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By P. Tong-jiang

We studied mineralogical characteristics of the vermiculite samples from seven mines in China. We found three types of interstratified structures in the investigated samples: 1:1 regular interstratified structure, segregated interstratified structure, and random interstratified structure. The vermiculite samples from six mines are mainly composed of phlogopite?vermiculite interstratified minerals, and the samples from the other mine are composed of chlorite?vermiculite interstratified mineral. The samples with phlogopite?vermiculite structure have high contents of K2O, TiO2 and Na2O. The samples with chlorite?vermiculite structure have the highest contents of MgO and Al2O3. The cation exchange capacity of the samples is 17.3?99.0 mmol/100g.The exchangeable cations of phlogopite?vermiculite samples from Weili Mine mainly include Na+ and Ca2+, while those of phlogopite?vermiculite samples from Tongguan Mine mainly include Mg2+ and Ca2+. The thermal expansion ratio of the samples is between 9 and 32. The exfoliated vermiculite products from Weili Mine have the best mechanical strength.

Feb 27, 2013

By Hans Svensson

El presente texto señala la explotación mecanizada en labores angostas a través de las aplicaciones de la empresa Linden Alimak AB. En 1957. Dicha empresa introdujo el método Alimak para excavación de las chimeneas con su plataforma trepadora, la cual comprende la perforación circular desde la plataforma Alimak para el ensanche de chimeneas, la explotación en vetas Angostas - Vein Mining y preparación de galerías ( jumbos con martillos neumáticos e hidráulicos. Posteriormente se compra una variedad de equipos para jumbos, winches, soldadoras neumáticas, etc., para la minería.

Sep 1, 1977

By B Mohanty, R Yang

Blasting vibration information is now commonly used to diagnose blast malfunctions. These range from limiting vibration levels to protect normal dwellings to determining scatter in detonator firing times, and even to rating of explosives in the borehole. Although blasting vibrations have the potential to yield reliable information in all these issues, there are key restrictions on their specific use, which are often ignored. These include all aspects of instrumentation, and sensor layout, as well as methods of analysis. This paper highlights these limitations. It emphasizes the distinction between near-field and far-field seismic recording in terms of borehole dimensions and blast geometry. Several case studies from both underground and open-pit blasting operations are discussed to illustrate and emphasize the essential characteristics of blasting vibrations and their optimal use in diagnosing blast malfunctions.

Jan 1, 1997

By A. N. Khayyat, R. G. Temple, R. Skelton

The fluid energy mill has been in use since the 1930's when an early patent was granted to N.H. Andrews in the USA. The microniser design has been basically unaltered since that date and current designs such as the Airfilco "Micronizer" have been progressively developed from results based on wide experience. The authors have been engaged in a research programme to establish optimum design and operational parameters for the Micronizer so as to provide a more quantitative basis for scale-up prediction of results. An introductory section will first trace the development of fluid energy milling including reference to other designs which have developed alongside the micronizer (especially the “Jet-o-miser"). With regard to design features the number of fluid injection nozzles and their size was investigated to establish the optimum range. Injection angle and, the consequent diameter of the internal "tangential circle" was carefully studied to determine the effect of this parameter on product size. The research was carried out using fine limestone as the test material with air as the grinding medium. Feed size fractions of 0-120µm, 0-250µm, 0-500µm, and 300-600µm were milled and product size analyses were carried out using the Coulter Counter technique.

Jan 1, 1980

By William E. Wallace, S. J. Page, B. L. Razzaboni, C. A. Hill, Pamela Mike, P. Bolsaitis, M. J. Keane, Val Vallyathan

"Respirable quartz cytotoxicity, as measured by erythrocyte hemolysis and pulmonary macrophage release of lactate dehydrogenase in vitro, is neutralized by boiling in water in glass test tubes for 10 to 40 minutes. The cytotoxicity is reduced to near zero by boiling l to IO mg quartz per milliliter water. For greater concentrations of quartz in water the hemolytic potential after 40 minutes of boiling approaches that of native quartz. Replacing the medium with fresh water midway through boiling results in full detoxification through 20 mg quartz per milliliter water. Pre-boiling the medium with silica reduces the detoxification effect. Detoxification persists after mild drying at l 10°C for 8 hours, and persists after three days of resuspension in water at room temperature.INTRODCJCTIONResearch underway to determine interactions of quartz and other mineral dust surfaces with pulmonary fluids and alveolar macrophages in culture led to the observation that when dusts were autoclaved in aqueous suspension, their cytotoxic effects on macrophages were suppressed, in some cases fully and even after several days incubation with the cells. This finding was in direct contradiction to earlier results from both short term macrophage lysosmal enzyme release assays, as well as longer term cytotoxicity assays from macrophages in culture; in those studies, dusts were steam autoclaved at 121°C with no liquid water but with steam present. 1.2 However detoxification under boiling conditions has been reported in other research. 3 It was decided to use the hemolysis assay to further investigate these findings, because of its sensitivity simplicity and cost.RESCULTS AND DISCCISSIONRespirable quartz dust used in this study was taken from a stock of crystalline silica, Min-U-Sil; obtained from Pennsylvania Sand Glass Corporation, fractionated in air with a particle classifier. The small size fraction retained for use was 80% less than S micrometer particle diameter, with an area equivalent median diameter of 1.24 micrometers as estimated by automated image analysis. The silica was at least 98.S mass percent silica as determined by X-ray energy spectrometric analysis; and the crystalline form was alpha-quartz as determined by X-ray diffraction. It's specific surface area was 3.97 square meters per gram as determined by nitrogen adsorption isotherm methods. I"

Jan 1, 1990

By Alain Grenier

To be more competitive, we have to try new mining techniques. A few of them are: extend honghole length increase drilling precision new type of primary opening (slot) use of CMS to extend stope length This paper will cover our trials, successes and failures and will cover a few real cases that occurred at the Doyon mine.

Oct 1, 2001

FREQUENTLY the Survey Department is caIled upon to estimate the quantity of material in various dumps, dams piles, etc... and in the carrying out of this work various methods may be employed.The method used will vary according to the particular case in hand, and factors such as accessibility of the top of the dump, steepness of its sides, height, and the condition of the material to be estimated. A certain amount of "give and take" must be adopted in the treatment of small local cavities and mounds.In all cases it is desirable that the surveys made should be tied on to the lease surveys for the purpose of location, and that all levels should be reduced to the mine datum. It is also desirable to obtain levels of the original surface before deposition of the material to be estimated. If these have not been obtained beforehand, levels and transfers round the top will be the next best. If space is availabIe, flat surface is chosen as a site for the dump, etc. This is of the utmost importance in those cases where the material will have to be...

Jan 1, 1925

Last November, when the British Educational Mission was visiting this country, letters were sent to the various mining schools asking what arrangements had been made for cooperating with British and. French schools. Of the eleven schools from which replies were received, none had taken any definite steps in this direction. The Colorado School of Mines, though, stated that it was offering scholarships to all men who had served in the U. S. Army and Navy during the war. A letter was also sent to Sir Henry Miers, Vice-chancellor of the University of Manchester, who was the head of the British Mission. He replied as follows: "In my opinion the mining profession is second to none in the responsibility of the duties which it involves or to which it leads in all parts of the world; also it is a. profession in which the student or teacher has much to gain by migrating to foreign countries. This applies in a special degree to British students coming to America where they will be able to enlarge their views by a widened experience. We (the Mission) have everywhere found the most, cordial acceptance of such proposals. Several of the British Universities have recently instituted a new doctorate of philosophy attainable after 2 or 3 years course of advanced study; this scheme includes Oxford and Manchester. The conditions admitting to the degree course are that the applicant should be a graduate of an approved University and should show evidence that he is qualified to pursue the course which lie proposes." In a conversation with Prof. Alfred C. Lane, of Tufts College, Sir Henry Miers said that students from Great Britain should be most easily attracted to America, both to universities and colleges and technological institutions.. He doubts, however, whether Great Britain can offer America, in this respect, as much as America can offer her. Prof. Lane, though, is quite sure that, especially for geologists, there is much to be

Jan 2, 1919

By Michel T. Halbouty

The area for which oil and gas developments in South Texas are reported for 1940 in this paper covers the same counties that were included in the reports for 1938 and 1939, with the addition of LaSalle County. LaSalle County is includcd in the Laredo district of South Texas, which totals seven counties for that district. The Corpus Christi district remains the same, with nine counties. The two districts together comprise what is known as the South Texas area for this report. Continued exploration along established trends and beyond proven field limits during 1940 provided South Texas with new fields and new producing levels at a rate of discovery fairly comparable with the high records set during recent years. The wells drilled in the counties within this district (including LaSalle) numbered 1656, approximately 8 per cent below the 1801 figure of last year. However, rank wildcats totaIed 336, an increase of 17.5 per cent compared to the 286 drilled in 1939. Therefore, since new field discoveries numbered 25 in 1940 against 29 in 1939, the rate of new field discoveries in 1940, based upon rank wildcats drilled, was I/I3.4 while that of 1939 was I/9.86, which shows a decrease of about 25 per cent in the rate of new fields. The rank wildcat tests in 1940 gave the following results: 18 produced oil, 4 produced distillate with gas, 3 produced. only gas, and 3r1 were dry holes (Table 5). Of the 1320 tests drilled in already proven fields or as extensions to pro+en areas (representing a decline of 12.8 per cent from last year's total of 1515 tests), 1048 produced oil or distillate, 60 produced gas and 212 were dry holes (Table 4). Of the producers, 50 found new sands or crude-in-distillate-sands in existing fields. Among the several fields subjected to extensive development were: Colorado, Jim Hogg County; East White Point, San Patricio and Nueces County; Rincon and Sun, Starr County; Glen, Webb and Zapata Counties; Wade City and Orange Grove, Jim Wells County; Stratton and South Clara Driscoll, Nueces County, and Aransas Pass, San Patricio and Aransas Counties. The development of important crude reserves on structures formerly considered primarily distillate fields has probably been the most important phase of the year's operations in South Texas. The Rincon, Stratton, Agua Dulce, Wade City, Odem and Robston fields provided the new crude sand discoveries. At some places crude production was opened by exploratory wells that found new sand horizons; in others by flank wells that found already discovered distillate sands sufficiently low to provide crude production. Rincon, Starr County, with its multiple sands, is now believed to be one of South Texas' largest crude-oil reserves. Offshore drilling showed important results during the year, including the discovery of two new submerged fields and the extension of the East White Point field into offshore Nueces County. The new marine fields are: East Flour Bluff) 76

Jan 1, 1941

By Michel T. Halbouty

The area for which oil and gas developments in South Texas are reported for 1940 in this paper covers the same counties that were included in the reports for 1938 and 1939, with the addition of LaSalle County. LaSalle County is includcd in the Laredo district of South Texas, which totals seven counties for that district. The Corpus Christi district remains the same, with nine counties. The two districts together comprise what is known as the South Texas area for this report. Continued exploration along established trends and beyond proven field limits during 1940 provided South Texas with new fields and new producing levels at a rate of discovery fairly comparable with the high records set during recent years. The wells drilled in the counties within this district (including LaSalle) numbered 1656, approximately 8 per cent below the 1801 figure of last year. However, rank wildcats totaIed 336, an increase of 17.5 per cent compared to the 286 drilled in 1939. Therefore, since new field discoveries numbered 25 in 1940 against 29 in 1939, the rate of new field discoveries in 1940, based upon rank wildcats drilled, was I/I3.4 while that of 1939 was I/9.86, which shows a decrease of about 25 per cent in the rate of new fields. The rank wildcat tests in 1940 gave the following results: 18 produced oil, 4 produced distillate with gas, 3 produced. only gas, and 3r1 were dry holes (Table 5). Of the 1320 tests drilled in already proven fields or as extensions to pro+en areas (representing a decline of 12.8 per cent from last year's total of 1515 tests), 1048 produced oil or distillate, 60 produced gas and 212 were dry holes (Table 4). Of the producers, 50 found new sands or crude-in-distillate-sands in existing fields. Among the several fields subjected to extensive development were: Colorado, Jim Hogg County; East White Point, San Patricio and Nueces County; Rincon and Sun, Starr County; Glen, Webb and Zapata Counties; Wade City and Orange Grove, Jim Wells County; Stratton and South Clara Driscoll, Nueces County, and Aransas Pass, San Patricio and Aransas Counties. The development of important crude reserves on structures formerly considered primarily distillate fields has probably been the most important phase of the year's operations in South Texas. The Rincon, Stratton, Agua Dulce, Wade City, Odem and Robston fields provided the new crude sand discoveries. At some places crude production was opened by exploratory wells that found new sand horizons; in others by flank wells that found already discovered distillate sands sufficiently low to provide crude production. Rincon, Starr County, with its multiple sands, is now believed to be one of South Texas' largest crude-oil reserves. Offshore drilling showed important results during the year, including the discovery of two new submerged fields and the extension of the East White Point field into offshore Nueces County. The new marine fields are: East Flour Bluff) 76

Jan 1, 1941

By Tim Neil, O&apos

The coming years should see moderate growth in the US coal industry. That growth may come at the expense of the oil and natural gas industries. Conoco pegs coal growth at 2% a year, until the year 2000. During that same period, Conoco projects only 0.5% annual oil growth and "a flat or negative trendline" for natural gas. This is compounded by the fact that coal has a delivered cost per Btu that is only half as much as it is for natural gas and only a third as much as it is for oil. So said Ralph Bailey to many of the 2600 attending the opening session of the American Mining Congress Coal Convention, May 12-15, in Pittsburgh, PA. Bailey is chairman of the AMC. He is also chairman of Conoco. While coal's projected growth is not spectacular, "it is in fact almost an assured growth," Bailey said. Weak oil and gas prices will likely prevent faster growth for US coal. Most of coal's increased demand will come from the electric utility industry and expanded steam coal exports. Conoco's study projects that domestic coal demand will be strengthened in the 1990s. By then, the present surge of nuclear power plant constuction will be over. And there will be a lack of acceptably priced, large-scale generation alternatives for utilities. "It is not likely that any electric utility is going to be ordering new nuclear reactors," Bailey said. "And as oil and gas supplies become scarcer and more costly, it is only logical that coal is going to fill the gap." At the same time, Bailey believes the US coal industry must find ways to lower its costs. He said cost excesses can be found in "regulatory overkill, labor, and simply bad habits" hidden by years of high inflation. "Those costs have now been laid bare, because we are going through a pe¬riod of disinflation. We have to put our house in order, particularly if we are going to compete in world markets." Bailey also touched on coal research. "The industry certainly accepts the fact that we must find a way to burn coal as cleanly as possible. A lot of work in that regard is going on. I expect there will be some significant break-throughs." Bailey said the coal industry is being squeezed this year. Last year, coal customers accumulated inventories in anticipation of a major coal strike that never materialized. Now, many utility customers are working down these inventories. So they are not taking deliveries on their coal contracts. But coal use is up in 1985, compared with 1984, Bailey said. So increased coal use, along with supply drawdown, should strengthen the coal market before the year is out, he said. After Bailey's presentation, some 100 speakers addressed policy and technical topics at 15 sessions during the four-day meeting. It was the first time since 1977 that the AMC Coal Convention has been held in Pittsburgh. And this year's attendance was up 40% from the last AMC Coal Convention held two years ago in St. Louis, MO. This year's registrants included 228 companies, 225 manufacturers, and 106 associated members. The only negative was the David Lawrence Convention Center. It was less than ideal. By turns, meeting rooms were too small, too cramped, or too far from one another. The session on longwall mining was so crowded that the doors were propped open so conference delegates could peer in. A concurrent manufacturers' forum session needed 50 more chairs to accommodate those wanting to attend. However, on to summaries of some of the presentations. Coal transportation and export Since Congress approved the 1980 Staggers Rail Act, railroad rates for hauling coal have not been excessive. In fact, rail rates for coal have increased less than 0.5% a year, in real terms, since 1980. Moreover, the market oriented principles written into Staggers are contributing to the improved financial and operational health of the nation's railroads. But no railroad is earning excessive profits. That is the gist of a coal transportation study being completed by the US Department of Energy. William Vaughan is DOE's assistant secretary for fossil energy. He affirmed the thrust of the upcoming report. Vaughan did allow that Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) regulations on rate reasonableness could permit the railroads to exploit their monopoly power on captive shippers. Luncheon comments later made by Don Hodel confirmed Vaughan's comments on railroad rate justification. Hodel is Secretary of the

Jan 7, 1985

By P. M. Gruzensky

Several experiments have been carried out in efforts to evaluate qualitatively a variety of electrolytes for refining bismuth. Most extensive work was done with the basic tartrate, hydrochloric acid, and hydrofluosilicic acid electrolytes. Deposits that are smooth and adherent can be obtained from these three electrolytes if low cathode current densities are employed. All three electrolytes were effective in purifying crude bismuth considerably, with additional purification indicated in each instance by a reelectrolysis step. With the basic tartrate electrolyte best results were obtained when the electrolyte was at 40° C, and contained at least 100 grams of bismuth per liter, An apparent disadvantage was depletion of bismuth from this electrolyte, causing the deposits to become spongy and nonadherent.

Jan 1, 1956

By Robert Baker

IT has been demonstrated in the laboratory by A. J. Phillips1 that a transformation or conversion from beta directly to alpha may take place in a brass of 61 to 62.5 per cent copper content. The completion of the transformation is dependent on a rapid rate of cooling from the all-beta field through the alpha + beta range to the alpha field. Phillips states that in a slowly cooled alloy containing 62 per cent copper and 38 per cent zinc the copper content of the beta is progressively decreased from 62 to 56 per cent by precipitation of alpha. Rapid cooling tends to prevent the separation of alpha with a copper content of more than 62 per cent by reducing to a minimum the time required for passing through the alpha + beta range. Upon crossing beyond the (alpha + beta.)/(alpha) boundary to the all-alpha region below, the material is transformed from beta to alpha. It is essential that there be no change in composition. Phillips obtained his results by quenching a 62:38 copper-zinc alloy from 850° C. in iced brine at -8° C. No reference to the occurrence of this transformation in a manufacturing process has been found in the literature. An investigation of the microstructures of a number of hot forgings made from leaded brass rods yielded one forging in which this striking conversion from beta to alpha had occurred. The purpose of this paper is to describe the transformation and certain conditions under which it may occur during the hot pressing of brass. The conversion was noted in a shape forged from a leaded brass rod, the composition of which was: Cu, 60.26 per cent; Zn, 37.86; Pb, 1.88. In this study the lead content was disregarded and the alloy was considered to be equivalent to an alloy of 61.40 per cent copper and 38.60 per cent zinc (98.12 parts = 100 parts). The possibility that the lead might obstruct or accelerate the precipitation of alpha was not studied. The lead appears as black globules in the photomicrographs and has a negligible solubility in the alloy.

Jan 1, 1931

The philosophy of computer control of grinding and flotation at ZC/NBHC is presented. The performance and reliability of the in- stalled systems are discussed.

Jan 1, 1978

By Kumar A, Mishra N. C

For each tonne of chromite ore mined in Sukinda, approximately ten tonnes of fine overburden material is generated. The overburden typically contains about 30 - 60 per cent Fe2O3, 0.3 - 1.1 per cent Ni, four to nine per cent Cr2O3 and 0.04 - 0.2 per cent cobalt and is being discarded leading to loss of valuable metals and creating environmental pollution. In order to take the advantage of presence of iron, nickel and chromium, the present studies advocate the utilisation of nickel lateritic chromite overburden for production of Ni bearing pig iron through blast furnace extracting maximum iron and nickel from the chromite overburden. The present paper deals mainly with the beneficiation of chromite overburden, sintering characteristics and thermodynamic studies. The beneficiation study shows that a beneficiated concentrate having Fe - 50 per cent and Ni -- 1.1 per cent can be achieved from chromite overburden having Fe - 30 per cent and Ni -- 0.7 per cent. Sintering studies have been carried out with bed height of 300 and 450 mm at a suction of 600 and 900 WG respectively. The results reveal that good quality sinter can be produced from chromite overburden concentrate with a basicity of about 1.0 and coke breeze consumption rate about 16 per cent. In all the experiments, Tumbler Index, Abrasion Index and Shatter Index was found to be in the range of 65 - 70, 4.5 - 5.5 and 85 - 90 respectively. The other parameters namely softening temperature, melt down temperature, reduction degradation test and relative reducibility have also been determined. A thermodynamic analysis has also been carried out to make a technological assessment of the process for the production of alloyed pig iron from chromite overburden in blast furnace which shows that it is possible to produce nickel bearing pig iron in blast furnace using the sinter up to 80 per cent. Techno-economic analysis reveals that this route will yield a substantial profit even after accounting for cost of beneficiation, extra coke, raw materials and extra slag produced.

Jan 1, 1999

By R. Thiessen

The question whether the kind, rank and grade of coal is in any way determined by the kind or type of plant from which it originated has been a problem since coal was first studied. Some investigators claim that the kind of plants has contributed none of the attributes that characterize the differences found in the various coals; others claim that all differences are caused by the contributing plant; and others hold that only a few characteristics are inherited from the kind of plant from which the coal originated. Most coalologists, however, give this matter no thought. It can easily be shown that the kind of plant which contributed to a coal had a marked influence on its kind and type. A number of factors enter into this problem, and all unrelated ones must be carefully eliminated, including metamorphism caused by the pressure of the cover, earth movements, mountain building and higher temperature. Only the fundamental substance—the plants out of which coal was formed—• and the causative conditions that gave rise to a peat swamp and the conditions imposed upon the plant and the plant substances during the formation of the peat swamp can be considered. Everything else being equal, the question then is, how far do different classes and types of coal owe their differences to different kinds or types of plants? Geologic Age of Coal Coal has been laid down in almost every geological period since the Devonian era. Even as early as the middle Devonian some coal was formed; although of no value it has great scientific significance. The most valuable coal was deposited during the Carboniferous. The coals of England were formed during the Mississippian, and most of the valuable coals of America, Europe and China during the Mississippian and chiefly the Pennsylvanian. From the Permian come the coals of France, Saxony, Thuringia and Schwarzwald in Germany and of Bohemia and of the Ural districts of Russia. From the Mesozoic come the coals

Jan 1, 1930

By Gregory L. Hempen

"Pressure waves from submerged blasting can have adverse impacts on nearby structuresand on aquatic fauna. Underwater blasting is not allowed for some situations withoutmitigation of these adverse pressures. Two states currently require bubble-curtain, pressurereduction of underwater shooting for environmental concerns. St. Louis District hasconducted field monitoring of scaled testing and demolition shooting with air-screenmitigation. The deployment of compressed-air manifolds and air-entrained packagesheeting effectively reduces underwater blast pressure. St. Louis District is preparing areport on optimum use of underwater-blasting mitigation measures."

Jan 1, 1993

By J. X. Wu

An investigation on the seismic damage to buildings with pile foundations in Tianjin region, was conducted after the earthquake which hit Tangshan in 1976. It showed that most pile-founded buildings have an excellent aseismic capacity. In this paper, several pile-founded projects suffering the seismic damage are introduced as examples, simplified calculations are made of the vertical bearing capacity of pile foundations and of the horizontal seismic force, and suggestions are presented in conection with the design of pile foundations in the liquified ground soil. The paper shows a frame structure which has a plie foundation with a box-shaped base. Analyses if its response to the earthquake has been carried out in accordance with the F.E.M. and results have been obtained.

Jan 1, 2010

By M. Guarascio

Microseismic monitoring of mining areas is a developing technique, described here for the Belvedere Spinello Mine, southern Italy, where dissolution cavities in the mining area have proved problematic. The preliminary condition for locating seismic impulses has been found to be a reliable seismic ground model. Ground signals are continuously recorded by means of data from piezometric wells, for sinkhole data, and linked gephones, for microseismic data. A computer system has been implemented to collect, analyse and interpret the incoming signals consequently, identification and classification of hypocentres of activity is facilitated, with advantages in terms of safety, preventing harmful side-effects, including rock bursts, and for environmental conservation.

Jan 1, 1987

By R. C. Hickman

"INTRODUCTION The most productive area of the eastern Virginia pyrite belt lies to the north of the village of Mineral., in Louisa County. The largest producers of pyrite ore in the area were the Armenius, Boyd Smith, and the Sulphur mines.The Boyd Smith mine started production about 1890 and operated more or less continuously until 1922, when competition from the Gulf States and Spain closed the pyrite mines in Virginia. There are no reliable records of production or value of minerals produced.ACKNOWLEDGMENTSIn its program of exploration of mineral deposits, the Bureau of Mines has as its primary objective the most effective utilization of our mineral resources to the end that they take the greatest possible contribution to national security and economy. It is the policy of the Bureau to publish the facts developed by each exploratory project as soon as practicable after its conclusion. The Mining Branch, Lowell B. Moon, chief, conducts preliminary examinations, performs the actual exploratory work, and prepares the final report. The Metallurgical Branch, Oliver C. Palston, chief, analyzes samples and performs beneficiation tests.The project was under the immediate supervision of Mitchell H. Kline, chief, Raleigh Division, Mining Branch, Bureau of Mines.LOCATIONThe Boyd Smith property is reached from Mineral, Va., by traveling north on State Route 522 about 2-1/2 miles. An unsurfaced road, winding in a northwesterly direction, loads to the Boyd Smith headframe, which is about half a mile from State Route 522 (fig. 1). The tract comprises 181 acres."

Aug 1, 1947