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Thermal method of diagnostic as a nondestructive monitoring is based on data logging of infrared radiation from heated surface or from the associated thermal field. Monitoring of gearcases and motors hidden faults, such as, bearing degradation (deep-seated wears and tears, fretting wear, spalling and jamming solids of revolution) is closely related to high variations in temperature. The use of portable thermal imaging devices provides considerable advantages due to: easy remote access to the unit under test even when it is operating; minimum time required to obtain information and an opportunity for a real-time diagnosis of the tested subject's condition.

Dec 6, 2010

South Africa?s now a member of this body, tailored on the World Bank, and headquartered in Abidjan-Cote d'Ivoire. As a funding agency for capital projects within 59 member countries of the ADB it is to be expected that there are guidelines to the requirements for funding application and for project management and control.

Jan 1, 1996

By Andrey V. Tarasov

To carry out a physicochemical substantiation of a transition to ?soft? modes of reduction of calcine obtained by desulfurizing roasting of nickel concentrate produced as a result of copper-nickel converter matte separation in a nickel anode production circuit, an analysis has been conducted of the macrokinetic behavior of actual calcine samples in the presence of gaseous H2-CO mixtures and solid reductant additives. Within a temperature range of 900°C to 1100°C the main regularities typical of the calcine reduction process with individual gases (H2, CO) also take place when using a gaseous mixture. Under the conditions of low-temperature (900°C to 1000°C) nickel oxide reduction with products of fuel oil conversion in the presence of coke, the role of the latter is insignificant from the technological viewpoint. As a result of the present investigations, we have obtained analytical expressions of macrokinetic parameters of the reaction interaction within the [NiO] calcine-H2-CO-C-CO2-H2O-O2-N2 system.

Jan 1, 2005

By William Paxton Hewitt

In the Santa Eulalia mining district, Chihuahua, Mexico, the main mineral zone occurs in a gently warped dome with simple associated structures and contains orebodies distributed through a vertical range of over 900 m. The stratigraphy of 1945 m of geologic column is described and an abrupt shrinkage is documented in the volume of limestones immediately associated with large orebodies. Termed collapse, this shrinkage occurred during the course of mineralization. Contacts of limestone with igneous sills, and 366 m of fossiliferous limestone beds, particularly the main fossil bed, have been important localizers of ore-bodies. Up-dip gravitational controls may have been important. Fractures have exerted only local controls and over short distances. Thrust zones have displaced diabase sills and in turn have been intruded by upper members of a group of rhyolite porphyry sills. Mineralizers were related to the rhyolite porphyry, and ore has been introduced to the limestone where certain sills lie between the displaced segments of diabase and have been cut by north-south fissures. Speculations are raised that fields of unreleased strain may have influenced orebody locations; the district's zoning pattern may be a reflection of the filtering effects of large volumes of limestone; and that metal-rich brines mobilized by or incorporated within the invading porphyry might be the source of the mineralizers. PRODUCTION AND LOCATION The Santa Eulalia district has a production record approaching or exceeding 35 million tons of silver-lead-zinc ore from replacement bodies in limestone. In operation since the first years of the 17001s, production has been confined to two intensely mineralized areas separated by 2 km of barren limestone, the West Camp and the East Camp. Probably 50% has been mined since 1908, with over 90% from the West Camp. The West Camp, exploited through a vertical depth of 1945 m and now approaching exhaustion, is the subject of this paper. The district lies in the northern part of the Santa Eulalia Mountains in central Chihuahua in northern Mexico, 400 km south of El Paso, Texas, and 22 km southeast of Chihuahua City. Dominating the northern part of the range is the Cerro de Santa Eulalia, a broad rolling upland which contains the district's West and East Camps. The West Camp, on the west side of the range, centers around the village of Santo Domingo, which is 2 km northeast of the Real de Santa Eulalia (Fig. 1). REGIONAL GEOLOGY Thick-bedded middle Cretaceous limestones, probably Aurora, form the great bulk of the Cerro de Santa Eulalia. These beds, warped into a gentle dome, are severed on the west by a faultline scarp and truncated on the north by the Dolores Pass, a wind gap that

Jan 1, 1969

By R. L. Wise

Heat content studies were conducted on burned shale, spent shale, and three grades of raw oil shale from the Green River Formation. Corrections were made for product enthalpies. The results were compared with previous work, indicating good agreement below retorting temperatures, but some differences at retorting temperatures. A general equation was developed relating heat content to oil-shale grade and temperature.

Jan 1, 1971

By G Chitombo, G Lewis

The knowledge of the expected run of mine (ROM) fragmentation during the feasibility study of a green field site is essential for the design of downstream crushing and milling processes. However,the prediction of blast fragmentation can be a challenging process due to the uncertainty related to the blast design and rock mass parameters. In general,a number of possible blast designs are considered in a feasibility study,with factors such as bench height and blasthole diameter influencing the design. Rock mass parameters are normally derived from a limited number of geotechnical diamond drill cores. Although diamond drill core can provide detailed information concerning intact rock strength (unconfined compressive strength and point load),it provides limited structural information to predict the in situ block size distribution of the rock mass. The in situ block size is an essential input to the prediction of the fragmentation distribution, in particular the coarse end. This paper outlines the methodology of blast fragmentation modeling undertaken for a green field feasibility study at the Riska gold deposit in Indonesia. The favoured milling process for the feasibility study was dump leaching,with no crushing of the ore material extracted from the pit. For this reason,blast fragmentation was a critical issue to be addressed by the study. A range of blast designs were considered with bench heights and blasthole diameters ranging from 4 m to 7 m and 76 mm to 102 mm respectively. Rock mass data was obtained from 19 diamond drill cores across the deposit (total drill length approximately 2200 m). Intact rock strength was estimated from qualitative strength descriptors,while the in situ block size distribution of the rock mass was estimated from the Rock Quality Designation (RQD) of the core. The methodology of fragmentation prediction involved a number of steps including the estimation of rock mass parameters from diamond drillhole data including the estimation of the in situ block size, delineation of blast domains within the deposit,and the assessment of the impact of various blast design parameters and rock mass variation on the predicted fragmentation distribution. The modelling process for the Riska green field site highlighted the need for additional rock mass data to be collected post feasibility stage and once the development of the mine commenced.

Jan 1, 2004

By Cosmin Carpinisan, Erich J. Hofmann, Stephen J. Hall

"Since presenting a technical paper regarding their unique capabilities in Forged Steel Mill Gearing at the SAG-2006 Conference, Australian heavy engineering company Hofmann Engineering has pioneered a number of new manufacturing processes and design concepts for components of large comminution equipment. These include: 1. Novel design improvements for HPGR Rolls with forged steel tyres and a unique patented tungsten carbide insert designed to improve wear life, enhance autogenous layer build-up, and to reduce breakage & chipping under load. 2. Development of forged fabricated Mill Heads using rolled & welded high-tensile steel plate as alternatives to cast conical mill heads. 3. Insitu Girth Gear measurements for profile and wear via portable 6-axis CMM. 4. Gear and Pinion designs to AGMA-6114 for SAG mills of 38’-40’ diameter to 24MW and for Ball Mills of 26’ diameter to 18MW. The paper presents case studies from the Australian heavy manufacturing facilities of Hofmann Engineering, combined with news of their new gear manufacturing and gearbox overhaul facility in Canada."

Jan 1, 2012

ALABAMA Anniston.-Carrington, F. G. Auburn.-Brown, R. L. Battelle.-Green, G. G. Bessemer.-Abbott, C. E. Dobbs, G. G. Ferguson, V. Birmingham.-Adams, J. H. Aldrich, T. H. Aldrich, T. H., Jr. Allen, A. W. Bonnyman, J. Bowron, J. Bush, M. W. Crawford, G. G. Crockard, F. H. Ellis, E. E. Fairbairn, C. T. Gallacher, J. Geismer, H. S.

Jan 1, 1917

By R. P. Plewman

The Chemical, Metallurgical and Mining Society, from which The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy is descended, had as its coat-of-arms a green shield with a very flat gold chevron dividing the field into two. A crossed pick and shovel occupied the lower half, and an alembic (distilling vessel) and a flaming crucible occupied the top half.

Jan 1, 1982

ALABAMA Auburn.-Brown, R. L. Battelle.-Green, G. G. Bessemer.-Abbott, C. E. Dobbs, G. G. Ferguson, V. Birmingham.-Aldrich, T. H. Aldrich, T. H., Jr. Allen, A. W. Bonnyman, J. Bowron, J. Crawford, G. G. Crockard, F. H. Ellis, E. E. Fairbairn, C. T. Gambrill, G. T., Jr. Geismer, H. S. Hiller, E. McCormack, G. B. Maben, J. C.

Jan 1, 1917

President AIRS. THOMAS T. READ 9 Windmill Lane Scarsdale, N. Y. First Vice-President AIRS. THORNE E. LLOYD 14 Green Hill Road Morristown, N. J. Second Vice President MRS. FRED SEARLS. JR. 1 Gracie Square New York. N. Y. Third Vice-President, MRS. WARREN J. MEAD 88 Rutledge Rd. Belmont Mass. Fourth Vice-President MRS. EDWIN LETTS OLIVER 60 King Avenue Piedmont, Calif.

Jan 1, 1943

By F. M. Benavides

This paper presents recent developments in federal environmental regulations, which in the view of the author, affect mining and the mineral processing industries. This is a summary of activities by the administration, congress and regulatory agencies during 1990. The information presented is a recap from material published. The emphasis is given to Air Quality regulations, although other environmental concerns are reviewed.

Jan 1, 1991

By Stuart McHugh, Douglas Keough

INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND Because of the potential for large reserves from increased production in the eastern Devonian shales, the Department of Energy (DOE), Morgantown Energy Technology Center (METC) selected these materials for the application and evaluation of existing and novel well stimulation techniques. One technique selected for further study was pulse tailoring, or tailored pulse loading, i.e., shaping the input borehole pressure history to produce a specific fracture pattern and to increase communication with the reservoir. The complexity and expense of in-situ mineback experiments prohibits direct evaluation of pulse tailoring in various geologic formations. An alternative approach used by SRI International consisted of evaluating fracture enhancement by computational simulations with supporting laboratory experiments and using data from field tests by other agencies to validate the computational model (McHugh and Keough, 1980). Laboratory experiments were conducted on core samples to determine fracture phenomenology and parameters and to verify material properties. The fracture parameters were obtained from posttest measurements of fracture distributions and correlation with stresses calculated by a wave propagation code. Model development was guided by these experiments and similar experiments in various materials performed by other agencies. The validity of the modeling, parameters, and scaling was evaluated by comparing fracture patterns from field tests with calculational simulations.

Jan 1, 1982

A sinter plant baghouse dust has been treated as a hazardous solid waste, and disposed at a very high price. A series of leaching tests were conducted to examine the possibility to produce high grade potassium chloride from the solid waste. It is found that around 40% of the solid wastes can dissolve into water, and a deposit with more than 90% KCl can be produced after simply drying the solution.

Jan 1, 2009

By Zhao-cheng Liu

Iron oxide red pigment powders of high quality were synthesized from pyrite cinders. Iron ox-ide red pigment powders were synthesized by hydrothermal method from the precursor of Fe(OH)3 and Fe(OH)2 colloid, which were obtained after ammonia solution reacted with acidic leaching solution produced by the reaction of pyrite cinders with sulfuric acid. Effects of reaction concentration, reaction temperature, reaction time, pH value and n(Fe2+)/n(Fe3+) on main properties of oxide iron red were studied by experiments. The prepared particles were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope(SEM). The results revealed that the synthesized iron oxide red particles were _-Fe2O3 and pseudocubic with particle size of 0.50~0.75µm. Furthermore, the quality of iron oxide red pigment powders reached the first grade of national standard (GB1863-89 ).

Jan 1, 2009

By Ted H. Eyde

The Bowie chabazite deposit has yielded the most mined tonnage of any natural zeolite deposit in the United States. Since 1962 the deposit has yielded about 12,000 tons of crude chabazite, with an estimated market value of S30 million when sold as an activated molecular -sieve product. Between 1,000 and 1,500 tons of high-purity crude lump chabazite is now produced annually by stripping and selectively mining the lower, massive, half-foot-thick, "high-grade" bed. All of the chabazite is still shipped out of State for grinding prior to extrusion and activation. Zeolite minerals were discovered at the Bowie deposit in 1875, when Oscar Lowe identified a hydrous silicate related to chabazite or stilbite from a tuff bed that cropped out in the San Simon Valley. It was not until 1959, however, that chabzite, erionite, and clinoptilolite were positively identified as the principal constituents of an altered vitric-tuff horizon that crops out in the area originally described by Lowe. Shortly after the rediscovery of zeolite minerals in the San Simon Valley, several of the major producers of synthetic zeolites acquired land positions covering the outcrops, including projected extensions, and began exploration drilling. By 1980 all of the known chabazite reserves had been acquired by five companies and two individuals. The more than 3,000 holes drilled to explore the deposit and the excellent exposures provided by the strip-mined areas indicate that the chabazite-bearing horizon (known as the marker tuff) is confined to a flat-lying lacustrine section known to the operators as the Green Lake Beds. The deposition of the parent airborne vitric ash and subsequent zeolitic alteration was controlled by many factors, including the lake-bottom topography, depth and cation content of the saline-alkaline lake water, and proximity to post-depositional erosion surfaces. Zeolitic alteration was complete when an extensive system of younger paleochannels deeply eroded the Green Lake Beds. This left only a few erosional remnants of the marker tuff and the lower "high-grade-bed" that constitute the present deposit. Both the channel gravels and the Green Lake Beds are overlain by a section of halite-bearing brown mud-stones, known as the Brown Lake Beds. The bowie chabazite deposit can be used as a model to guide the exploration and development of other zeolite deposits that formed in saline-alkaline lacustrine environments.

Jan 1, 1987

By T. E. Swigart, C. E. Beecher

The Federal Government, as the largest lessor of oil and gas lands in the United States, is vitally interested in the conservation of those resources. This manual has been prepared at the direction of the Secretary of the Interior to call the attention of lessees of public oil and gas lands to the most common oil and gas field wastes and the best methods of preventing them; to outline the policies of the Interior Department on field operations; and to give information as to how the "Operating Regulations" of the department will be interpreted by the Bureau of Mines. The oil industry has progressed steadily. Present operating methods are much more efficient-and less wasteful-than those of a few years ago; moreover, the art of producing oil and gas is continually advancing. Public interest requires that improved methods, which will result in obtaining the greatest possible amounts of oil and gas from the natural deposits, shall be developed and used. Part I of this manual points out types of oil and gas wastes and suggests, in detail or by reference, the most practical and effective methods in current practice for stopping these wastes. Throughout Part I the department's operating policy is given, with interpretations of the "Operating Regulations" for enforcing every practical measure of conservation. Part II comprises the revised "Operating Regula-tions" which supersede all previous regulations and will govern future operations on public lands; it will be found in the pocket in the back cover of this bulletin.

Jan 1, 1923

By Mary E. Cocklan-Vendl

Regulatory processes associated with development of major mining operations in Alaska and British columbia were evaluated using specific case studies. Included were one hard rock mine in Alaska (Red Dog Mine), one hard rock mine In British Columbia (Snip Mine), and one offshore gold dredging project in Alaska (WestGold SIMA). Based on a comparison of the three case studies, it became clear that the primary incentives for cost effective permitting are: 1) early and continuing coordination of proposed project plans, designs and schedules with key regulatory agencies and local area residents and 2) development of a sufficient level of baseline information on air quality, water quality, wetlands, endangered species, fish and wildlife, and socia-cultural conditions to support the required permit application. The U.S. permitting process worked in much the same way as the Canadian permitting process. Disincentives of mine permitting include high initial costs for baseline data gathering. However, a relatively high early investment resulted in more efficient permit acquisition and reduced long-term monitoring requirements. A common problem Identified was the inadequate supply of trained agency personnel with the requisite technical and permitting experience. This sometimes resulted in poor decisions and unnecessary changes in project plans and schedules.

Jan 1, 1993

By PATRICK R. TAYLOR, NICHOLAS BELLUSCI, D. ERIK SPILLER, VICTOR BRAMAN

Most of the world’s production of natural soda ash comes from the mining and processing of trona found near Green River, WY. The processing of trona ores to ultimately yield a high-quality dense soda ash product and reject the insoluble gangue species, primarily in the form of oil shale, is water and energy intensive. It is speculated, however, that the glass-manufacturing industry, which is the largest consumer of soda ash, may be able to use product of a lower grade and consistent level of the insoluble constituents. Thus, the viability of using sensor-based sorting to produce a beneficiated trona stream that would be fed to calcination was investigated. The study encompassed the preparation of a run-of-mine (ROM) Green River ore sample; selection of specimens sized 25 to 75 mm; imaging of the specimens by sensors based on X-ray transmission (XRT), color and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF); insolubles analysis of the specimens; and a bench-scale sorting test. Results of the study established that a correlation between the color of the individual ore particles and their insoluble content exists, and that a surface-detection-based sensor, particularly LIF, is apparently more suitable than XRT to produce a beneficiated trona stream. The bench-scale sorting test demonstrated that a 65 percent separation efficiency and a 70 percent recovery of trona could be achieved.

Feb 1, 2023

By T. A. Gray

There are several potential large-volume uses for coal ash in mining-related applications that could be environmentally and economically beneficial to mining companies. Actual usage, however, may be constrained by regulations or by perceptions of coal ash and the potential uses. To identify currently allowed uses and to assess constraints to coal ash use in the eastern coal fields, questionnaires were sent to state coal mining agencies to determine their policies on coal ash utilization and to mining companies to solicit their viewpoints on coal ash utilization. Identifying and understanding the constraints will allow for the development of a coordinated and consistent approach to remove or reduce these constraints and possibly allow for increased utilization of coal ash by the mining industry. This paper summarizes the findings of our investigation.

Jan 1, 1995