Search Documents

By G D. McDonald

Flinders Mines is an ASX300 iron ore explorer and developer with a tenement package located in the Hamersley Ranges region of Western Australia, approximately 70 km north of Tom Price. Exploration over the past three years has identified a Global Resource in excess of 740 Mt at a grade of 55.4 per cent Fe (+50 per cent Fe cut-off). This resource is spread across multiple deposits and has been divided into a number of mineralisation type domains based on geometallurgical and geochemical boundaries. These domains are comprised of transported haematite rich detrital iron deposits (DID) and goethite dominant Channel iron deposits (CID) as well as in situ bedded Brockman iron deposits (BID). On the basis of differences in physical and chemical characteristics, the DID have been divided into four discrete units. The four DID units form a stratigraphic sequence with the iron grade increasing and the contaminant concentrations decreasing with depth. The upper DID unit is lower grade and currently unlikely to provide a marketable product, without signifi cant beneficiation. The lower three DID units, together with the CID and BID, are of a higher quality and have the potential to yield marketable ore. The ability to define and recognise these different units has resulted in a more reliable and robust geological interpretation and hence greater confidence in the resulting resource model. This has been evident in the excellent conversion of inferred to indicated resources.

Jul 11, 2011

By Galen G. Waddell

Several years of rock-burst research conducted by the Federal Bureau of Mines, in cooperation with the mining companies of the Coeur d?Alene Mining District, Idaho, in addition to progress made by others throughout the world, have led to a good understanding of the rock-burst problem. This paper describes conditions which have caused specific bursts, present capabilities of detecting stress buildup and bursts, control methods, and a suggested approach to analyzing any individual mine-burst problem.

Jan 1, 1970

By D Woolmer

Since January 2019, BHP Olympic Dam have been trialling the use of a drone based LiDAR mapping system for the purpose for surveying stope voids. This new technology utilises Simultaneous Location and Mapping (SLAM) algorithm providing positioning, stability and collision avoidance in GPS denied environments. Implementation of this system utilised underground personnel trained in the equipment’s use. The study’s intention was to evaluate the effectiveness of this equipment versus traditional surveying methods in regards to quality, safety and productivity. The trial results showed a marked improvement in the quality, productivity and personnel safety when conducting surveys. The use of the drone and LiDAR system reduced personnel and equipment requirements for surveys, thus allowing these resources to be deployed elsewhere. The technology’s simple and rapid deployment allowed multiple surveys to be conducted during a 12 hour shift, including ad-hoc work with minimal disruption to underground operations. After the drone’s initial trial, further work was conducted to utilise the Hovermap LiDAR scanner on other platforms to increase utilisation. A mounting system was created allowing the LiDAR to be mounted on a remotely operated loader or vehicle. This enabled drawpoint scans to be taken directly after production completion, resulting in faster stope close outs and drive scans for convergence monitoring. Implementation of the LiDAR system has resulted in improvements in the stope production cycle by reducing delays previously associated with data capture. The increase in the volume and quality of data has also allowed in-depth back-analysis of stopes in new mining areas to be conducted, which have driven improvements in the design process.

Mar 15, 2021

By R. T. DeHoff

A new approach to the measurement of the size distribution of particulate structures imbedded in opaque bodies is developed. The method is based upon the assumption of a general two-parameter distribution curve, and the estimation of these two parameters from three well-known counting measurements made upon metallogvaphic sections. The total number of particles in the system is also a product of the analysis. Application of the method with the assumption of the logarithmiconorma1 disfribution function is developed in detail. A complete description of the geometry of a particulate structure requires the determination of the size distribution of particles. The problem of estimating the size distribution of particles of a particular phase in a multiphase system, or the grain-size distribution in a homogeneous system, has been approached by many investigators.'-'0 All of the solutions proposed by these investigators share the following characteristics. a) A minimum of several hundred particle sections in the microstructure must be examined, and some characteristic dimension recorded, such as area,3'5 intercept length,6"9 or diameter.1'2'4'10 b) The resulting data must undergo a series of fairly complex calculations to generate the empirical histogram which describes the size distribution in three dimensions. c) In order to manipulate the result, the histogram must be fitted to some assumed mathematical formula, using the attendant statistical procedures. d) With two notable exceptions,8,10 the particles must be spherical. The measurements and calculations involved are in general very tedious and time-consuming, with the logical result that much effort has been expended in the development of equipment which will perform these tasks automatically and semiautomati-cally.9,11-15 considerable success has been achieved in this area, but the equipment is in general expensive, and usually places stringent requirements On the quality of microstructure which can be reliably analyzed. In laboratories which do not possess such equip- ment, the analysis of geometry is usually limited to measuring total properties of the microstructures, such as volume fraction and interfacial area, because the measurements required are much simpler to make. The determination of size distributions rarely is undertaken. The development which is presented in this paper permits the estimation of size distributions of three-dimensional structures from the same simple counting measurements which are required to determine the surface area and volume fraction of the particulate structure, and one other counting measurement. The basic approach that is used is to assume a general mathematical form for the distribution, which is described by two parameters (as the normal distribution is described by assigning values to the mean and the standard deviation), and then estimate these two parameters from the results of the counting measurements. The introduction of a third counting measurement also permits the evaluation of the number of particles per unit volume, Nv.

Jan 1, 1965

By J. Goyman, K. R. Rawling

"1.1 Location and Transportation ServicesNanisivik Mines Ltd. is located at latitude 73°, 3,200 km north of Montreal and 700 km north of the Arctic circle, on the south side of Strathcona Sound, which is an arm of Admiralty Inlet, in Northern Baffin Island. The orebody and mill site are 4 km distant from Strathcona Sound which provides deep water anchorage for ocean transportation of concentrate to Europe during the short northern shipping season from mid-July to mid-October.The operations and the resident community have direct jet aircraft service from Montreal two days per week, and local nights connect with other Arctic communities in the northern Baffin region. Bulk supplies and general cargo are delivered in the summer shipping season.1.2 HistoryThe Texas Gulf Sulphur Company, now Kidd Creek Mines Limited, staked claims in the Nanisivik area in 1957 and carried out exploration through to 1968. After the Kidd Creek orebody was found, Texas Gulf optioned the property in 1972 to Mineral Resources International Inc. (MRI), which undertook further exploration and completed a feasibility study.Nanisivik Mines Ltd. was formed in 1975, with MRI as the majority shareholder and minority shareholdings held by Metallgesellschaft, Billiton and Texas Gulf. Strathcona Mineral Services Limited was retained to manage the project during both the construction and operational phases."

Jan 1, 1984

By M Forbes, R Jeuken

Brownfields geoscience measurement such as drilling and surface geophysics can be costly and it is often difficult to weigh the cost of data collection and processing against the value it unlocks at the time of extraction. This makes it difficult to prioritise geoscience expenditure and find the optimum intensity of geoscience activity across competing assets. There are multiple options for managing resource uncertainty and spatial variability through mine planning and resource engineering such as varying marketing strategy, adjusting stockpile or other infrastructure design and product blending. Consideration of these alongside increased data collection further complicates finding a comparable value of geoscience programs to determine the right blend of geoscience measurement and engineering controls. Concepts similar to Value of Information (VOI) analysis which is applied to strategic planning can be used to estimate the value of geoscience measurement and pit sequencing at tactical planning and operational timescales. This involves the quantification of resource uncertainty and prediction of how it will affect resource extraction. This paper outlines this process and demonstrates its use to prioritise geoscience at BHP Coal Assets. The value of infill drill programs in enabling operational stability is quantified and compared the value of engineering controls like increased stockpile capacity. This study supports that idea that the application of VOI methods to bulk mining at tactical time horizons has potential to inform geoscience planning and resource engineering not just separately, but as part of a unified strategy for managing resource uncertainty.

Mar 22, 2022

Large variations of coal seam thickness and roof conditions are associated with the occurrence of mine floor undulation at Shoal Creek Mine, operated by Drummond Company, Inc.. Ground control problems, such as roof falls and face failures along with extremely high shield pressure and rapid face convergence, are often reported at the longwall face when these undulations exist. This greatly increases equipment downtime and causes production delays. As a result. a comprehensive study of mine geology including roof conditions and longwall performance were conducted in the mine. With the help of continuous full-face shield pressure monitoring using the Longwall Strata Control and Maintenance System (LoSCoMS), a large data base of shield pressure with various roof conditions has been established. This enables the mine operators to accurately evaluate the roof behavior and shield performance and to take the appropriate operational steps at the face to reduce the number of downtime and face failures. This paper summarizes all works and findings from the study including detailed roof geology and its effect on longwall performance.

Jan 1, 1998

Coal that meets customer specifications is often stored in silos before being loaded into cars. It is often found that coal in a particular car does not meet customer specifications due to the mixing of coal inside the silo. Some new contracts require meeting specifications on a per car basis. Silo flow models are used to predict quality in such cases. However, coming up with an accurate silo flow model for each case is very difficult and time consuming. This paper examines the viability of using an online analyzer at the loading end of the silo in conjunction with a feedback circuit, to optimize the quality of the coal being loaded into trains, so that each car meets quality specifications.

Jan 1, 2000

By William D. Siapno

Mining the deep ocean by the year 2000 may seem far fetched. The year 2000 is but a decade away, a scant 10 years. Remember, the youngsters of today will grow up in a little more than a decade and rebut the wisdom of the ages, especially the traditions of their elders. Rude perhaps, but none the less a fact of life. Ocean mining exhibits many of these same traits. We should all brace ourselves for some rude shifts in our rapidly moving society. Major shifts in economics, politics, and social orders are the rule of the day. Communism is in retreat, our own economic structures chaotic. So in this moment of cataclysmic change, a shift in the international market place of mineral resources should not be a great surprise.

Jan 1, 2011

By G. D. Tranter

The importance of ladle and teeming practice and its relationship to the yield and quality of the product has focused considerable attention on this phase of open-hearth operation. Inherently bad steel cannot be perfected by manipulation during teeming, but through the proper handling of "off heats" serious losses, which in many cases arise, can be greatly minimized. Conversely, good steel can be ruined as a result of poor workmanship in the pit, and rendered unsuitable for application to orders where exacting surface and physical requirements are essential. Sufficient evidence has been secured to warrant careful investigation of pit operations when an abnormal number of basic defects develop in the semifinished product or are found on the inspection table. This paper is written from the standpoint of the problems involved in making satisfactory ingots for sheet rolling. Furthermore, since rimming steel is almost universally used for manufacture of sheet, the data presented herein refer particularly to that type of steel. Going back some 30 years in open-hearth history, the word "pit" properly described the hole into which the ladle was lowered to receive the metal tapped from the furnace. The working space was necessarily limited, and the disposal of slag and metal overflowing the ladle or lost because of breakouts presented a serious problem. The equipment, of course, was rather crude in the light of present-day development. Often no ladle stands were provided, the ladle being hung on the crane beneath the runner. When delayed taps occurred, the ladle was often held in position for many hours, thus tying up pit operations and causing delays to adjacent furnaces. Because of crowded conditions, slag thimbles were not used and a network of cast-steel triangles and old tapping bars, placed before the heat was tapped, was the means for removing slag from the hole. Furnaces of different capacities were used

Jan 1, 1935

By G. D. Tranter

The importance of ladle and teeming practice and its relationship to the yield and quality of the product has focused considerable attention on this phase of open-hearth operation. Inherently bad steel cannot be perfected by manipulation during teeming, but through the proper handling of "off heats" serious losses, which in many cases arise, can be greatly minimized. Conversely, good steel can be ruined as a result of poor workmanship in the pit, and rendered unsuitable for application to orders where exacting surface and physical requirements are essential. Sufficient evidence has been secured to warrant careful investigation of pit operations when an abnormal number of basic defects develop in the semifinished product or are found on the inspection table. This paper is written from the standpoint of the problems involved in making satisfactory ingots for sheet rolling. Furthermore, since rimming steel is almost universally used for manufacture of sheet, the data presented herein refer particularly to that type of steel. Going back some 30 years in open-hearth history, the word "pit" properly described the hole into which the ladle was lowered to receive the metal tapped from the furnace. The working space was necessarily limited, and the disposal of slag and metal overflowing the ladle or lost because of breakouts presented a serious problem. The equipment, of course, was rather crude in the light of present-day development. Often no ladle stands were provided, the ladle being hung on the crane beneath the runner. When delayed taps occurred, the ladle was often held in position for many hours, thus tying up pit operations and causing delays to adjacent furnaces. Because of crowded conditions, slag thimbles were not used and a network of cast-steel triangles and old tapping bars, placed before the heat was tapped, was the means for removing slag from the hole. Furnaces of different capacities were used

Jan 1, 1935

By Thomas M. Barczak

The era of the shield-supported longwall face began in the United States a little over 25 years ago. The most fundamental development of the shield in the past 25 years has been an increase in size and capacity and a progression toward two-legged designs in favor over four-legged shields. Is the “bigger-the-better” design philosophy justified? The advantage of the two-legged design is largely attributed to its active horizontal force caused by the forward orientation of the leg cylinders. How do we know this? You might be surprised to learn that shield loading data may suggest otherwise. In addition, what about setting pressures? Should they be set as high as possible? Some people have advocated that setting pressures should equal the yield pressure. Does this make any sense? Is yielding a good or bad thing? These are some questions still worthy of investigation that are addressed in this paper. The first major change in gateroad support was the use of cable bolts to replace conventional wood cribbing particularly in Western mines. Standing support changed very little until the mid-1990s, when Strata Products1 introduced the Hercules and Propsetter supports in Eastern mines and Burrell Mining Products introduced the Can support in Western mines. Since then, there has been a dramatic increase in new roof support technologies for longwall gateroad support. Historically, standing support, including shield supports, have been designed based on a simplistic model requiring the support to have sufficient capacity to support the gravity loading of a perceived detached rock mass. This approach ignores the stiffness of the support and the resulting ground deformation that is known to be critical to roof stability. Recently, a new approach based on the ground reaction concept has been promoted by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) to account for the interaction of the support with the rock mass behavior in achieving ground stability. In addition to gateroad support design, this concept has ramifications for shield capacities, setting pressures, and recovery room support design that challenge current practices in these areas. Although longwall mining has matured into the safest and most productive underground mining method used today, traditional concepts of roof support design and practice should still be evaluated and challenged. Ultimately, advancements in the science of ground control are made by recognizing deficiencies in current theories and thinking outside the box.

By Worthen Bradley

A BETTER understanding of what is happening in the domestic quicksilver industry, and what is likely to happen, can be had after reviewing some of the highlights of the past four years. Hitting the high spots in chronological order, they are: February 1939-Army and Navy Munitions Board starts investigation on civilian and war needs of certain "strategic materials," including quicksilver, with a view to recommending stock piles. Every known producer is canvassed by the end of the year.

Jan 1, 1942

By Sandra M. Stash

An integrated copper production complex includes mining, milling and smelting facilities which are usually at or near a common site, and sized to complement one another in capacity. There may also be an electrolytic retlnery serving the complex, but not always totally dedicated to its production. Mines and mills without co-owned smelters are not usually considered integrated. The first marketable product of an integrated complex is blister, or in some cases electrolytically refined copper. The nature of integrated operation brings together all of the environmental issues associated with copper production, but currently operating and newly planned facilities are required to anticipate these issues and meet stringent regulations. Older complexes, however, may have legacies of 50 or more years of operation unencumbered by current levels of environmental strictures: nevertheless, they must be remediated. Using examples from closure and remediation of the mining and mineral processing facilities in the Upper Clark Fork River Basin of Montana, the authors review some of the problems encountered since CERCLA's1 enactment in 1980, and the solutions to those problems, bearing in mind that not all of the problems and solutions were technical. Much has been written about the mines of Butte -the "Richest Hill on Earth" as it was known in its day and the mills, smelters and refineries they spawned. These facilities comprised an archetype of the integrated copper complex: from ore to metal in facilities serving and depending on one another. Many great stories of technological innovations and business triumphs have been told about Butte and Anaconda's mining history and the place The Anaconda Company occupies in that history. However, relatively little has been written about the final days: 25 years during which the once-great complex was closed, and the remnants of past glories were remediated after nearly a century of operation. This paper offers some insights from the real world affecting similar complexes still operating, and, hopefully, lessons for others just starting down the path to final closure.

Jan 1, 2003

By Hongbo Zhao, Jun Wang, Wenqing Qin, Guanzhou Qiu

Jan 1, 2015

By Juan L. Yarmuch, Gonzalo Sepulveda

This article presents a novel approach to address the mining width-constrained open pit mine production scheduling problem in the context of medium-term planning. A mathematical formulation is proposed to incorporate mining width constraints into the production scheduling process, aiming to maximize the NPV of the schedule while ensuring enough room for the operation of mining equipment. To tackle the computational challenges posed by large-scale instances of the problem, we propose a method based on variable fixing and horizontal precedence generation. In this study, we apply the developed model to real-world scenarios from Radomiro Tomic short-term mine planning problems such as optimizing the timing of major truck maintenance and the impact of external factors, like the delay in the production of the Chuquicamata underground project. Remarkable improvements are observed with the mining width-constrained model. Specifically, the mining width satisfiability is enhanced from 2 to 60% compared to the traditional open pit mine production scheduling model, underscoring the significance of incorporating these constraints. The proposed method showed good results reaching optimality gaps within 5%.

Mar 28, 2024

By E. T. Turkdogan, Klaus Schwerdtfeger, P. Grieveson

The rate of growth of "Fe4N" on a iron was measured by nitriding purified iron strips in flowing am -monia -hydrogen gas mixtures at 504" and 554°C. It is shown that a dense nitride layer is formed when a zone -refined iron is used in the experiments. With less pure iron, the nitride layer is found to be porous. Through theoretical treatment, the self-diffusivity of nitrogen is evaluated porn the parabolic rate constant, and found to be essentially independent of nitrogen actirlity, e.g., D* = 3.2 x l0-12 and 7.9x l0-12 sq cm per sec at 504" and 554?C. Some consideration is given to the mechanism of diffusion in the nitride phase. THERE is a great deal of background knowledge on the solubility and diffusivity of nitrogen in iron, and on the thermodynamics and crystallography of several phases in the Fe-N system. Although case-nitrided steels have many applications in practice, no work seems to have been done on the diffusivity of nitrogen in the iron nitride, ?', phase. The only work reported on the related subject of which the authors are aware is an investigation by Prenosil,1 who measured the growth rate of the e phase on iron by nitriding in ammonia-hydrogen gas mixtures. EXPERIMENTS Purified iron plates of approximate dimensions 1 by 0.5 by 0.03 cm were nitrided in flowing mixtures of ammonia and hydrogen, in a vertical furnace fitted with a gas-tight recrystallized alumina tube. After a specified time of reaction, the sample was cooled to room temperature by withdrawal to the water cooled top of the reaction tube. The furnace temperature was controlled electronically in the usual manner within *l°C; the temperature was measured using a calibrated Pt/Pt-10 pct Rh thermocouple. For each experiment the iron strip sample was cleaned with fine emery cloth and degreased with tri-chloroethylene prior to the experiment. The ammonia-hydrogen gas mixtures were prepared from anhydrous ammonia and purified hydrogen using constant pressure-head capillary flowmeters. The gas mixture flowed upward in the furnace with flow rate of 400 cc per min at stp. The composition of the gas mixture was checked by chemical analysis at regular intervals. In most cases, the compositions of the exit gas and metered input gas agreed within about 0.3 pct, indicating that cracking of ammonia did not pose a problem at the temperatures employed. Two series of experiments were carried out using two different types of purified iron samples. In the first series of experiments at 550°C, vacuum carbon deoxidized "Plastiron" was used. The main impurities present in this iron were, in ppm: 4043, 50-Cr, 20-Zr, 40-Mn, 20-P, 20-S, 20-C, 50-0, and 10-N. In these experiments the rate data were obtained by measuring the change in weight of the iron specimen suspended in the hot zone of the furnace by a platinum wire from a silica spring balance. The nitride layer formed in these experiments was found to be porous, particularly near the outer surface. In other experiments, high purity zone-refined iron (prepared in this laboratory) was used. The total impurity content of this iron was 30 ppm of which 20 ppm was Co + Ni, 4 ppm 0, other metallic impurities were less than 1 ppm. The zone-refined iron bar, -2.5 cm diam, was cold rolled to a thickness of about 0.03 cm and the specimens were prepared for the experiment as described earlier. After the nitriding experiment, the sample was copper plated electro-lytically and mounted in plastic for metallographic polishing. After polishing, the thickness of the ?' layer was measured using a metallographic microscope. The nitride layer formed on the zone-refined iron was essentially free of pores. RESULTS The different morphology of the nitride layers grown on "Plastiron" and zone-refined iron is shown in Fig. 1. Both samples were nitrided side by side for 55 hr. The holes in the less pure iron, Fig. l(a), are confined to a region about one half thickness from the outer surface. The dense layer grown on zone-refined iron, Fig. l(b), is thinner than the porous layer on the "Plastiron". The impurities in the iron are believed to be responsible for the formation of a porous nitride layer. The pore formation may be due to the high nitrogen pressures existing within the nitride layer, e.g., the equilibrium nitrogen pressure is 1.2 x l05 atm in the 38.6 pct NH3-61.4 pct H2 and 6.6 x l03 atm at the Fe-Fe4N interface at 554°C and 0.96 atm. It is possible that the oxide inclusions present in the electrolytic iron may facilitate the nuclea-tion of nitrogen gas bubbles within the nitride layer. Support for this reasoning is the fact that pores are only encountered in the outer range of the layer where nitrogen pressures are largest. The photomicrographs in Fig. 2 show the effect of reaction time on the thickness of the dense nitride layer formed on zone-refined iron. These sections are from samples nitrided in a stream of 29 pct NH3-71 pct H2 mixture at 554°C for 22, 70, and 255 hr. In all the sections examined the nitride-iron interface was noted to be rugged. These irregularities are be-

Jan 1, 1970

By J. Pizarro

Any organization that subjects its activities to a continuous improvement methodology, aiming to optimize their processes and services, must be able to adequately measure the results of the implemented changes to pursue better outcomes. This is no different for mining companies. When it comes to blasting, an accurate fragmentation analysis can correlate blast design and rock mass parameters to particle size distribution, enabling us to further analyze the correspondence of specific design patterns, applied to specific rock mass properties and the result in measured fragmentation indicators. Over time, many tools were developed for us to obtain PSD data, albeit each of them had their own shortcomings. The first ones to be developed involved photographing the muck pile including a scale object, uploading those photos to a PC, and using specialized software to analyze each one. As a result, analysts would get a PSD curve that served as reference for the performance of the blast. This method, which is still used, has major shortcomings. The most obvious one is that it is only able to capture a slice of the blast, which corresponds to the exposed section of the muck pile the analyst has access to, and even there its reach is limited to the areas that are safe for getting close enough for placing the scale, which are not many. Consequently, this is a very limited way to get a fragmentation performance assess for a blast. Currently, autonomous systems are capable of taking continuous pictures of the muck pile. Installed on a shovel, conveyor belt or crusher feed, these systems can take a continuous stream of pictures that are later analyzed automatically without the need of human intervention. These systems greatly increase the volume of data and, consequently, we have a PSD curve that is more representative of the blast performance. However, this technology still had issues when trying to sample front end loaders mining operations or getting results from underground blasting due to the inherent difficulties of these operations. New algorithms used for capturing and processing data for front end loaders can overcome the harsh environment of their operations and produce PSD data in high vibration environments and difficult mining angles. For underground mining, algorithms can be used to sample each truck exiting the mine, giving a reliable source of fragmentation analysis that can be traced back to their stope of origin. The development of this technology extends the existing system’s capabilities and helps us in our efforts to improve fragmentation results with each blast.

Jan 1, 2024

By F N. Baez

This paper supplements a keynote address prepared for the MassMin 2016 conference on mass underground mining methods, including block, panel, inclined and sublevel caving. It advocates for a new cave mining paradigm that takes advantage of a number of new and disruptive technologies or innovations that have evolved over the last 15 years, some of which were initiated by major mining companies such as Codelco. The paper will address the challenges that the industry will be facing in the future as well as possible solutions. As background, the paper summarises the challenges that the industry has faced in the past and how such challenges were addressed. The author acknowledges that given his more than 30 years of experience with Codelco Chile (operations and corporate), aspects of his intelligent mining concept have no doubt been influenced and have matured during his invaluable time with Codelco also as the Head of Technology and Innovation. In the paper, he uses some of the innovations developed within Codelco and by the Chilean Government to illustrate the concept of ‘intelligent mining’.CITATION:Baez, F N, 2016. ‘Intelligent mining’ – the way of the future, in Proceedings Seventh International Conference and Exhibition on Mass Mining (MassMin 2016), pp 3–8 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).

May 9, 2016

By Adriaan van Seters

"Abstract The content of Eurocode 7 – Part 1 and Part 2 – with respect to piled foundations is outlined. The important role of pile testing is presented and the derivation of the characteristic value of pile bearing resistance is explained. Recommendations for the use of correlation factors are given. The ongoing work of the Evolution Groups on piling is to prepare a revision of Eurocode 7 after 2019. Future topics and changes are highlighted.General outline of pile design by Eurocode 7In his paper for this conference Frank (2014) outlined the various aspects of standardisation for pile foundations, which involves Eurocode 7 as leading for pile construction in Europe. Standards for pile testing and execution of piling works were established in the last 15 years.This paper focuses on the design of piled foundations according to the design code Eurocode 7, which consists of 2 parts:EN 1997-1 Geotechnical design - Part 1: General Rules (CEN, 2004);EN 1997-2 Geotechnical design – Part 2: Ground investigation and testing (CEN, 2007) In Eurocode 7-1, Section 7 – Pile Foundations - deals with the design of piles. The safety concept for pile design is given in Section 2 – Basis of Geotechnical Design - for the three Design Approaches.In Section 7 presents the design of piles according to four methods:1. Results of static load tests2. Empirical or analytical calculation methods3. Results of dynamic load tests4. Observed performance of a comparable pile foundation.Guidelines for the ground investigation for piles is provided in Eurocode 7-2, Annex B.3. In the Annexes of Eurocode 7-2 examples of analytical methods to determine the bearing resistance of a single pile based on the results of various ground investigation techniques are given. Thus calculation models are presented based on design using the results of Cone Penetration Tests (D.6 and D.7) and Pressuremeter Tests (E.3). The Annexes of Eurocode 7-2 are informative.For the interpretation of Eurocode 7, reference is made to Frank et al (2004) and Bond and Harris(2008)."

Jan 1, 2014