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Consumption and intensity of use trends for twelve metals, by industrial end use, were estimated for 1972 through 198Z. The trends were then forecast through 1993 using standard statistical methods. The intensity of use measure selected is the quantity of metal consumed per constant dollar output of a specific industrial sector. The metals studied were aluminum, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, manganese, nickel, the platinum-group metals, tin, titanium, tungsten, and zinc. Average annual growth rates for the following four of the twelve metal increased from 1972-82 as follows: aluminum, 1.00 percent; platinum-group metals (consisting of platinum, palladium, and iridium), 8.83 percent; titanium, 7.82 percent; and tungsten, 6.09 percent. Consumption. for the remaining eight metals decreased at average annual rates ranging from 0.58 percent (copper) to 5.37 percent (manganese).

Jan 1, 1986

By Sashnee Raja, Mehdi Nemati, Ashley Sissing, Susan T. L. Harrison

"Extreme thermophiles, operating at 65 - 90°C, are finding increasing application in biohydrometallurgy These microorganisms have the advantage of exhibiting better oxidation kinetics in terms of reaction rate and extent of mineral solubilisation. These extreme thermophiles are Archae, characterised by a different cell envelope structure perceived to provide reduced structural strength in comparison to bacterial envelopes, and customised metabolic pathways.The active tank bioleaching process, used for high rate leaching, is conducted in a slurry bioreactor. Here sufficient energy dissipation is required to ensure suspension of the mineral phase as well as to sustain high rates of gas liquid mass transfer. It is well known that subjection to hydrodynamic stress of sufficient magnitude may alter the physiological state of a range of micro-organisms through changed viability (ability of the microbes to grow), metabolic activity and integrity.In this paper, we report on studies carried out to quantify the ability of the extreme thermophile Sulfolobus to withstand the hydrodynamic stress environment generated at high pulp densities in the slurry bioreactor. Both a pyrite system (as a model system) and a chalcopyrite system (as an application) were studied. In laboratory reactor systems, the nature of biological responses to stress induced at high pulp density have been identified in terms of ability of the microbes to grow, their metabolic activity and rate of leaching and cell integrity. Critical operating conditions within the laboratory reactor are identified and the mechanism mediating reduced performance considered."

Jan 1, 2003

By Liam Findlay

Optimizing a production schedule with semi-mobile in-pit crushing & conveyance (IPCC) requires integrating extraction sequence, destination policy, crusher relocation, conveyor layout, and truck fleet investment decisions. An integrated stochastic optimization framework is proposed to produce long-term schedules for mining complexes using multiple semi-mobile IPCC systems. The optimizer selects the crusher locations and designs the conveyor routes from anywhere in the mines. The stochastic framework considers simulated multi-element orebody realizations and manages associated risk. A hybrid metaheuristic based on simulated annealing and evolutionary algorithm is implemented for the optimization. The method is demonstrated using an iron ore mining complex.

Jun 25, 2023

By Eliot J. White

The Bureau of Mines tested cores from 35 wells from 14 oil-producing zones in southern Illinois, southern Indiana, and western Kentucky to determine why rates of water injection were apparently low in some zones. Since these zones contain only minor amounts of clay minerals, it is concluded that permeability reduction results from movement of dislodged silica particles and other material, including the clays, that lines the pores. Both single-phase and two-phase permeability measurements, however, indicated that most samples had only low to moderate water sensitivity, so that permeability reduction due to such particle movement should usually not be of practical significance. The effective permeability to water was considerably lower than the effective permeability to oil during two-phase flow measurements, as is typical of most reservoir rocks. It can be concluded, therefore, that relatively high injection pressures will be required in waterflooding thin zones or zones having low permeabilities.

Jan 1, 1966

By Elmer W. Pehrson

Minerals have played a prominent role in the affairs of man and nations since time immemorial but with the advent of the industrial revolution, expanding use of the products of the mineral kingdom became synonymous with the material progress of mankind. Individuals and business groups have recognized this fact so have been aggressive in searching for and utilizing mineral resources, with notable success. Indeed, their achievements are primarily responsible for the present Machine Age. On the other hand, until recently the body politic has failed to grasp fully the essentiality of minerals although, at times, access to mineral supplies has been an important factor in the political maneuvers of nations. This chapter is concerned primarily with the broader political and economic relationships of mineral resources to the world economy, and with the internal and external actions of nations in the field of minerals. Many factors that condition the mineral economy of regions and the world as a whole, influence the internal and external affairs of individual nations. The more important of these are: 1. The nature of man's dependence on minerals. 2. The problems resulting from the unique characteristics of mineral occurrence. 3. Geopolitical concepts. 4. Minerals and world power. Actions of individual nations affecting their mineral economy seek two basic objectives: 1. Attainment and maintenance of prosperity. 2. Military security. Other objectives may be cited but on careful analysis they become integral parts or extreme phases of the two points noted above. For example, the twentieth century aggressions of the USSR, Germany, Italy, and Japan might be considered as direct bids for world power but they also can be interpreted as exaggerated or mistaken efforts toward military security and peacetime prosperity. Similarly, trade barriers, nationalization of industries, foreign exchange manipulations, taxation, monopolistic prac-

Jan 1, 1964

By Arpana P. Sabu, Themis Vaxevanis, Sissy Nikolaou, Guillermo Diaz-Fanas

Geo-failures from extreme events (landslides, wild fires, earthquakes, floods, etc.) have increased exponentially in recent years around the world and within the USA. When catastrophic failures occur, they usually involve hundreds of fatalities especially in cases of unexpected triggering events, such as large intensity earthquakes or heavy flash floods. Protective actions against identified potential geohazards can mitigate the associated risks and the future occurrences and prevent these occurrences from becoming disasters, targeting the essence of resilience in geotechnical engineering. Imaging and other virtual design and construction tools can be used to identify weaknesses that trigger geohazards and can, in combination with numerical simulations, guide decision making. In spatially distributed problems, 3D visualization and LiDAR-type of technologies are essential in providing geotechnical engineers a deeper understanding of precarious soil zones and support finding appropriate solutions. This paper will present the value of using virtual design and construction technologies though the case study of the Iztapalapa suburb of Mexico, about 20 km southeast of Mexico City. Iztapalapa was developed within irregular topography and has a long history of severe soil subsidence. Following the 2017 Puebla-Morelos earthquake, the town experienced large settlements resulting in extensive damage to the already frail buildings and unregulated infrastructure. The soil subsidence was visualized by mapping available historic and geotechnical data. The visualization helped to identify areas where additional investigations were needed. Additionally, this paper presents a case study of a series of landslides from the 2016 Mw7.8 Muisne Ecuador Earthquake, which demonstrates the advantages of using novel technologies to collect data and create cloud datasets from drones and digital photos to understand and evaluate geo-vulnerabilities in anticipation of an extreme event and during rapid reconnaissance to plan for long-term instrumentation, which can enhance geo-disaster prevention and overall community resilience. INTRODUCTION Iztapalapa is a southeastern borough of Mexico City (CDMX) located within the Mexico Basin (Figure 1). This borough is a densely populated area of CDMX with a total of 1.8 million inhabitants, and has a third of its population living in poverty (Gonzalez-Hernandez et al., 2015) with limited to no access to clean drinking water. Iztapalapa also suffers from high rates of crime, drug trafficking, sex trade and illegal buildings. As the population continues to grow, the already non-regulated and fatigued infrastructure is unable to meet the community needs, especially during and after natural hazard occurrences. The region of CDMX is one of the world’s most seismically active regions that is also exposed to other geo-hazards such as floods, volcanic eruptions, and continuous settlement due to water pumping that has reached 11 meters over the past 100 years (Nikolaou et al, 2019). While the soil subsidence alone has caused significant infrastructure damage in Iztapalapa and throughout the rest of the city, recent earthquakes have also contributed to those damages.

Jan 1, 2019

Pyrometallmurgical reactors constitute a key processing component in the total primary and secondary resource cycle, being involved both in primary smelting, converting and extraction, as well as the reprocessing of scrap, from aluminum cans to end-of-life automobiles. To effectively control the overall resource cycle, one needs to take a systems modeling approach of the whole cycle, seeking to also understand the dynamic process behavior of the individual components of the cycle, and then especially the part that contributes most to the chemical conversion, namely the pyrometallurgical reactor. This paper highlights the role of pyrometallurgical thermodynamics, in the whole resource cycle and specifically places equilibrium thermochemistry in the context of process dynamics where large variable inventories are recycled or maintained within the system. This paper will therefore review the semi-empirical dynamic modeling tools, which are used to model complex systems with the specific goal of developing dynamic predictive models, which also include slag-alloy chemistry, towards controlling the recycling in a feed forward manner. To illustrate the primary processing side, high carbon ferrochrome will be presented as a brief case study. It also will show how the distributed nature of the chemistry of melts in the case of primary extraction, and secondary materials such as recycled end-of-life vehicles, have a significant impact on the process outcomes and model predictions. It is therefore argued that the fundamental thermodynamics and kinetics in metallurgical reactors playa final crucial role in modeling the closed material cycle, but only when it is used in conjunction with process systems theory based on reconciled data for parameter estimation and model calibration.

Jan 1, 2003

By Wolfgang Baum

Case studies from epithermal gold-silver deposits in the western United States and in Latin America show that the routine use of process-related mineralogical studies has become an important tool for the reduction of development, capital and operating costs. Bypassing the mineralogical characteristics of epithermal gold-silver ores, as a result of fast-track development approaches, has resulted in multimillion dollar metal losses and/or in considerable modification costs of existing operations.

Jan 1, 1988

By William B. Plank

NEVER before have so many men chosen the mineral technology field for their college training. In the college year 1936-'37, 7190 such students were enrolled in the 53 schools of the United States. My last study of the mineral technology schools of the United States and Canada was made for the year -1934-'35, and the current study, as the previous one was made for the A.I.M.E. under the auspices of the Division of Mineral Industry Education. Altogether, four studies of enrollment have been made. The first three were for successive college years beginning with 1932-'33. This present one covers a two-year period, for the purpose of these studies may he served satisfactorily if they are made biannually. The data on the schools were collected in the same way as for former studies, 'namely, by questionnaire, dated in this case Nov. 18, 1936. The figures reported are therefore comparable with those of former cars.

Jan 1, 1937

By I. Silin, H. Wotruba, J. Huben, A. Ognyanova

"With increasing shortage of raw materials, the beneficiation of ultra-fine ores will play a larger role in the near future. Many established process technologies do not yield satisfactory separation results for ultra-fine materials. Without selectivity, high-grade concentrates cannot be produced. The material at hand is a taconite which had to be ground to d(90) = 25 µm to guarantee liberation of the iron oxides. The comminution was done by High Pressure Grinding Roll (HPGR) and resulted in smooth surfaces and clear grain boundaries. This is an indication of selective grinding and mineral liberation. Further processing steps included selective desliming, magnetic separation as well as reverse flotation. INTRODUCTION During the last centuries, the processing of iron ores became increasingly important. The coarse-grained, so-called lump ores that are ready for direct usage in blast furnaces without further processing are becoming gradually less abundant. The processing of ultra-fine-grained ores, which in addition require a complex ore beneficiation due to the composition of the material, will progressively gain relevance with increasing resource shortages in the future (Arvidson, 2013). The term “ultra-fine” does not hold a precise definition in mineral processing. In this paper, “ultra-fine-grained” ores are defined by the required grind size for full liberation smaller than 20 µm. Many established mineral processing technologies do not yield satisfactory separation results for ultra-fine materials. Thus, they are limited in their application to produce high-grade concentrates suitable for sintering and pelletizing for direct reduction processes. The production of a high-grade iron concentrate (over 68% Fe) with low silica content (under 2.5% SiO2) is possible from both magnetite and hematite containing ore. In addition to the mineral processing technologies (magnetic and gravity separation, flotation), technologies for the liberation of fine-grained iron ores need to be developed and improved. In contrast to the conventional wet grinding circuit by means of tumbling mills, several future trends in dry and wet grinding and regrinding are already in use. These include technologies such as vibration mills (Palla®Mill), stirred media mills (Vertimill®), vertical roller mills (Loesche) and high-pressure grinding rolls (HPGR) (Jankovic, 2015). This study preliminary investigated the mineral processing of a low-grade, ultra-fine-grained, complex iron ore in a laboratory scale after dry grinding by HPGR to 90% < 25 µm without consideration of the grinding, milling, energy and classification cost."

Jan 1, 2018

By Pedro Jorge Walburga Keglevich de Buzin

Steel production process generates waste, among which is the electric arc furnace dust (EAFD). This waste has varying amounts of zinc, which is principally contained in the minerals zincite (ZnO) and franklinite (Fe2ZnO4). The presence of Zn is capable of economically motivating the recycling of this residue and facilitating the co-processing of the remaining material. The zinc content in EAFD and the presence of zincite, however, have significant influence on the application of hydrometallurgical recovery processes (economic alternatives to the Waelz process). In this study, based on the computational thermodynamic tool FactSage, theoretical considerations are made on the conditions for the formation of zinc-containing minerals found in EAFD. Through thermodynamic analysis, the best conditions for obtaining a high fraction of ZnO were analyzed, which favor the hydrometallurgical processes for EAFD treatment. A classification of dust depending on the phases present in the EAFD is suggested as a guide for the feasibility analysis for the use of a hydrometallurgical process.

Jul 30, 2018

By Lawrence G. Houk

Lithium is the lightest of all metals, but as it deteriorates rapidly in air it has no structural applications. Alloys of lithium that will float upon water can be made with other light metals, but these ultralight alloys are not useful in aircraft production or elsewhere at present. Alone or alloyed with alkaline earth meals, lithium acts as reining agent on molten metals, and as a minor constituent with other metals it imparts characteristic properties to the allay. Lithium compounds have somewhat wider application in commerce than either the metal or the alloys. They are used in the glass, ceramic, chemical, and air-conditioning industries and less extensively in the optical, pharmaceutical, electrical, and textile industries. The United States is the leading producer anti consumer of lithium ores and compounds and apparently has the largest known ore reserves. The value of lithium ores and primary chemical byproducts produced is relatively small, yet the lithium chemical industry yields products worth hundreds of thousands of dollars each year, owing partly to the high degree of purity demanded by the trade for most finished products and to the low combining weight of lithium. Fortunately, the low-grade ores can now be concentrated economically, and this fact, together with our extensive reserves, assures adequate supplies to meet any reasonable increase in demand. Lithium is listed as essential by both the American and British war agencies, and its military importance may be greatly enhanced.

Jan 1, 1942

By S. A. Briggs

Bioremediation has been accepted as a treatment technique for groundwater contamination in subsurface soils and shows promise for contaminated fractured rock environments. Biological growth in fractured rock is expected to occur predominantly as biofilms attach to the fracture surfaces. Biofilms in rock fractures are subject to a complex system of forces and other phenomenon due to the dynamics of the bulk fluid in which they grow. In this paper, through the applications of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to rock fractures, where the boundaries are rough and the flow is complex, a precise analysis was conducted of the interaction of a fluid flow and the rock fracture. Specifically, hydraulic parameters and velocity profiles of an actual rock fracture were calculated and compared to a fracture of equivalent aperture. From the analysis it is clear that it is important to use more complex models such as the Lattice Boltzmann Method used is this paper to describe fracture flow.

May 1, 2009

By A. A. Lavrinenko

There are discussed the possibilities of using of flotation tailings of platinum-copper-nickel sulfide ores of the Norilsk region for the preparation of backfill mixture instead of a specially produced rock and binder materials to reduce the cost of stowing operations and impact on the environment. It is shown that due to the presence in the tailings of flotation up to 10% of sulfide sulphur, which reduces the strength of the fill materials, and more than 1 g/t PGM it is necessary the preliminary extraction of the sulfides in the product for further processing that give an opportunity to reduce the losses of valuable components. It is shown that by the flotation of the current tailings it is possible to extract 91% of sulfide sulphur, 60% of palladium and 30% platinum in 17% sulfide concentrate containing 2.1 g/t palladium, and to reduce the sulphur content in the tailings up to 0.7%. Due to the easy oxidation of pyrrhotite, there is recommended fractional delivery of the collector with a total consumption 200 g/t. There are discussed results of the flotation study with an additional collector of PGM (sodium diizobutyditiophosfinate), which one show the possibility to increase extraction of platinum on 45%, as well as extraction of sulphur and palladium. For the flotation of sulfides and PGM from the current tailings there is recommended a combination of collectors for primary flotation and only butyl xanthate using in control operations. The possibility of using sludge fraction of the current tailings as a component for the preparation of the combined cementing materials after exposure of sulfides is analyzed. It is shown that the efficiency of the flotation of sulfides from this fraction can be enhanced using selective flocculants. There are discussed the advantages of implementation of completely hydrophobic butadiene-styrene copolymer in comparison with partially hydrophobic polymers. There is discussed an efficiency of the mechanochemical treatment of old tailings in turbo mill and sulphuric acid to remove oxide films from the surface of pyrrhotite before its flotation. Due to the pretreatment operation there is achieved increasing of sulphur extraction and after the introduction to the flotation circuit three control operations there is produced the fill material with sulphur content 2.5%. Keywords: tailings, copper-nickel ore, pyrrhotite, butyl xanthate, sodium diisobutyl dithiophosphinate, selective flocculation, butadiene-styrene copolymer, mechanochemical treatment

Sep 1, 2012

By Angelina Anani, Nilufer K. B. Akbulut, Sefiu O. Adewuyi

Crucial information about safety, design and operation from ground movement data can be utilized in underground mines. Communicating the information and exploring new findings can be a challenge, however, in a decade where there is an ever-increasing volume and velocity of data due to advancements in mining technologies. This challenge escalates for geotechnical data as they are multidimensional, depending on the space and the rate at which they take place. To tackle this challenge, geotechnical engineers should focus on using simple yet compelling visualization of rock mass data in 3D. Competent visualizations of ground conditions as a trigger action and response plan (TARP) could ease the communication of safety concerns and the exploration of rock mass displacement and strain surrounding an opening at an underground mine. Therefore, this study focuses on using scientific visualization methods by rendering geotechnical data over the surface of a 3D mesh model to display TARP levels. The study was conducted at the East Decline of the San Xavier (SX) Underground Mine, a laboratory mine operated by the University of Arizona. The project aims to produce visualizations that optimize the use of geotechnical data in near-real time.

Sep 1, 2025

By Hillary Williams, Ronghao Li, Christopher Marion, Kristian E. Waters, Devin Hundt

"Zircon is an important mineral for ceramic, foundry, casting, and refractory applications; and it is the worlds primary source for zirconium. Zircon can also contain large and valuable proportions of other valuable metals, such as rare earth elements and hafnium. The Nechalcho deposit (Northwest Territories, Canad), is a hard rock REE deposit, which looks to recover zircon for its Zr and REE content. In this deposit, zircon is finely disseminated and associated with predominately silicate gangue minerals. Most of the work to date has focused on the beneficiation of mineral sand deposit, which typically remove silicate gangue minerals through physical separation steps. Therefore, the separation of zircon from silicate gangue, such as quartz, by flotation, has received little attention. This work used zeta potential measurements and microflotation experiments to understand the interaction between zircon and six different collectors (sodium oleate, sodium dodecyl sulphate, dodecylamine, SM 15, K-octyl hydroxamate and Florrea 7510). The results were compared with those of quartz. This study indicated that selective separation of zircon from quartz without the use of selective depressants or activators is likely challenging. The findings suggested sodium oleate and SM 15 only offered selective flotation of zircon in highly acidic conditions. Separation by the flotation of quartz is possible using sodium dodecyl sulphate, dodecylamine and K-octylhydroxamate. However, selective separation is highly dependant on collector dosage, for dodecylamine, and the selective activation of quartz, for sodium dodecyl sulphate and K-octyl hydroximate. Florrea 7510 offered poor recoveries for both zircon and quartz.INTRODUCTIONZircon (ZrSiO2) is a nesosilicate mineral which has a wide variety of applications, due to its hardness, opaqueness and resistance to heat and corrosion. Its major end uses are in ceramic, foundry, casting, and refractory applications (Bedinger, 2017). Zircon is also the most abundant zirconium (Zr) bearing mineral in the earths crust and is the principal economic source of Zr (primarily used in alloys for heat and corrosion resistance) and zirconia (ZrO2) (primarily used in ceramics) (Bedinger, 2017; Milnes and Fitzpatrick, 1989). Zircon forms in silicate melts and can often contain large proportions of other valuable metals such as rare earth elements (REE), and hafnium (zircon is the primary source of hafnium) (Bedinger, 2017; Belousova et al., 2002; Orlova, 2007). A common chemical formula showing the range of substitution in zircon is (Zr,Hf,Th,U,REE,Ca,Fe,Nb,Ta)(Si,P)O4 (Orlova, 2007)."

Jan 1, 2018

By D Gagnon, P Bouchard, F Vanier, E Soares de Lima Filho, J El-Haddad, M Sabsabi, G J. Wilkie, A Beauchesne, A Hamel, A Blouin, T Vaillancourt, F Boismenu, A Harhira, A Plugatyr, C Padioleau

Quantitative mineralogy is an established discipline in the geosciences and is aimed at providing mineral grade and texture information for geological and mineral processing applications. The two core technologies underpinning Quantitative Mineralogical Analysis (QMA) are Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) in combination with Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). Technologies such as QEMSCAN and MLA are now routinely used to optimise the performance of large-scale mineral processing plants in the base and precious metal sectors. One of the major disadvantages of the QMA methods used today is extensive sample preparation requirements which make application of this technique to real-time mineralogical characterization not feasible. A breakthrough has been achieved by the National Research Council Canada in collaboration with CRC ORE by developing a novel Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) based technology capable of real-time mineralogical characterization of process streams without sample preparation. The potential applications of this technology include, but not limited to, in-pit muck piles, underground draw points, cross-belt analysis as well as slurries. This paper describes the development of the LIBS-based technology from a proof-of-concept (TRL2) to the construction of a prototype sensor and its validation in a simulated environment (TRL5). Future work is being planned to test and further validate the LIBS sensor on a mine-site which will progress the technology to its next readiness level (TRL6).

Nov 10, 2020

By Jacek Paraszczak

For mining companies facing strong international competition and unfavorable commodities? prices, automation of underground operations has got a potential to increase productivity and help cut cost. However, despite considerable technological progress in this field, there still remain some problems to overcome. Furthermore, a success implementation of automation depends also on numerous operational, organizational and even human factors. In this context, this paper reviews briefly a technological progress with regard to different underground operations. Following that, several issues related to implementation of automated equipment and systems are presented and discussed. Particular emphasis is put on the factors whose importance is sometimes underestimated. Some recommendations in this respect are also given. It is stated that a success of an automation project is a function of many ?winning conditions?, which may be created through a very thorough planning and preparation. It is also underlined that despite achievements made, a vision of a man-less underground mine is not yet a question of near future as it may seem.

May 1, 2001

By Richard McCaffery

WHEN we began the study of blast furnace slags we limited our work at first to a study of those slags containing only lime, alumina and silica. In our paper1 on some of the results of this first work, the solubility of. sulfur in slags containing no magnesia was reported and the question of sulfur solubility and slag viscosity discussed. There has been, for a long time, a very great difference of opinion among metallurgists as to .the effect of magnesia in blast furnace slags, and the literature is full of expressions of the most contrary opinions on the subject. As a result, our next publication2 developed the constitution of slags considered as a four-component system, silica-alumina-lime-magnesia, and advanced an explanation of slag structure which accorded with the facts and with scientific theory. The present paper continues our study of the general subject of slags. As blast furnace slags are included in the silica-alumina-lime-magnesia system, which is a particular case of four-component solutions, we have determined that there are 22 components (Table 1), which may enter into the silica-alumina-lime-magnesia system and that 10 or 12 of these components may be present in blast furnace slags which are within the ordinary ranges of composition. To have a very definite conception of the behavior of these components in a slag, we have developed the theory of the cooling of a four-component solution from the liquid state to the solid and the conclusions that we obtained have been made use of in this paper. On account of the importance of the four oxides and 18 compounds which enter into the silica-alumina-lime-magnesia system, some method of calculating the percentages of the various compounds that are present in the slag when the percentages of the oxides are given, seemed very desirable and we develop a method later herein for doing this, and finally we give illustrations of

Jan 10, 1926

By John J. Sammarco

The U.S. Bureau of Mines is conducting research into computer-assisted mining, which requires investigation of new techniques for development and application of computer-based technologies. Today&apos;s technology can require significant effort in software development, as has become evident in the early stages of this Bureau research. Technologies for software automation, such as computer-aided software engineering (CASE), are available. This report explores CASE, its general features, and its importance in software development. Information is presented to assist in selection and application of the variety of CASE tools and methods for automating various stages of software development. When evaluating CASE for use, it is important to examine tools that support an organization&apos;s existing methods of software development. Support for existing hardware platforms must also be examined. Merely selecting a "good" CASE tool does not insure success. Thorough evaluation of implementing CASE is also critical. Subjects to evaluate for CASE implementation include organization culture, support from management and end users, training resources, and pilot projects. Organizations that benefit the most from CASE evaluate CASE features with respect to their needs and they properly implement CASE.

Jan 1, 1990