Search Documents

A major Brazilian iron ore producer, SA Minerayao da Trindade (Samitri), has recently completed modifications at two operations which involve the use of Derrick high frequency vibrating screens. Details of these modifications are presented, together with a review of product quality improvements.

Jan 1, 1997

By J. E. Moran

A groupd of French capitalists, La Compagnie Française des Mines d'Or du Canada, has undertaken the considerable task of developing Otter creek, in the Atlin district, B.C., by hydraulic mining methods. It has long been known that the gravels of this stream carry sufficiently high values in gold to make it attractive as a mining venture, but it was impossible to ignore the existence of formidable natural obstacles to hydraulicing them, and these needed to be taken into serious account before embarking upon any costly programme of development. The tide to the Otter Creek leases was originally held by Mr. H. Maluin, a French engineer well known throughout the north, to whom was to fall the task of financing whatever programme might be decided upon. It was he, too, who would have to assume the responsibility of finally passing judgment upon the practicability of the various devises for overcoming the adverse natural conditions. With an infinite attention to detail, which I believe to be a characteristic of the French people generally, he studied his problem and was finally able to submit to his financial backers a programme which left the very minimum possible to the hazard of accident or chance. Dr. Mandy, on his visit to Otter creek this season, expressed the opinion that our method of opening this difficult creek presented certain features which might be successfully applied in placer operations elsewhere in British Columbia, and it is largely for this reason that the present paper has been prepared. I shall set forth, as well as I can, the practices which have enabled us to overcome rather easily some of the obstacles which nature had unkindly placed in the path which we must take. The natural flow of water in Otter creek is far too little to deal success-fully with the rather excessive amount of glacial drift overburden which lies directly over the gold-bearing gravels. For this natural defect, the only remedy was to procure more water. This we have clone through a system of flumes and ditches, totalling between ten and eleven miles in length, which bring to the mine a supply of water adequate for our needs.

Jan 1, 1932

By G. X. Du

Reaction kinetics of serpentine and hydrochloric acid is theoretical basis for optimizing reaction process conditions of serpentine and hydrochloric acid. Kinetics of serpentine and hydrochloric acid was studied in this paper. The results indicated that apparent reaction order to hydrochloric acid was two and reaction kinetic equation could be expressed as: 2HClHCl,ddtckct-=·. The diffusion rates of hydrogen ions in liquid film on surface of serpentine particle and in amorphous silica layer generated in the reaction and chemical reaction velocity during the reaction had important effects on to-tal reaction velocity. And chemical reaction velocity had the most significant influence. The relation of conversion rate of magnesia xMgO with reaction time could be expressed as: 1(1)xkt--=·.

Jan 1, 2014

By J. L. Uhrie

A potentially cost effective technique for the reclamation of heavy metal contaminated soils and sediments involves the technique of froth flotation. Heavy metals sorbed to clays in the soil may be sulfidized by the introduction of sodium sulfide and floated using a dithiophosphate collector. Separations were obtained where up to 78% of all copper ion was removed from the system. Selected samples were floated in a column cell but little advantage was seen.

Jan 1, 1996

By T. F. Pugsley, D. Gignac

"The historical background to the project dates back to the mid-30s with the discovery of surface sulphide showings in the Cape Smith-Wakeham Bay ultramafic belt. In the mid1950s, orderly exploration commenced with an extensive work program by Asarco, INCO, Lemoine, Falconbridge and Raglan Nickel Mines Ltd. on exploration permits. In 1966, Falconbridge and Raglan Nickel Mines interests merged. Extensive exploration, drilling, under- ground delineation of the Donaldson orebody and the construction of basic infrastructure such as camps, airfield, road links from Douglas Harbour to Donaldson and Katinniq, a distance of 60 km, were completed.Production project design at that time consisted of plans for a 50 000 mt per year nickel mining and concentrating operation, including a 2000 person community and smelter at Douglas Harbour. These plans unravelled in the mid-70s due to high capital costs, poor nickel market conditions and the realization that the Raglan orebodies were not large enough to economically support the construction of green field smelter and refinery facilities for processing Raglan production. Nickel market conditions in the late 70s and early 80swere generally poor, resulting in further delays on production plans.While recognizing the very high potential to discover increased tonnages of high grade(3% Ni) in excess of 20 million tonnes, the project was deferred into the late 80s when a serious re-evaluation of exploration potential occurred and the requirement to prove up additional reserves resulted in an underground exploration program at Katinniq covering the period 1990-1992."

Jan 1, 1996

By D. W. Frommer

The investigation reported in this paper is one of several included in a broad program of developing new or improved concentration processes for the oxidized and partly oxidized deposits of lead and zinc, A sample from the Playter lease, Newton County, Mo., containing pyromorphite was successfully concentrated by fatty acid flotation to a grade of over 62 percent lead. Owing to the presence of a high content of slime-size values, the overall recovery of lead at that grade was limited to 44 percent. DESCRIPTION AND HISTORY OF PROPERTY The mineral pyromorphite is a chlorophosphate of lead containing 76.4 percent lead, and, although it occurs frequently in association with other lead minerals, it is considered a minor ore mineral of lead. The manner of occurrence of oxidized lead minerals, including pyromorphite, which frequently are no larger in grain size than the clay with which they are found, militates both against development of a simple beneficiation process and high recovery. The profitable exploitation of such deposits depends not only on a successful treatment procedure but a highly favorable metal market as well. For these, and perhaps other reasons, very little research has been done on the recovery of pyromorphite from its deposits.

Jan 1, 1956

By Carl Zapffe

JUST as 85 per cent of the total ore produced annually in the United States comes from the Lake Superior region, so does one of its six producing districts-the Mesabi --dominate that region both as to production and total reserves; also in ore Treatment, Mesabi practice is dominant. Therefore, in discussing future reserves or ore treatment one may visualize one big district with five smaller districts as so many satellites. In considering the future less thought need be given to processes than to, economic policies. For thirty years experimental work has now been in progress and every possible ore-treatment process now known has been given attention. This work was started when there was no recognizable danger of running short of ore because of rapid consumption. Thirty years ago the annual production had just progressed beyond the twenty-million bracket for the first time. Today fifty million tons is considered a small production, and last year the aim was for 65 million. At the recent rate of production the life of the estimated reserves of good ore is about 35 years. All who know the local terrain are convinced that, unlike thirty years ago, the chances for discoveries of new big deposits are nil; treatment of lean ores obviously is to become an all-important topic.

Jan 1, 1938

By F. W. SUTTER

IN order to have ore available on the completion of the beneficiation plant at Clifton and to provide for continuous production while underground development was carried out, it was decided to develop an open-pit through the crest of a long hill in which the ore outcropped, using 40-ft. vertical benches.

Jan 1, 1943

By Andreas Jungbauer

The Chinese steel producer Rizhao Steel is now focusing on the highly attractive local and export markets for high-quality, thin-gauge strip products. The first line of five Arvedi ESP plants began operations in the spring of 2015. The new casting-rolling complex is designed for a total annual production capacity of 11 million tons of highquality, ultra-thin, hot-rolled strip products with widths of up to 1,600 mm and thicknesses down to 0.8 mm. The energy consumption and related costs are reduced by up to 45% compared with conventional casting and rolling processes. This also means a major reduction in CO2 emissions. During the project phase, the plant personnel from China received extensive training at the licensor’s plant – Acciaieria Arvedi S.p.A. in Italy – to prepare them to deliver the best operational performance with the new state-of-the-art endless casting-rolling facility. The plant setup, the training and support program, as well as the latest results from the start-up are presented in this paper.

Aug 16, 2017

By Aline da Luz Pascoal

A crescente preocupação com a produção e descarte de rejeitos advindos da exploração mineral, principalmente no que diz respeito aos fatores econômicos e ao meio ambiente, tem aguçado a procura por novos métodos de processamento que ajudem a minimizar este fato. De maneira que, serão avaliados e discutidos os dados de produção de um concentrado (sinter feed fino) em um circuito de concentração magnética na empresa Pedreira Um Valemix em Catas Altas/MG, tendo como alimentação da planta de beneficiamento um blend composto pelo rejeito outrora gerado nesta mesma planta (teor 40,0%) Fe e o ROM (teor de 42,0% Fe). Os resultados encontrados mostraram-se promissores, alcançando uma recuperação mássica e recuperação metalúrgica de, respectivamente 60,15% e 79,75%, e também geraram maior estabilidade do processo, prolongamento da vida útil da mina e maior receita devido à utilização de um produto que outrora era considerado como rejeito.

Oct 30, 2017

By F. L. Casey

"Part 1 – Published Papers Baria, G., and Boshkov, S., ""Insights into Undercuttingin Block Caving"", Proc. 5th Rock Mech. Symp.,Mines Br. - Information Canada, 41-58, 1970.Barron, K., Coates, D. F., and Gyenge, M., ""ArtificialSupport of Rock Slopes'', Mines Branch ResearchReport R228, July, 1970.Barron, K., ""Criteria for Brittle Fracture Initiation inand Ultimate Failure of Rocks and Their Applicationto Fracture Zone Prediction"", Proc. 2ndCongr. Int. Soc. Rock Mech., Belgrade, 1970, 3-37.Bauer, A., and Calder, P. N., ""Projectile Penetration inRock"", Proc. 5th Rocle Mech. Symp., Mines Br. -Information Canada, 157-170, 1970.Bauer, A. M., ""Site Development and Rehabilitation ofPits and Quarries"", Canadian Mining Journal,Vol. 91, No. 7, 77, July, 1970."

Jan 1, 1971

George E. Collins, Nacoochee, Ga. (communication to the Secretary): The results tabulated below were obtained at the Reynolds mill, White county, Ga. They were noted, not with a view to investigating the point discussed by Mr. Clark, but in course of a test on a working scale to determine the com parative saving from a given free-milling ore on copper and silvered plates respectively. In every case the bullion assayed was the result of a separate clean-up on a considerable quantity of ore. The ore varied widely in grade and in other respects, but the runs bracketed in the table were made at the same time, in adjoining batteries, and on similar types of ore. In a * Result modified by the addition to the bullion-shipment of a little impure bullion left over from previous clean-ups.. On these occasions, the strips of copper were removed from the tables, and: their lower surfaces were cleaned. Hence the higher yield reported.

Jan 1, 1900

By T. H. Aldrich

(San Francisco Meeting, October, 1911.) THERE are two conditions generally prevailing upon the earth-those within atmospheric influence, tending towards oxidation, and those away from atmospheric influence, tending towards reduction. Practically all mineral substances from mines of any depth are in a reducing condition. Since the cyanide process, in order to dissolve silver or gold, requires that the prevailing conditions under which it operates shall be oxidizing, and the materials usually acted upon being of a reducing character, it becomes necessary to supply oxygen to the solution carrying the cyanide. This oxygen is usually supplied through the medium of dissolved air in the solution, or through the medium of various chemical compounds, which upon combining with the solution or the ore give off a part of their oxygen. Strange as it may seem, practically all mineral substances are partly soluble in water, especially water carrying alkali or cyanide. The greater the surface exposed and the finer the material is ground, the greater will be the rate of dissolving of the reducing agents from the ore into the cyanide solution. In most cases, if the solution carrying the ore particles is agitated with air, the air will dissolve into the solution faster than will the reducing-agents; but in some cases the reducing-agents will dissolve more rapidly on account of easy solubility or greater surface exposed. It is a dissolving race between the oxygen from the air and the reducing-agents from the ore, and if the reducing-agents predominate, cyanide will not dissolve the gold from the ore. In many cases it will dissolve some of the gold, because in a mass of irregular shape some of the gold particles might be exposed upon the outside surface of a particle of rock;' but if the solution had to penetrate through cracks, the side-walls of which were lined with reducing-agent-

Feb 1, 1912

By J. P. Garnier, T. Bhambhani, J. A. Garcia, N. Renaud

Most flotation plants use a static reagent scheme, i.e., a set combination of collectors, frothers, and modifiers. This scheme is usually developed and refined over time to deliver optimal (not necessarily the highest) performance when the major ore types are fed to the plant. However, when ore types or mineralogy coming to the plant change substantially (and this often happens as different areas of the pit(s) are mined and crushed at the same time), there are upsets in the process, typically leading to lower recoveries. Adapting to this variability is usually done only when performance drastically suffers, and the changes made may be too late and bring additional variability in performance. The premise for SmartFloat™ is that the reagent suite needs to be dynamic, adapting continuously to changes in the ore and operating conditions. Solvay has combined advanced analytics and data science techniques with its expertise in flotation reagent chemistry to systematically and automatically achieve the above, and in real time. Thus, SmartFloat™ is optimizing the reagent suite continuously, removing the additional variability created by belated human interactions resulting in a better and more stable process. In addition, this advanced approach allows for continuous improvement by identifying poor performing ore domains and improving the reagent suite using Solvay’s FM-100 approach to design appropriate solutions.

Jan 1, 2023

By Josef Maierl

For the production of advanced high strength steel grades (AHSS) like API X80/X100, dual-phase, martensitic and complex-phase grades a number of hot strip mills need to extend their limits in terms of power and flexibility. Especially for cooling and coiling of these new materials, Primetals Technologies developed the “Power Cooling” and “Power Coiling” technologies. Power Cooling combines the advantages of conventional laminar cooling or “low pressure cooling” with the newly developed “high pressure cooling” with highest cooling rates for flexible operation. The Power Coiler which is needed to coil those high strength grades especially at thicker gauges ensures reliable strip-coiling for a most economical production. To enhance the reliable production of high-strength steel grades for a wide range of strip dimensions, the automation system with its advanced models is an integral part to the mechanical design. In this context the paper presents examples for the installation of power cooling and power coiling in new and modernized HSM.

Aug 16, 2017

By Justin R. Patts, Andrew B. Cecala, A. KYLE LOUK, Emily J. Haas

The U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and the former U.S. Bureau of Mines (USBM) have put significant effort over the past four decades into researching and developing engineering controls and interventions to reduce mine workers’ dust exposures during the bagging and palletizing of industrial minerals. Workers who perform the manual bagging and palletizing of 50- to 100-lb bags typically have some of the highest dust exposures of all workers at mining and mineral processing operations. This paper provides an overview of available dust control technologies for bagging operations and presents the findings of a recent case study conducted at four industrial sand operations to identify the current types of bagging and palletizing technologies being used and to evaluate their effectiveness in reducing workers’ exposures to respirable crystalline silica dust. An evaluation is also performed to determine if further reductions in respirable dust levels can be achieved by incorporating additional modifications or improvements into the existing technology.

By W. N. Hamilton

Industrial minerals are plentiful in Alberta. Although exi ting in variety and in quantity, they constitute a minor segment of the province's mineral industry, which is based on oil and gas. In 1983 Alberta led all the other provinces in value of mineral production with a total of $22,2 18 million, 62 per cent of the total for Canada. Of Alberta's total, $22 million or about 3 per cent came from the indu trial minerals. Nearly two-third of this production is accounted for by sulphur, which is actually a by-product of the oil and ga industry. Alberta ranked third among the province in industrial minerals production for 1983, with about 20 per cent of the national total.

Jan 1, 1984

By William Gleason

The mining industry is under immense pressure to not only meet increasing demand for minerals, but to do so in an environmentally safe and sustainable manner. Growth in electric vehicles, battery storage, renewable energy infrastructure and data centers to power artificial intelligence (AI) has led to an unprecedented demand for minerals such as copper, lithium, rare earth elements and others. The need for these minerals for national defense has only increased the pressure on the mining industry. Increased geopolitical tensions between the United States, China and Russia has added a sense of urgency as supply chains have become a focal point for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and Defense (DOD) and other government agencies. The International Energy Agency (IEA) predicts that copper demand is expected to grow by 50 percent by 2040 while demand for lithium could increase eight-fold by 2040 and demand for nickel and cobalt could double. The challenges to meet the increased demand include technological, workforce, exploration and environmental issues. From Feb. 22-26, the global mining industry will converge on Salt Lake City, UT for the MINEXCHANGE 2026 SME Annual Conference & Expo where these challenges and others will be addressed by some of the leading minds in the industry. Included in this year’s conference is the Resilient Energy in Mining Symposium, a symposium with input from across SME that looks to address some of the most significant challenges the industry is facing. “Adopting environmental, social and governance (ESG) best practices has become a necessity for the mining industry, not an option. The Resilient Energy in Mining Symposium is crucial for MINEXCHANGE 2026 because it addresses the complex challenges of transforming traditional mining operations to support a sustainable and secure energy future,” Lisa Gonzales, principal engineering at Arcadias and MINEXCHANGE 2026 SME Annual Conference Chair and chair of the Resilient Energy in Mining Symposium said. “Mining is inherently energy-intensive, yet it is also foundational to the global energy transition, supplying the critical minerals needed for renewable technologies. By bringing together industry leaders, the symposium fosters collaboration and actionable change, showcasing advancements and real-world solutions that demonstrate the tangible benefits of resilient energy strategies. This unique forum enables knowledge sharing, inspires innovative thinking, and helps set the standard for sustainable practices across the sector.” The symposium was created in direct response to a SME member survey in 2023 conducted by the Responsible Mining and Underground Construction (RMUC) Strategic Committee. “The survey highlighted a strong demand for technical resources on energy transition, carbon reduction, renewable power, climate change, and ESG reporting,” Gonzales said. “To address this, I collaborated with RMUC to engage committee members from all SME Divisions, ensuring a diverse and comprehensive platform that reflects every aspect of mining. We intentionally structured the symposium to centralize key content and minimize duplication across divisions.”

Jan 1, 2026

The 1969 Lignite Symposium was held at Grand Forks, N. Dak., on May 1-2, 1969. Cosponsored by the University of North Dakota and the Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, the meeting was the fifth in this series. Registrants from many States and Canadian Provinces attended the meeting representing many segments of energy-oriented companies, State and Federal Government, and universities. At 2-year intervals, these symposia provide a common meeting place where recent research and developments in technology and utilization of energy resources with emphasis on solid fuels (lignite) are presented. Proceedings3 of the previous symposia including a Forum held in 1958 have been published.4

Jan 1, 1970

By L. V. Chugaev, Y. M. Shneerson, P. V. Zaytsev, I. V. Fomenko, M. A. Pleshkov

"Pressure oxidation (POX) is one of the most common and reliable methods of processing gold-bearing sulfide concentrates. However, when processing concentrates that contain natural carbonaceous matter, substantial gold losses occur due to autoclave preg-robbing. The latter involves formation of gold chloride complexes under typical POX conditions (high temperatures, high acidity and high ORP) and subsequent sorption of these complexes by carbonaceous matter. Naturally, chloride ion plays a significant role in the process of autoclave preg-robbing; its concentration in POX solution has a well-marked effect on subsequent gold recovery during cyanidation of POX residue. The previous research done by SRC Hydrometallurgy showed that autoclave preg-robbing of gold could be significantly inhibited by the addition of mercury(II) compounds to POX slurry. The positive effect of mercury(II) was well pronounced both at high (>20 mg/L) and low (<5 mg/L) Cl concentrations in POX solution. The successful bench-scale laboratory testing was followed by pilot plant trials at Ore Test Facility in Blagoveshchensk, Russia. The present paper provides the results of these trials. The bench-scale testing results were verified; the optimum oxidizing parameters and reagent dosage were specified. The behavior of mercury (II) at POX pilot plant was found to be in good consistency with industrial practice described in the literature.INTRODUCTION Pressure oxidation (POX) is one of the most common, reliable, and commercially proven methods of processing gold-bearing sulfide ores and concentrates. However, when processing double refractory materials that contain natural carbonaceous matter, POX technology advantages are compromised by autoclave preg-robbing of gold. The latter occurs when natural organic carbon and soluble halides are both present in autoclave feed. Strongly oxidizing conditions of POX (high temperature, oxidation-reduction potential or ORP, and acidity) favor formation of gold-halide (mostly, gold-chloride) complexes, which tend to bond with carbonaceous matter. The exact nature and mechanism of this bonding is unknown, but as the result of this, cyanide is unable to leach gold from POX residue and the precious metal is lost to the tails (Axenov et al., 2014; Dimov, Chryssoulis, & Sodhi, 2003; Fomenko, Zaytsev, Pleshkov, Chugaev, & Shneerson, 2013)."

Jan 1, 2017