Search Documents

By Bruce Pinkston

This report presents a description of the Prototype Demonstration Vehicle developed under U.S. Bureau of Mines Contract No. JO 366003, "Improving Man Transit Safety". This vehicle was constructed to assess the feasibility of a set of equipment related guidelines which were drafted in Phase I of the same contract. State-of-the-Art improvements were embodied in such areas as collision survivability, occupant comfort, and multiple mode (on and off rail) operation. The electric battery-powered vehicle carries a twelve man section crew at speeds up to 12 mph. The description of the demonstration vehicle is presented in Volume I. Safety Guidelines are presented in Volume II.

Jan 1, 1981

By J. A. Ruppert, P. M. Sullivan

A study was made of filtration techniques for recovering the major part of the tin contained in iron - tin alloys known as hardhead . Special smallscale filtering apparatus and a three - stage cyclic process were developed . Eighty- seven percent of the tin contained in an alloy of 82 percent tin and 17 percent iron was recovered as pure metal by pressing at 975° C followed by a second pressing at 800 ° C and a final filtering at 250 ° C. Small amounts of Sb , Cu , and Fe impurities were removed by adding Al to the molten product and performing another filtration at 250 ° C.

Jan 1, 1964

By S. J. Thomas, P. A. Lilly, J. A. L. Napier

An industry research project has been established to examine the issue of rock mass failure in large open pit slopes. The approach began with numerically modelling failure at the laboratory scale with a displacement discontinuity program. The interim results from the program suggest the output failure mode is dependent upon the input parameter cohesion weakening. Es wurde ein Forschungsproject mit unterstützung von Bergbauindustrie bearbeitet. Die Zielsetzung der vorliegenden Arbeit war die Analysierung des Böschungsgefähr im größen Festgesteinstagebauen. Das Verfahren besteht aus der numerischer Modelierung mit Ansatz einen sonderen Rechnerprogram. Die erste Ergebnis zeigt, daß die Aufgabe am Angabendaten (cohesion) abhängig sein wird. Un project de recherche industriel fût conduit avec le but d’examiner les éboulements de roche dans les mines a ciel ouvert. La premiere étape a été de modelliser numériquement les éboulements dans un laboratoire en utilisant un programme de déplacement discontinu. Les resultants préliminaires du programme indiquent que la prédiction des ébouliements est directement reliée à la magnitude de la cohesion.

Jan 1, 2003

By N Pranoto, E Lawell, T Dean, M Grant

The Goonyella Riverside Mine is located 30 km north of Moranbah in Central Queensland, Australia. Recent mining activities have exposed the north–south striking Kenya and Zimbabwe thrust Faults. These faults vertically offset coal seams by up to 25 m and locally thicken coal packages through imbrication of coal seams. The presence of back-thrusts add to the geotechnical complexity of maintaining highwall stability. The Kenya and Zimbabwe Faults have provided multiple challenges to the mining operation, with an unplanned additional 240 kt of coal tonnes being mined from imbrication of coals seams or from the refinement to local scale geological models. These additional coal tonnes have been either identified during the mining of the coal seam or just prior to overburden removal above the coal seam. These faults can also negatively impacted highwall stability with highwall failures, lowering the overall slope angle for pit designs and increasing stand-off distances for hazardous highwall conditions. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles are used to scan exposed highwalls and enable geological mapping via high-quality 3D images. Measure while drill data from drill and blast rigs can provide local-scale intersections of the faults and coal seams. Mine Geologists utilise these and other data sets to create localised geological models refined position of the fault planes and coal seams. These models are utilised by relevant mine site teams to ensure the safe and efficient mining of coal around these faults.

Mar 22, 2022

Portfolio management tends to separate the functions of Asset Allocation and Stock Selection, so the person responsible for reviewing an expert's report on a company would typically be choosing between companies rather than between a company and cash or bonds. How these choices are made depends on the investment time horizon, philosophy and style. Two styles, momentum investing and value investing are contrasted and the role of valuation methods within the framework of each style is evaluated. Finally, pricing is distinguished from valuation.

Jan 1, 1994

By John B. Gayle

The suitability of fluid petroleum coke as a blending agent for producing metallurgical coke has been investigated using the Tuscaloosa and sole-heated experimental ovens. From the results of tests with three representative blends, it has been fond that additions of fluid petroleum coke effect the following changes: (1) Increase in size, resistance to shatter, and apparent specific gravity of cokes produced; (2) little or no change in coke hardness and stability or in the amount of breeze formed; (3) increased charge density; (4) modification of expansion characteristics of blends charged; and (5) decreased ash and increased sulfur contents of blends charged and cokes produced. Substitution of a calcined sample of fluid coke of greatly reduced sulfur content resulted in a coke of inferior physical properties. This effect indicates that additions of the calcined product should probably be limited and that other methods for producing a low sulfur fluid coke should be considered.

Jan 1, 1956

Current design guidelines for the surface catalysed oxidation of Fe(II) on Fe(OH)3 (Ochre) in passive mine water treatment systems are based largely on empirical data as the details of rates and mechanisms have not fully been revealed. Also the effects of elevated carbonate concentrations, typical of many UK minewaters, on the surface catalysed oxidation rate are unclear. In order to move away from empirical design and towards sound engineering that is based on geochemical and hydrological understanding it is necessary to quantify these reaction rates. In this study the effects of Fe(OH)3 and carbonate on the rate of Fe(II) oxidation by dissolved oxygen have been investigated with an aim to delineate the reaction mechanism. Experiments were conducted under well-controlled conditions. Preliminary results indicate that the surface catalysed reaction is an order of magnitude faster at pH ~6.4 with 200 mg/l Fe(OH)3 than the homogeneous rate and is dominated by an elevated rate of removal and oxidation of Fe(II) from the solution phase. It is also apparent that the oxidation rate of actual adsorbed Fe(II) is substantially retarded with respect to the homogeneous rate. Carbonates were not shown to affect the surface rate within the bounds of this preliminary study.

Jan 1, 2006

By J. P. Kerr, W. N. Logan

Lack of reliable and detailed information on many of the older fields in Indiana has necessitated the use of x and y in many instances. Even in the younger fields many data were lacking. It was thought that even though much was to be desired regarding the amount and accuracy of the information on the old Trenton field, it was too important to be left out. We trust that we are not perpetuating any of the inaccuracies that are to be found in the data for Indiana.

Jan 1, 1935

By D. Harrington

ONE of the main functions of the United States Bureau of Mines is to obtain and disseminate information that will promote safety in and around mines, and the health and safety of employees engaged in mining. Serious health and safety conditions arising out' of contamination of air in metal mines by dust, fumes from explosives and fires, and absorption of oxygen by timber and other causes, led the Bureau of Mines to cooperate with the United States Public Health Service in the study of dust occurrence and ventilation in metal mines in various parts of the country. Dr. A. J. Lanza, of the U. S. Public Health Service, and Edwin Higgins, mining engineer of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, in 1915, made a detailed study in the mines around Joplin, Mo., their reports1 are now available. In 1916, 1917, and 1918, a similar study was made in the Butte, Mont., region by Doctor Lanza and D. Harrington, mining engineer of the Bureau of Mines; the reports of this investigation will be available soon. In 1919, the study was continued in some of the Arizona mines by D. Harrington, of the Bureau of Mines, and G. E. McElroy and Dr. R. A. Koronski, of the U. S. Public Health Service, the underground work being completed in June, 1920; these reports are now being prepared for publication. In the spring of 1920, the scope of the work was extended, with D. Harrington in charge as supervising mining engineer, and short studies made in the mines of the Coeur d' Alenes in Idaho and around Oatman, Ariz. It is hoped soon to extend the work into mines of California, Nevada, Colorado, Michigan, and Minnesota, and ultimately to other states should the mining companies be willing to cooperate.

Jan 2, 1921

By Deepak Gupta, R. Kageyamat, J. W. Evans

"In electromagnetic casting, a liquid metal pool is partly supported by electromagnetic forces resulting from the interaction between induced currents and an alternating magnetic field. Stability of the metal surface is of paramount importance if the cast ingot is to be free from surface defects. Prior work by Garnier and Moreau had suggested that the magnetic field has no influence on the surface stability, but a more complete analysis at Berkeley suggested that surface perturbations are destabilized by the magnetic field once a critical magnetic field is exceeded. More recently we have employed a modified version of the software SOLA to compute the behaviour of a melt surface in the presence of an alternating field. The computed results support the theoretical analysis in predicting an unstable surface. Experimental work is now in progress to examine the stability of a mercury pool in the presence of an alternating field. Introduction and Previous InvestigationsElectromagnetic casting (EMC) is a technique widely employed in the aluminum industry to produce ingot for subsequent rolling. It is a ""continuous"" casting technique (illustrated in Fig. 1) producing ingots several meters high (and perhaps 1m by 2m in horizontal dimensions) at a casting speed of one or two mm. per second. The technology has gained acceptance because the metal is solidified without contact with a mold. Consequently the surface finish of the ingot is usually smooth and the ingot can be fed directly to rolling without machining, the surface (""scalping""). Scalping is necessary with alternative technologies (e.g., DC casting) where a mold is used. Consequently any disturbances that result in surface imperfections of EMC ingot are a serious matter. One type of imperfection is waviness on the surface of the ingot; a line drawn along the crest of a wave would run horizontally around the ingot. This imperfection may be caused by waves on the surface of the metal pool. As the waves reach the solidification line at the periphery of the metal they cause alternate outward and inward bowing of the meniscus at that point with attendant small (but significant) changes in ingot width. Elimination of building vibrations and similar disturbances minimize the occurrence of these surface waves but it is interesting to speculate whether there are disturbances of the metal pool that arise from the electromagnetic forces supporting the liquid metal. These forces are generated by the interaction of currents induced in the melt and the magnetic field produced by the current imposed on the inductor surrounding the melt. The present investigation has been concerned with whether the alternating magnetic field destabilizes the melt surface."

Jan 1, 1994

By A. E. Dyment

In formulating an explosive for any specific set of conditions, various factors must be taken into consideration. Is it to be subjected to water or moisture? .If so, it must be designed to have an inherent ability to resist water. Is it to be used in confined spaces underground, where ventilation is limited? If it is, it must possess qualities enabling it to form, upon explosion, the minimum quantity of noxious gases, such as carbon monoxide or oxides of nitrogen. Is it for use where low temperatures may possibly prevail? If so, it must be capable of resisting such temperatures without freezing. Is it for use where dust or inflammable gases may be present? If it is, then it must be so formulated as to produce, upon detonation, a flame of the lowest possible temperature and the shortest possible duration, in order to lessen the chance of ignition of such gas or dust. This is actually the essential property of a permitted explosive, and it is undoubtedly the most important characteristic of an explosive which is to be used in gassy or closed-light mines. This being the quality that distinguishes permitted explosives from other types, it is interesting to investigate the ways and means by which the low-flame-temperature characteristic is obtained . Generally speaking, such explosives are so designed as to contain comparatively small quantities of nitroglycerin and relatively large quantities of the strength-producing salt, ammonium nitrate. This ingredient does not develop as high a temperature upon explosion as does nitroglycerin, so its presence, in large measure, in place of nitroglycerin results in an explosive which has an inherent low-flame-temperature characteristic, as opposed to one which is .made up largely of nitroglycerin, which would ordinarily be in the high-flame-temperature class. Additions are also made of flame-quenching salts such as sodium chloride, ammonium chloride, and up to a certain limiting percentage of sodium nitrate. These salts, with the exception of the last, do not ordinarily take an active part in the explosive reaction, being present primarily to absorb heat liberated by the reacting ingredients.

Jan 1, 1947

By L. E. Porter

El Segundo field is about 14 miles southwest of the central portion of the city of Los Angeles, immediately adjacent to the town of El Segundo and the Standard Oil Company's El Segundo refinery site. The field is served and bisected by several major highways connecting the beach cities on the west side of the Los Angeles Basin. The exact location of the field and its position with respect to other producing areas is shown on the map covering this portion of the Basin (Fig. I). The Republic Petroleum Co. discovered the first commercial production in the area when it completed its El Segundo No. 1 (sec. 18, T. 3 S. R. 14 W.) at a depth of 7402 ft. on Aug. 24, 1935, flowing at the rate of about 400 bbl. per day, 28" gravity oil. The producing horizon in this well consists of about 72 ft. of conglomerate and schist conglomerate situated below the nodular shale (Miocene). The true (or solid) schist (Franciscan) was encountered and penetrated some 20 ft. in the bottom of the hole. This paper gives a report on the history of development and oil production to date, and also submits the writer's interpretation of structural conditions as determined from such development. The limited development, together with the complex and variable nature of the producing horizon, makes any interpretation of the structure at present only tentative, and any forecast for a given well extremely hazardous. History of Oil and Gas Production The El Segundo field has produced approximately 1,920,000 bbl. of oil. It has 27 producing wells and 14 drilling wells or locations. The present daily rate of production is about 13,400 bbl. The production history of the field to date is shown in Table 1. The principal companies operating or owning leases in this field are: Caminol Company, Geo. F. Getty, Inc., Ohio Oil Co., Republic Petroleum Co., Pacific Western Oil Corporation, Royalty Service Corporation, Richfield Oil Corporation, Standard Oil Company of California, The Texas Company, Union Oil Company.

Jan 1, 1938

By K. S. Eric Forssberg, T. V. Subrahmanyam

The present paper deals with the important technological developments in gold processing and where possible, the data is presented in the form of tables. Gold processing methods have evolved to such an extent that low grade and complex ores once considered uneconomic are now becoming viable. Constant efforts are underway to innovate technologies in order to improve the efficiencies and cut down the capital and operating costs. The methods are discussed.

Jan 1, 1988

By Leonard B. Gulbransen, John R. Lewis, W. Martin Fassell, J. Hugh Hamilton

T. E. Leontis (The Dow Chemical Co., Midland, Mich.)—This paper is of particular interest to me because of my own work with F. N. Rhines on the oxidation of magnesium and magnesium alloys a few years ago. The authors are to be complimented on their development of an accurate and reproducible technique for measuring ignition temperatures and on their comprehensive study of the many variables that affect the ignition temperature of magnesium. It is indeed gratifying to see that they have obtained a good correlation between ignition temperatures and the oxidation rates reported by us. The correlation is valid not only with composition within one alloy system but also between alloy systems; that is, alloying elements which effect the greatest increase in oxidation rate also produce the greatest decrease in ignition temperature. There are a few points upon which I would like to comment. In attempting to correlate ignition-temperature data, one must be sure that the same definition of this quantity is used by all investigators. It does not appear to me that such is the case in the authors' comparison of their data with the theoretically calculated values of Eyring and Zwolinski. The equation derived by these investigators defines the ignition temperature, To, as the temperature at the gadoxide interface, whereas the present authors use the metal temperature as the criterion for ignition. The contradiction in the effect of oxide-scale thickness on ignition temperature between the predictions of the Eyring-Zwolinski equation and the observations reported in this paper indicate that some variable has not been taken into consideration. Could that be the geometry and size of the specimen? There is a marked difference in the type of specimen used in this investigation and that used in our work which formed the basis of Eyring and Zwol-inski's theoretical treatment. Another factor which plays an important role in ignition is the vapor pressure or the rate of vaporization. Combustion can safely be assumed to take place in the vapor phase by the reaction between vaporized magnesium and oxygen. Thus, a more accurate theoretical analysis may be made on the basis of the rate of vaporization which may be the controlling rate of the process. The effect of a large number of alloying elements on the ignition temperature has been reported in this paper, but beryllium was not included. Practical experience dictates that beryllium markedly decreases the burning tendency of magnesium. I was wondering if the authors plan to study the effect of beryllium in their future work. The authors predict that concentrations of sulphur dioxide in the furnace atmosphere greater than 5.8 pct would be expected to increase the ignition temperature to values still higher than those they measured. I would like to mention that large concentrations of sulphur dioxide markedly increase the rate of combustion of magnesium once ignition has started. Although it has been shown in the paper that the ignition temperature of magnesium in oxygen increases with increasing sulphur dioxide content up to about 1 to 2 pct, in practice relatively low-melting commercial cast alloys (AZ63A and AZ92A) are being continuously heat treated at temperatures just below the melting point in air containing 0.5 to 0.75 pct SO*. In regard to the change in color of the oxide scale observed on magnesium and magnesium alloys just prior to ignition, I would like to mention that in our work alloying elements were found to color the usually white magnesium oxide even though ignition did not occur. For example, the oxide formed on Mg-A1 alloys was gray, increasing in intensity with aluminum content in the alloy. Finally, I might suggest that the authors indicate their source of the value of 0.8 g per cc for the density of MgO as it is formed on magnesium upon oxidation at elevated temperatures. W. M. Fassell, Jr. (authors' reply)—The comments by Dr. Leontis are very excellent ones and I will attempt to answer them in order. First, the problem of ignition of magnesium is a rather difficult one since many factors are involved. Concerning the comparison of the To in the Eyring-Zwolinski equation, eq 4, with the experimentally determined values, it will be noted that the calculated and experimental values of the ignition temperature in Table I are not self-consistent. In the case of the 1.78 pct A1-Mg alloy the calculated value is 49°C below the experimental value; for the 3.81 pct A1-Mg alloy, 122°C below the experimental value; for Mg with 5x10-' cm film, 19°C above the experimental value; for Mg with 2x10-I cm film, 28 °C below the experimental value. Thus, if it were merely a matter of difference of location of temperature measurement the calculated ignition temperature would always be below the experimental value, the difference being due to the thermal gradient through the oxide film. The possibility of a thermal gradient in the magnesium metal must be considered. From Carslaw and Jaeger,'Y t can be shown that the maximum temperature gradient that could exist between the oxide-metal interface and the center of the sample is of the order of O.Ol°C. The geometry and size of the specimen could certainly have some effect on the ignition temperature. The equation for ignition that has been proposed in reference 14 is of the following type containing terms to account for this and other factors: M dT AHv(T) =Cp--------------\-J(.T—TB) + ZAHl-M A dx where AH is the heat of reaction, v(T) is the velocity of the reaction at temperature, Cp is the heat capacity of sample, M is the mass of sample, A is the area of sample, t is time, J is the total coefficient of heat transfer outward from the reaction zone, TR is the temperature of the bath or furnace, and AH,, is the heat associated with any phase change involved. Prior to the instant of ignition, the vapor pressure of magnesium is of no special significance. After ignition, neither eq 4 nor the above equation is applicable. The actual combination of magnesium cannot safely be assumed to take place in the vapor phase. While experimental data is lacking to support a hypothesis that ignition does or does not occur in the vapor phase, some observation on the pressure ignition experiments may be of interest. At high oxygen pressures, once ignition has occurred, the reaction of magnesium with oxygen approaches near explosive violence, the entire sample being consumed in probably less than 1 sec. At atmospheric pressure it usually requires 15 to 20 sec. Thus it appears that the oxygen concentration becomes the rate determining factor. Further, if burning magnesium is observed through darkened glass (Lincoln Super-visibility Shade No. 12) the magnesium sample is very much hotter than the "smoke" and the outline of the sample is retained perfectly. No "flame" is visible above the metal. No work was done on Mg-Be alloys. We do, however, intend to study this problem in the near future.

Jan 1, 1952

By M. Saghaeian, R. Hejazi, H. Abedini

Vertical ring and Pulsating Wet High Intensity Magnetic Separator (VP-WHIMS) is widely used for week magnetic mineral beneficiation or ferrous impurity removal from non-metallic minerals. Because of the complexity of this machine, mathematical modelling of its process is complicated and time consuming. In this paper, artificial neural network (ANN) and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to evaluate the VP-WHIMS performance and optimize its main operating parameters in beneficiating of the Chadormalu hematite sample. The operational parameters of this magnetic separator are considered as: magnetic field intensity (2500-8500 gauss), pulsating frequency (20-100 %max), ring rotation speed (0.6-4.6 r/min) and slurry concentration (15-35 w/w %). Concentrate grade and recoveries (weight and Fe) are monitored as responses. Centre composite design (CCD) was used for experimental study. Four process variables were set using small CCD. Eight star points (a=±1), eight axial points (a=±2) and five replicates at the centre point (a=0) were chosen as experimental points. In ANN system, the best network topology was obtained as (4-5-3). The weights connection and biases were obtained using batch back propagation (BBP) method for 21 experimental data points. The results indicate that ANN

Jan 1, 2014

By Clifford J. Lewis

The role of calcareous minerals in that area of the environmental improvement program involving the control or elimination of sulfur oxide emissions is discussed, and a new concept in gas scrubbing, rendering possible the use of calcareous rocks more extensively for this purpose, is presented. Calcareous rocks are defined as the more common limestones, consisting essentially of calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate. The effect of magnesium carbonate on the reaction rate of limestones and lime toward sulfur oxides in aqueous scrubbing systems is pointed out. The relative economics of lime- stone versus lime as aqueous scrubbing reagents for sulfur dioxide are indicated.

Jan 1, 1974

By R. A. (Dick) McIvor

"It is important to ensure that the basic mine hoist plant design fundamentals are incorporated into any new mine hoist plant project before detailed design engineering is commenced. Some of the basic design fundamentals to be considered are: hoist rope fleet and flight angles for good hoist rope coiling, hoist rope harmonic frequency study to ensure that the hoist rope does not run at full speed at a rope resonance frequency, head frame and shaft clearance diagrams to establish the optimum positions for the loading and dumping of the shaft conveyances, access in the head frame and shaft collar for hoist rope and shaft conveyance installation and removal. Failure to consider the hoist plant fundamentals before detailed engineering commences will result in extra costs for hoist plant redesign or a significant increase in operating and maintenance costs for the mine due to increased hoist plant downtime to perform tasks and a lower mine operating efficiency. INTRODUCTION The mine hoisting plant is the most critical single line component in the operation of a shaft sinking operation or a permanent installation. Bad decisions in the design and selection of the hoist plant equipment can significantly add to the operating costs and up-time in the operation of the mine. Mine hoisting plant equipment installed costs represent approximately 5 to 8 percent of the capital cost of a new mine, yet price sometimes becomes the deciding factor for procuring the hoist plant components, sometimes selecting used equipment that may compromise the design and maintainability of the mine hoist plant. Mine downtime can cost upwards of $100,000 per hour and it will not take a very long time to eat up all the so-called savings on hoist plant equipment purchases. This paper will provide guidelines for the design, selection, installation and maintenance of mine hoist plant equipment with the objective to having the right mine hoist plant with the highest operational availability and best maintainability. PRELIMINARY DESIGN INFORMATION Before any engineering commences, the following information needs to be obtained to allow the preliminary sizing of the hoist plant equipment: • Shaft depth: The shaft depth will influence the hoist rope selection based on the material and personnel loads anticipated for the mine design. The shaft depth will also influence the maximum speed of the shaft conveyances. • Annual production: The desired annual production will influence the required payload sizing with allowances for maintenance and inspections of the hoist plant equipment."

Jan 1, 2019

By A. Tonejc, A. Bonefacic

As can be seen from the phase diagram A1-W1 the equilibrium solubility of tungsten in aluminum is practically nil at room temperature. By quenching from the liquid state (50,000°C per sec), Varic, Burov, and Kolesnicenko2 obtained A1-W solid solutions up to 0.15 at. pct W. The quenched alloys were in the form of foils, 0.2 to 0.3 mm thick. Considering the results of Duwez and Willens,3 it is obvious that this thickness, which makes impossible a sufficiently rapid quenching, was the main reason for the relatively low content of tungsten dissolved in aluminum found by varic.2 he present note shows that the metastable solubility of tungsten in aluminum can be appreciably extended in aluminum-rich A1-W alloys. The quenching technique and the procedure employed for the preparation of the alloys have been described previously.475 The resulting quenched flakes varied in thickness from 1 to 20 µm from experiment to experiment. However, the measurements of the lattice parameters were carried out only with flakes thinner than 5 µm. The areas of quenched flakes were between 0.1 and 15 mm2. The quenched flakes were placed into a 0.3-mm glass capillary tube which was then mounted in a 114.6-mm-diam Debye-Scherrer camera. Straumanis asymmetric film position and nickel-filtered CuKa radiation were used. The lattice spacings were computed taking X(CuKa1) = 1.54050A for resolved and ?(CuKa) = 1.54178A for unresolved doublets. All specimens were rotated at room temperature, 26o +2°C. The lattice parameters were estimated from extrapolation against the Nelson-Riley function. It was estimated that the error in the lattice parameter of the measurements on a single film lies within +0.0004A for lower and about +0.001A for higher concentrations of tungsten. The lattice parameters of the metastable solid solutions A1-W are plotted vs the concentration of tungsten in Fig. 1 together with the parameters measured by previous investigators.' Each point of the present measurements represents a determination of the lattice spacing on different quenched flakes, for a given concentration of tungsten. With experimental accuracy, the lattice parameters of the metastable solid solutions fall on the straight line passing through the already known data.' As estimated from the uncertainties in the lattice spacings of the solid solutions, the alloys were homogeneous within 0.1 at. pct W. The solubility of tungsten in aluminum-rich A1-W solid solutions obtained by a very rapid quenching technique is increased to about 0.95 at. pct W. This value is 6 times greater than the amount known up to now. -he lattice parameters of the resultant aluminum solid solutions with higher concentrations of tungsten than 0.95 at. pct W did not remain constant AUGER electron spectroscopy has been used to clarify the role of impurities in the embrittlement of AISI 3340 steel. Analysis of fracture surfaces has shown that the embrittled condition is correlated with appreciable antimony segregation at grain boundaries. The low temperature (400" to 600°C) temper embrittlement of low alloy steels containing various combinations of Cr , Ni , Sb , Mn , P , Sn , and As has been examined extensively for many years. General reviews of the area have been made by McMahon1 in 1968, LOW' in 1959, woodfine3 in 1953, and Holloman4 in 1946. Recent work by Low, Stein, Turkalo, and LaForce5 has done much in separating the alloy and

Jan 1, 1970

By H. F. Winham

The history, development, subsurface geology, production, economics and estimated reserves are discussed in this paper. The Magnolia structure is an anticline with a known maximum structural relief at 372 ft., and the areal extent of the producing acreage is 4494 acres. Production is obtained from the Smack-over oölitic lime and 116 successful wells have been drilled. The field, which was developed on 40-acre spacing, has been under strict control. It is believed to be producing with a strong water drive, To date it has produced more than eighteen million barrels and the estimate of ultimate recovery is 220 million barrels. Early History The Magnolia field is in colurnbia County, Arkansas, T. 17 s., R. 19 and 20 W. Various geologists had long been interested in this general area, and as early as 1921, John F. Magale was able to define a surface structure. The first wildcat, one of the first in Columbia County, was drilled in 1923 by Mid-States Oil Co., in sec. 10, T. 17 S., R. 20 W. This well was about 11/2 miles northwest of the Kerlyn oil Company's discovery well and was based on surface geological work done by Jewel and Dobie. Subsequently, several shallow wells that were not carried below the Upper Cretaceous beds were drilled in the immediate area of the discovery well, but none of them contained any commercial showings of oil Or gas. In the latter part of 1935, Elam and Magale (or Southwood) Garrett NO. I was located in sec. 13, T. 17 S., R. 20 W., 3/4 mile east of the discovery well. It was drilled to a total depth of 4018 ft. in the lowermost Glen Rose beds but failed to obtain any showings of oil or gas. Interest had been stimulated in this general area, however, by the discovery of several oil fields, mainly Glen Rose oil production in the Rodessa field in Louisiana in 1935, Smackover lime productioil in Snow Hill in May 1936, production from the Cotton Valley formation in Schuler in 1937, and Smackover lime production from the Buckner field in November 1937. With this background and subsequent seismic work, which was carried on partly because the old shallow wells drilled in the township had shown evidence of closure in the Upper Cretaceous beds, the discovery well, Kerlyn Oil Company's Barnett No. I, Sec. 14, T. 17 S., R. 20 W., was originally projected to a total depth of 6300 ft., to test the equivalents of the Morgan sands of the Cotton Valley series, then producing at Schuler. The well was carried to a depth of 6325 It. and tested the objective beds without finding commercial production. In the meantime, however, one well had found production in the Jones sand and another in the Smaclrover lime at Schuler. Kerlyn immediately made arrangements to deepen the Barnett well to the Smackover lime. The top of the Smackover lime was encountered at 7618 ft. and the well

Jan 1, 1943

By H. F. Winham

The history, development, subsurface geology, production, economics and estimated reserves are discussed in this paper. The Magnolia structure is an anticline with a known maximum structural relief at 372 ft., and the areal extent of the producing acreage is 4494 acres. Production is obtained from the Smack-over oölitic lime and 116 successful wells have been drilled. The field, which was developed on 40-acre spacing, has been under strict control. It is believed to be producing with a strong water drive, To date it has produced more than eighteen million barrels and the estimate of ultimate recovery is 220 million barrels. Early History The Magnolia field is in colurnbia County, Arkansas, T. 17 s., R. 19 and 20 W. Various geologists had long been interested in this general area, and as early as 1921, John F. Magale was able to define a surface structure. The first wildcat, one of the first in Columbia County, was drilled in 1923 by Mid-States Oil Co., in sec. 10, T. 17 S., R. 20 W. This well was about 11/2 miles northwest of the Kerlyn oil Company's discovery well and was based on surface geological work done by Jewel and Dobie. Subsequently, several shallow wells that were not carried below the Upper Cretaceous beds were drilled in the immediate area of the discovery well, but none of them contained any commercial showings of oil Or gas. In the latter part of 1935, Elam and Magale (or Southwood) Garrett NO. I was located in sec. 13, T. 17 S., R. 20 W., 3/4 mile east of the discovery well. It was drilled to a total depth of 4018 ft. in the lowermost Glen Rose beds but failed to obtain any showings of oil or gas. Interest had been stimulated in this general area, however, by the discovery of several oil fields, mainly Glen Rose oil production in the Rodessa field in Louisiana in 1935, Smackover lime productioil in Snow Hill in May 1936, production from the Cotton Valley formation in Schuler in 1937, and Smackover lime production from the Buckner field in November 1937. With this background and subsequent seismic work, which was carried on partly because the old shallow wells drilled in the township had shown evidence of closure in the Upper Cretaceous beds, the discovery well, Kerlyn Oil Company's Barnett No. I, Sec. 14, T. 17 S., R. 20 W., was originally projected to a total depth of 6300 ft., to test the equivalents of the Morgan sands of the Cotton Valley series, then producing at Schuler. The well was carried to a depth of 6325 It. and tested the objective beds without finding commercial production. In the meantime, however, one well had found production in the Jones sand and another in the Smaclrover lime at Schuler. Kerlyn immediately made arrangements to deepen the Barnett well to the Smackover lime. The top of the Smackover lime was encountered at 7618 ft. and the well

Jan 1, 1943