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By J. G. Stewart

Polyurethane injection for the consolidation and control of broken strata is a common practice in the deep mines in Europe. The technology has gained wide acceptance in the coal mines of America since the introduction of RokLok polyurethane binder by Mobay Chemical Corporation in 1977. A popular and growing use for polyurethane consolidation grouting is to control the roof and prevent gob flushing during recovery of longwall face equipment. The technique provides many time and performance-related benefits compared to more conventional methods using wire mesh. Kitt Energy Corporation installed the nation's first 1000-feat longwall face in April and May of 1984. The face completed the first panel in October, 1984, and recovery was begun. Roof Strata consolidation for the recovery was accomplished by a RokLok polyurethane binder infection program designed and supervised by Halbach & Braun Industries. The application provided the most rigorous and demanding test to date of this method's performance and cost-effectiveness relative to bolts and wire screen.

Jan 1, 1984

By S. F. Ravitz, S. R. Zimmerely

High-grade cobalt concentrates were produced from the complex Blackbird ore with very good recovery in continuous pilot-plant operations in which a low-grade bulk cobaltite-pyrite flotation concentrate was roasted in a multiple-hearth furnace to oxidize the pyrite selectively. The cobaltite was floated from the resulting calcine.

Jan 10, 1950

By Richard Franchot

FERROUS metallurgy today, defined as the art of extracting money from iron ores, appears to suffer from a complex of inherited theory. In so far as pig iron costs contribute to inadequate profit margins, this symptom may be diagnosed as due to persistence, despite disproval, of Sir Lowthian Bell's theories of reduction. An attempt to meet the economic situation by reducing costs through improving blast-furnace metallurgy would be inconsistent with Bell's theories. These theories, though refutable on the facts of practice, still prevail and today's metallurgy, as measured by its fuel economy or smelting efficiency ranging between 30 and 40 per cent. is no better than Bell's, showing a specific efficiency of 36 per cent.1 If fair to neglect dry-blast operations, it appears that the advance in furnace practice since Bell's day, as shown by a tenfold increase in individual furnace capacity, has been largely mechanical and that the metallurgy of the process has not been changed materially, since the introduction of blast heat, patented in 1828. It seems fair to attribute, this lack of progress on the strictly metallurgical side to a domination of the industry by false ideas first expressed by Lowthian Bell. What the furnace seems to need first, in the interest of lower costs and of better iron, is some destructive criticism of these ideas, in moderate doses, to be followed by a constructive theoretical treatment; then, research and still more research.

Jan 1, 1929

By William Kent

About a year ago, the writer had occasion to assist Mr. John L. Gill, Jr., of the Pittsburgh Car-wheel Works, in malting a trial of his new testing machine. A piece of Bessemer steel, of about .34 carbon, was used as a test-piece, turned to a sectional area of one square inch for a length of five inches between shoulders, and provided with large round heads, which were fitted to what is called the " Wade grip." Measurements of elongation, accurate to 1/10000 of an inch, were made by a special apparatus containing two micrometer screws, with electric contact attachment. The machine was operated by hand-power. Readings of elongation were taken at each increment of 2000 pounds stress per square inch, up to 44,000 pounds, the elongation corresponding to the latter figure being .0085 inch. The elongations up to this point remained almost exactly proportional to the stresses, the strain diagram, as shown on the Plate, from the origin to the point A, being a straight line (the deviation of no observation from the straight line being greater than .0002 inch). There being no indication of an approach to the elastic limit, the attendant at the hand-wheel and scale-beam wits told to proceed as usual and move the poise forward 2000 pounds, or to 46,000, and turn the wheel until the beam was balanced. Noticing that the beam did not rise in the usual time, and that the elongation was increasing rapidly, the writer called to the attendant to stop turning the hantl-wheel and to push the poise backwards until the scale-beam balanced. Instead of balancing at between 44,000 and 46,000 pounds, as was expected, it balanced at 40,000 pounds, and the elongation had increased to .0343 inch (or more than four times that recorded at 34,000 pounds), as plotted at the point B, the dotted line between A and B showing the supposed course of' the strain diagram between these two points. Immediately upon recording the elongation the writer said to Mr. Gill, who was standing alongside: "This phenomena is without a parallel in my experience, and I know of but one way to account for it. The piece. must actually be broken in its interior, through a flaw or weak portion of the metal. The test-piece is now equivalent to a tube, with

Jan 1, 1880

By Savory P. J

Uranium mining operations commenced at Ranger mine site, Jabiru NT Australia in May 1980. The Ranger orebodies, totalling approximately 110 000 tonnes contained U305 had been indicated by airborne radiometric survey in 1969 and confirmed by drilling the following year. Both diamond and percussion drilling methods were used to define the mineralisation and samples were analysed using a combination of radiometric and neutron activation techniques. Ore reserve estimates were calculated from conventional and geostatistical methods, and following the mining of 15 million tonnes of ore, reconciliations with before mining estimates are well within acceptable industry standards. In-pit grade control employs radiometric techniques including a radiometric truck discriminator built in Australia to mine specification to meet production requirements and improve productivity. Environmental requirements associated with uranium mining are a daily consideration.

Jan 1, 1993

By J. M. Johns

INTRODUCTION The Climax Mine is located on the continen¬tal divide, on Fremont Pass, about 145 Km south west of Denver, Colorado. Molybdenum, along with the by products, tungsten, tin, and pyrite are produced from both the open pit and under¬ground operations. The underground operation utilizes a panel caving mining system, and produces in excess of 27,000 mt per day. In the mid 1930's, the Climax mine began changing from a grizzly level layout to the slusher drift system which is still in use to¬ day. Over the years, the slusher drift layout has been refined to correct, improve, and sim¬plify minor operational problems. In common with most older hardrock mines, the development equipment used at Climax was the standard rail mounted, pneumatic mining machinery. This type of equipment remained in use, at least to some degree, until about four years ago. For production, 112 Kw electric slushers were used, while mine traffic was rail with trolley locomotives. Beginning about ten years ago, Climax began

Jan 1, 1981

NEW MEMBERS The following list comprises the names of those persons who became members during the period Nov. 9, 1918, to Dec. 10, 1918. ALBERT, EDWARD J 235 E. Upsal St., Philadelphia, Pa. BARRY, D. A Supt. of. Mines, The Big Five Min. Co., Idaho Springs, Colo. BATON, GEORGE S., Cons. Min. Engr., Baton & Elliott, 2412 First National Bank Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa. BAXTER, HAROLD ALEXANDER, Met. Engr. & Operation Supt., Tacony Ordnance Corpn., Philadelphia, Pa. BENNETT, JOHN S., Chem. and Min. Engr Copiap6, Chile, South America. BOWDEN, MALCOLM, Min. Engr.; Efficiency Engr., Elm Orlu Min. Co., Butte, Mont. BROWN, HAROLD C 2d Lieut., A. S. A. P. BROWN, THOMAS ALBERT, Min. and Met. Engr.; Supt., The Royal Tiger Mines Co., Breckenridge, Summit Co., Colo. BROWN, WALTER S., Investigator, New Jersey Zinc Co. (of Pa.), Palmerton, Pa. BURDETTE, R.. S Capt., Ord. Dept., U. S. A. CALLANDER, IRA C., Asst. Supt., Gauley Mountain Coal Co., Jodie P. 0., Fayette Co., W. Va. COLLINS, J. W., Foundryman, The Aluminum Casting's Co., "L" Plant, Cleveland, Ohio,

Jan 1, 1919

By Frederic H. Lahee

After abandoning two dry holes, on the Mrs. Daisy Bradford land, C. M. Joiner finally completed his No. 3 on Sept. 8, 1930, at a total depth of 3592 ft. This well is 735 miles somewhat north of west of the town of Henderson, in Rusk County. Between Oct. 2 and Oct. 6, this well made numerous heads which indicated that it would produce about 300 bbl. daily. By Nov. 27, two dry holes,' completed near the Joiner well, taken in conjunction with the small production from this well, served to dampen any enthusiasm among those who hoped for a major pool; but by December 18 three other producers had been completed. On Dec. 28, 1930, E. W. Bateman's Lois Della Crim No. 1 drilled itself in with an estimated daily yield of between 10,000 and 15,000 bbl. from a depth of 3650 ft. This well, 10 miles north of the Joiner well, also in Rusk County, initiated the leasing campaign that led to the later orgy of drilling. On Jan. 25, 1931, Moncrief, Farrell and others completed their J. K. Lathrop 1 as another big producer, 7 miles east of Gladewater in Gregg County and 14 miles N. 20" E. from the Bateman Crim well. The Lathrop well, 3574 ft. deep, flowed 320 bbl. in 1 hr. through a ½in. choke. The first well completed in Smith County was Cook No. 1, drilled by Guy Lewis et al. in the James Jordan Survey, 4.7 miles west of the Joiner discovery well. On Mar. 30, 1931, it flowed 137 bbl. in 33 min, through a ¾-in. choke. The top of the pay sand was found at 3672 ft. Finally, in Upshur County, on May 5, the Mudge Oil Co. et al. completed the Richardson No. 1, which flowed 274 bbl. through a 4 2/64-in. choke in 2 hr. This well is 4 miles northwest of the Lathrop producer. Development It is unnecessary to give a lengthy description of the rapid development of the area discovered in these five far-separated wells, or to discuss the speculations offered as to whether there were several pools or only one.

Jan 1, 1932

By J. B. Gayle

Numerous investigators have studied the addition of inert4 substances to coking blends. Generally, the results have yielded trends applicable only to the particular coals and inerts studied. Recently, somewhat more general results were obtained for cokes produced from blends containing added inerts, using the sole-heated oven. The present investigation represents an extension of this work to include a wider range of inerts and to determine the applicability of the various conclusions to cokes produced with the Tuscaloosa oven. The results indicated that an increase in dry-coal charge density of 1 pound per cubic foot (p.c.f.) caused a corresponding change in the hardness (1/4-inch tumbler index) of Tuscaloosa oven cokes of 0.9 percentage points. This value compares favorably with the value of 0.7 determined previously for the sole-heated oven and Bureau of Mines-American Gas Association (BM-AGA) retort.

Jan 1, 1961

By R. W. Smith, R. K. Mehta, X. P. Zheng, A. M. Raichur, M. Misra

Experimentation was per formed on the flotation of apatite and dolomite separately using anionic collectors in the presence of Mycobacterium phlei. Also, the flotation of mixtures of dolomite and apatite in the presence of anionic collectors and in the absence and presence of the bacterium were studied. It was found that M.phlei functions as a depressant for both minerals. However, it functions as a better depressant for dolomite than for apatite. Experimentation was extended to two different Florida dolomitic phosphate rocks. In this investigation a concentrate grade of less than 1.0% MgO was achieved with a 75% P2O5 recovery.

Jan 1, 1999

By R R. Lovel

In this paper, life cycle assessment methodology has been used to assess the variations in water use associated with different metal production and processing routes and provide insights into the value derived from water usage in the minerals sector. Using water consumption data derived from the literature it has been shown that the æcradle-to-gateÆ water consumption (or embodied water) for production of the various metals considered in the study ranged from 2.9 m3/t for steel up to 252 087 m3/t for gold. The results largely reflect the grade of the initial ore used to produce each metal, and can be approximated by the following equation: W = 167.7 G - 0.9039 where: W = embodied water (m3/t refined metal) G = grade of ore used to produce metal (per cent metal) The study showed that indirect water consumption in the metal production life cycle, in particular that due to electricity generation, can make a significant contribution to the embodied water value, eg aluminium production. When expressed in terms of m3/t ore, the results for all metals considered indicated that the embodied water is roughly, on average, three times the water consumption of the mining and concentration stage. It was also shown that the economic value per m3 of water consumed for the minerals industry exceeds that for the agricultural and industrial sectors, supporting the view that allocating water resources to the minerals industry has a strong underlying economic basis. Water reforms currently taking place in Australia aim to address issues such as competition for water access, reduced security of supply and increase in cost. Consequently the minerals industry, along with others, can be expected to come under increasing pressure to reduce fresh or raw water use and to integrate water use across sectors. While water recycling is an obvious candidate to help reduce water consumption in the minerals industry, issues such as water quality, among others, will influence the extent to which this can be achieved. In addition, wastewater volumes can be minimised using techniques such as pinch analysis to establish and use the minimum water requirement for the process. The use of dry or near-dry processing technologies, for which the demand for water is small or zero, may be a more radical solution to the water consumption problem; however, it is possible that the introduction of dry processing would bring with it a new set of problems, including dust.

Jan 1, 2006

By Spencer R. Persik, Richard E. Munz

Measurements of many physical properties within an underground mine may be required as inputs to computer programs. These may be as simple as running/ not running signals from equipment, or they, may be representations of analog readings such as methane concentration. Similarly, outputs from computer pro- grams may control equipment located within the mine, as when air doors are opened or closed under computer control. This paper deals with the concept of electrical signal multiplexing and explains the role that multiplexing can play in comnunicating signals between the computer and locations within the mine. One multiplexer in particular, "DIRECTROL" (manufacturer by Cutler-Hamner Products), is examined in some detail, and its properties are discussed, including scan times, data security, recovery from cable failures, and recovery from power failures. Techniques of interfacing the multilexer to a computer are explained. Illustrations of the use of the multiplexer in mining applications are given.

Jan 1, 1983

By T. N. Moore, E. M. De Souza

This paper details a study conducted in Canada on the use of a drill with two different types of elastomer-covered handles in place of the standard steel handles. One type of handle was covered with a relatively stiff elastomer with a durometer of 70 (referred to as the plastic handle), and the other was covered with a more compliant elastomer with a durometer of 56 (refered to as the rubber handle). It was found that, compared with the steel handle, the overall acceleration at the interface between the plastic handle and the drill operator's hand was 2,5 times less, and that between the rubber handle and his hand was 3 times less. This reduction occurred predominantly in the frequency range above 500 Hz, and was greater with increasing frequency. However, an analysis based on the methodology of an international standard (which places greater importance on low-frequency vibration), indicated that the reduction in vibration levels was minimal. ~he driller himself felt that operation with the plastic and rubber handles was more comfortable, the rubber handle being preferred.

Jan 1, 1991

By B Rusk, L Corriveau, P Emsbo, R P. Xavier

"An EXTENDED ABSTRACT is available for download. A full-length paper was not prepared for this presentation. Porphyry-Cu (Mo-Au) deposits and iron oxide-copper-gold (IOCG) deposits are both characterised by the presence of abundant halite-saturated fluid inclusions that reflect the circulation of hyper-saline hydrothermal brines. While it is widely accepted that brines involved in the formation of porphyry copper deposits derive from unmixing of moderate-salinity, intermediate-density fluids that exsolve from crystallising magmas, the source of brines that form IOCG deposits remains enigmatic and intensely debated. In this extended abstract, we summarise the fluid inclusion characteristics of both deposit types and present trace element compositional data for halite-saturated fluid inclusions from both porphyry copper deposits and IOCG deposits from around the world.While both deposit types typically contain halite-saturated fluid inclusions, vapour-rich fluid inclusions in IOCG deposits are less common than in porphyry deposits and evidence for fluid immiscibility is rare. IOCG deposits also typically lack intermediate-density fluid inclusions that characterise the deeper quartz-rich veins in many porphyry deposits. Many IOCG deposits contain CO2-only fluid inclusions, a type of fluid not observed in porphyry Cu deposits.Our fluid inclusion compositional data show that most porphyry Cu (Mo-Au)-related brines are dominated by Na, K and Fe and contain elevated concentrations of Ca, Cu, Pb, Zn and Mn up to around the one per cent level. On the other hand, IOCG brines are Na-Ca-Fe-dominated and typically contain far less Cu, Mn and Zn than porphyry brines. In addition to Ca, these fluids are also strongly enriched in Ba and Sr relative to porphyry-related brines. Such compositions are consistent with extensive fluid-rock interaction and/or an evolved sea water contribution to IOCG brines.A sea water or basinal brine source for IOCG brines is further supported by bromine concentrations that are much higher than is characteristic for porphyry-related brines. Porphyry brines have Cl/Br molar ratios of between 800 and 3000, which is characteristic of primary magmatic brines, whereas the Cl/Br composition of IOCG brines is more variable. For example, Na/Cl/Br ratios of most IOCG deposits in the world-class Carajás district fall on or near the sea water evaporation curve (most Cl/Br molar ratios are between 200 and 1000) and are diagnostic of sedimentary bittern brines. A few of the deposits in this district also show evidence of the input of subordinate amounts of magmatic brine. At Ernest Henry, in the Cloncurry district of Australia, most Cl/Br ratios plot close to the sea water evaporation curve, but Cl/Br ratios of up to ~5000 in several samples suggest the input of lesser amounts of magmatic fluids, and possibly evaporite-dissolution-derived fluids. Taken together with geologic constraints, these data strongly suggest that porphyry-type deposits form from the circulation of dominantly magmatic fluids, while IOCG deposits form from large-scale circulation of high-salinity fluids sourced dominantly from sedimentary basins with variable input of magmatic volatiles.CITATION:Rusk, B, Emsbo, P, Xavier, R P, Corriveau, L, Oliver, N and Zhang, D, 2015. A comparison of fluid origins and compositions in iron oxide-copper-gold and porphyry-Cu (Mo-Au) deposits , in Proceedings PACRIM 2015 Congress, pp 271–280 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne)."

Mar 18, 2015

By F. P. Dewey

Recent discussions have furnished to the members of the Institute much information concerning aluminum and its applications. The present paper will be devoted almost entirely to the description of a process by which the metal is produced in the form of alloys. The characters which especially distinguish the Heroult process consist in electrolyzing a mass of molten alumina (Al2O3), and at the same time alloying the separated aluminum with a heavy metal, the heat necessary for the fusion of both the alumina and the alloying metal being supplied by the direct passage through the molten Al2 0, of an electric current of high amperage and low voltage. The process has been in active operation at Neuhausen in Switzerland for about two years. It is also in active operation at Froges in southern France. Both these locations were selected for this purpose on account of the presence of large and desirable water-powers. The apparatus consists of a carbon containing-vessel, which may be a single crucible for small operations, or may be built up of slabs or blocks of carbon for large and industrial operations. When built up of slabs or blocks, the whole is surrounded by an iron casing. In the earlier crucibles this iron casing was cast around the carbon, in order to secure close electrical contact. This, however, has been found unnecessary; and in the later crucibles the casings consist of plates bolted together, while pulverized carbon is packed between the carbon blocks and the iron. Electric conductors are united direct to this iron casing, and the current passes from this through the carbon lining to the interior of the crucible. By this

Jan 1, 1890

The following discussion was held on August 2.2, 1927, during the meeting of the Institute at Salt Lake City. It. IIIatch, Garfield, Utah.—The object of the meeting, I belicve, is to determine the proper chemical composition to insure long wear of a ball in a mill. This might also apply to rods. I feel that there is only one way of determining accurately the wearing qualitites of balls in mills, and that is by actually wearing out 400 or 500 tolls of different kinds of balls. Two things add to the wearing qualities of a ball: (1) the tenacity, with which the particular particles of iron or steel are cemented together; (2) the individual hardness of each partiele. My cxperience is that a ball that has a Brincll of 550 to 650 will give comparatively long life. There is considerable difference of opinion as to the best steel and iron alloys neressary to produce a satisfactory grinding ball. Some favor chrome, somr manganese and some nickel. Personally, I believe cast iron alloyed with chrome makes the best ball for small sizes; for large sizes (31/2 in. arid up) steel alloyed with mangancse is best. L. O. Howard, Pullman, Wash.—How would this method apply to hning? A. Kissock, New York, N. Y.—I do not subcrribe to that exactly. As I am connected with the Climax Molybdenum Co. you would hardly expeet me to. We have been much interested in trying to work out this grinding-ball problem and have spent a, great deal of thought and effort on it. As we are associated with the American Metal Co. and have a number of Proprrties of our own, we are in poaition to try our ideas on ourselves first. We have tried different compositions, but, have not done anything very remarkable with them yet,, except that we have been able to say that the combination of chrome and molybdenum has given the best, wearing ball. Mr. Hatch feels that iron is the best. medium for grinding, hut since toughtiess as well as hardness is a factor in wearability we feel that a well made steel is better for this purpose. Another difficulty with cast, or chilled, iron is lack of uniformity front day to day or from heat to heat, and the impossibility of protlucing balls free from blow or shrinkage holes which matcrially affect their life. If cast iron is made hard it becomes brittle and lacks strctc11 or toughness. This prevents its use in the larger sizes, aS break:lgc, is a sorious hantlic:~p to efficiency. We have trirtl hard and brittle balls and softer but very tough balls and have proved that maximum hardness, with sufficient toughuess to prevent hrcakagv, is the most important factor. in resistarnce of a steel to abrasion. It is well known that. chromium is one of the best hardening agencies for cither iron or. steel; and molybdenum is recognized as an clerment capable of introducing tonghness. In other words, the proper combination of chromium and molybdenum permits unusual hadness with still sufficient touglmess to stand up under severest impact. It is yet too early to give any actual mill results of this new Combination and though we are proving our ideas at our own properties we have to depend on others to help us make the data more general and more worth while and would like to get some testa 206

Jan 1, 1928

By L. O. Howard

R. HATCH, Garfield, Utah.-The object of the meeting, I believe, is to determine the proper chemical composition to insure long wear of a ball in a mill, This might also apply to rods. I feel that there is only one way of determining accurately the wearing qualities of balls in mills, and that is by actually wearing out 400 or 500 tons of different kinds of balls. Two things add to the wearing qualities of a ball: (1) the tenacity, with which the particular particles of iron or steel are cemented together; (2) the individual hardness of each particle. My experience is that a ball that has a Brinell of 550 to 650 will give comparatively long life. There is considerable difference of opinion as to the best steel and iron alloys necessary to produce a satisfactory grinding ball. Some favor chrome, some manganese and some nickel. Personally, I believe cast iron alloyed with chrome makes the best ball for small sizes; for large sizes (3 1/2 in. and up) steel alloyed with manganese is best. L. 0. HOWARD, Pullman, Wash.-How would this method apply to lining? A. KissocK, New York, N. Y.-I do not subscribe to that exactly. As I am connected with the Climax Molybdenum Co. you would hardly expect me to. We have been much interested in trying to work out this grinding-ball problem and have spent a great deal of thought and effort on it. As we are associated with the American Metal Co. and have a number of properties of our own, we are in position to try our ideas on ourselves first. We have tried different compositions, but have not done anything very remarkable with them yet, except that we have been able to say that the combination of chrome and molybdenum has given the best wearing ball. Mr. Hatch feels that iron is the best medium for grinding, but since toughness as well as hardness is a factor in wearability we feel that a well made steel is better for this purpose. Another difficulty with cast, or chilled, iron is lack of uniformity from day to day or from heat to heat and the impossibility of producing balls free from blow or shrinkage holes which materially affect their life. If cast iron is made hard it becomes brittle and lacks stretch or toughness. This prevents its use in the larger sizes, as breakage is a serious handicap to efficiency. We have tried hard and brittle balls and softer but very tough balls and have proved that maximum hardness, with sufficient toughness to prevent breakage, is the most important factor in resistance of a steel to abrasion. It is well known that chromium is one of the best hardening agencies for either iron or steel, and molybdenum is recognized as an element capable of introducing toughness. In other words, the proper combination of chromium and molybdenum permits unusual hardness with still sufficient toughness to stand up under severest impact. It is yet too early to give any actual mill results of this new combination and though we are proving our ideas at our own properties we have to depend on others to help us make the data more general and more worth while and would like to get some tests

Jan 1, 1928

By H. Lind

Mining in Estonian oil shale deposit mainly takes place in the Ordovician, Keila-Kukruse aquifer. The aquifer is affected by mining and is fully dried out around the working mine areas (Perens and Savitski, 2008). The groundwater level is decreased down to 30 m, to the mine floor elevation using about 30 pumping stations (Lind, 2005). The pumping rate is very high - depending on the season, ranging from 10 up to 40 m3 per ton of produced oil shale (Reinsalu et al., 2006). The Estonian oil Shale Company mined 15.5 million tons of oil shale in 2007 (Source: Estonian Oil Shale Company). In order to predict the effects, and avoid the social and environmental impacts, there is a need to continuously monitor the situation and run software simulations aiming at decreasing the pumping rate. This becomes even more important since the environmental taxes on usage of groundwater resources increase every year. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor groundwater level and quality, and develop a groundwater model for the overview of the situation during mine operations and also for a number of years after mine closure.

Jan 1, 2008

Those familiar with the war in France at first hand know that in these last two years the weight of the suffering has fallen upon the families of the well-to-do classes; those who before the war lived in comparative ease and comfort, with every prospect of educating their children as their parents and grandparents had been. Thousands of the men in these families have been killed, "officiers d'élite," and the small pensions accorded the widows permit them only to house and feed their children HELÈNE JOURNÈS. and give them a common-school education. The pension for a lieutenant's widow is $245 a year; for 'a captain's, $345; for a colonel's $575; and so on. At present, it requires three francs a day to provide food for one person in cities, and conditions are not improving. The American Ouvroir Funds, 681 Fifth Ave., New York City, has tried for nearly two years to have individual Americans give individual children a "bourse," or purse, as it is called, of from $150 to $250 a year, so that they may enter such educational institutions as the Lycées, the Polytechnique, Beaux Arts, St. Cyr, etc. The war relief societies of these military schools furnish photographs and histories of children under their care and on their lists.

Jan 12, 1918

By Janusz Szywacz, Bozena Bojko, Stanislaw Wasilewski

Two groups of computer programs are described in the paper. First one is the OWEN system containing software modules designed for air flow distribution analysis and prediction within the whole ventilation network of a mine. The second group is a set of programs commonly used in a routine design work connected with chosing the optimal ventilation schemes and equipment for individual areas of a mine (headings. longwall districts etc). All the programs are designed for running on the IBM PC/XT, IBM PC/AT and compatible computer systems.

Jan 1, 1989