control) as modified by the pore blocking effect. The pore blocking factors for the various experimental conditions were evaluated and the predicted curves showed good agreement with the experimental data. In the case of Struverite, a similar kinetic behaviour was observed but the chlorination process was relatively slower than that in rutile. It was also observed that in struverite, niobium got chlorinated faster, followed by tantalum and titanium, indicating a good possibility of separation by chlorination using carbon tetrachloride.

Jan 1, 1996

By K. A. Natarajan, J. M. Modak, B. Saha

Nonliving waste biomass consisting of Aspergillus niger attached to wheat bran was used as a biosorbent for the removal of copper and zinc from aqueous solutions. Copper and zinc uptake by the biomass obeyed Langmuir isotherms. The binding capacity of the biomass for copper was found to be higher than that for zinc. The metal uptake, expressed in milligrams per grain of biomass, was found to be a function of: •the initial metal concentration (with the uptake decreasing with increasing initial concentration), •the biomass loading (with the uptake decreasing with increasing biomass loading) and •pH (with the uptake increasing with increasing pH in the range of L5 and 6.0). The metal uptake was significantly affected in the presence of a co-ion. The uptake of copper by the biomass decreased in the presence of zinc and vice versa. The decrease in metal uptake was dependent on the concentrations of metals in the two-component aqueous solutions. The effect of copper on zinc uptake was more pronounced than the effect of zinc on copper uptake.

Jan 1, 1997