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By W. H. Moore

It seems necessary, at times, that we should reconsider some of the more obscure causes that lead to explosions of gas and coal-dust in mines, in the hope that a recapitulation will keep before us that old and true saying "eternal vigilance is the price of safety". This explosion, while not extensive (resulting in only two much to be regretted deaths) enlarged our vision as to the possibility and probability of other explosions with more disastrous results. As this is only a partial report I shall have to omit many things that are generally included in describing a mine explosion. The mine was worked exclusively with electric cap-lamps -only firebosses and other officials carried safety-lamps. All shots were examined and fired by firebosses with a small hand-battery. Monobel was used exclusively for blasting, and clay for tamping. The system of haulage iri use was main-rope and winches, horses being employed for gathering. Compressed-air was the motive power for all winches and pumps, excepting the pumps at the shaft-bottom which were steam-driven. The mine was wet with practically no dust anywhere, except what was being made at the coal-face in the getting of the coal. Gas was found occasionally, generally in the brushing, especially where the brushing was carried up to a small seam, 2 to 6 feet above the main seam. The place where the explosion took place was known as Leigh's heading, which was being driven to the rise, immediately inbye of the siding (off No. 1 left, off the new slope) and was about 90 feet up from the level.

Jan 1, 1926

By Arthur Laing

"IT is indeed a pleasure to have the opportunity of addressing this group today. Not only does it give me the opportunity of meeting with representatives of what is considered by many to be the most dynamic segment of industry in Canada today, but it also allows me to talk about a subject of para-mount interest to myself, the development of the North, and to explain, if even only briefly, some of our beliefs and hopes in this regard.It is inconceivable that all lands north of the 60th parallel, representing 35 per cent of Canada's total land area, which we believe contain a great natural resource potential, will remain as an undeveloped portion of Canada. The re-sources are there, although the people and private industry are as yet not there in sufficient numbers.It has been estimated that in the west and north of Canada there are 1.6 million cubic miles of sedimentary rocks. Of this figure, 342,-000 are thought to lie in Alberta, 115,000 in British Columbia and about 1 million cubic miles are thought to lie in Canada's northern regions, the bulk in the Arctic Islands. On the basis of apparent volumes of sedimentary rock, we estimate that as much as 13 billion barrels of petroleum may lie beneath the permafrost of the North-west Territories, another 3 billion barrels in the Yukon Territory and 33 billion barrels in the Arctic Islands. This is, indeed, a rich and elusive prize, and one which must be sought with a view to fulfilling demands on the production of petroleum."

Jan 1, 1966

By AIME AIME

CHARACTERIZING the annual meeting as the biggest and best one yet has happened so repeatedly that some may suspect it has become a conventional phrase, like "good morning," and yet, what else can be said when not only one but all the many who express an, opinion use exactly those words, while the first of the two adjectives refers to a physical fact that is established by count. Perhaps there were hose who thought it not the best, but if so they were too tactful to say it out loud. So without further ado . let us admit that the one hundred and thirty-ninth general meeting of the A. I. M. E. held; as our By-laws provide, in New York during the third week of February, was the biggest and best of them all. Perhaps it is because we appreciate friendliness more as we grow older, but somehow the friendly atmosphere seems to rise slowly in temperature with the passing of the years. The actual atmosphere on the opening morning was quite the contrary, Feb. 17 being the coldest clay, so far, of this winter, and the suburbanites claimed that their thermometers had registered 5" below zero when they got up, though the official records of the weather man did not go that low. From that time the temperature steadily rose until Thursday afternoon, when the official record of 66" constituted a record high for Feb. 20 at New York. The weather man explained it by learned discussion of highs and lows, but we suspect the A.I. M. E. members must have had something to do with it.

Jan 1, 1930

By C. Roos

"Mining companies have included quantifying uncertainty, or at least risk, as a requirement of project justification for many years. However, many times this process lags behind the traditional mine planning process and the results are rarely used to improve the plan. Nearly every parameter used in a mine plan is an estimate and the mine planning engineer should recognize, and even embrace, the inherent uncertainty in those parameters and its effect on their forecast results. While many of the uncertainties are beyond the scope of the traditional mine plan (e.g. global market uncertainty, socio-political uncertainty, environmental uncertainty), some uncertainties can, and should, be included in the mine planning process.Many mining engineers have incorporated techniques such as Monte Carlo Simulation or Discrete Element Simulation to understand the range of productivity that can be expected for an operation, but most still rely upon one estimated model for what is likely the critical component of technical uncertainty, the geologic resource. Modern geostatistical methods can provide multiple orebody realizations to provide a thorough unbiased picture of the geologic uncertainty. However, most traditional mine planning techniques are not formulated to allow for multiple (100-200) realizations of each material quality/grade parameter.Commercial software companies and research groups are progressing with development of tools that can incorporate geologic uncertainty, and even optimize extraction plans in the uncertain environment. Unfortunately, this author believes that a significant number of mining operations will not be able to adopt these techniques due to the computational requirements of the advanced techniques and the costs associated with implementing proprietary software. In an attempt to encourage mining engineers to embrace the inherent uncertainty in their mine plans, this article presents a cost-effective alternative that can be developed in-house, at any mine, to schedule mid- to long-term mine plans while continuously monitoring the uncertainty in the results. The aim of this article is that by demonstrating the usefulness of such a system, mining companies will encourage engineers, geologists and geostatisticians to find ways to incorporate this powerful data into their processes and procedures."

Jan 8, 2017

By A. Andrades, E. Arias, Y. Pizarro, J. Alarcón

Division Ministro Hales - Codelco (DMH) is located at 2600 meters above sea level, 10 km north of the city of Calama, Antofagasta region, Chile. In operation since 2010, it corresponds to a porphyry copper deposit that is exploited by the open pit mining method. The ore is mainly composed of sulfides, which is concentrated by comminution processes such as crushing, SAG milling and ball milling to liberate the mineral particles, and then separated from the waste (concentrate) in flotation stages, including a concentrate regrinding stage. Reports from the DMH processing plant area have identified a decrease in fine copper recovery, with the first hypothesis being the high percentage of ultrafine particles (% <45µm) in the flotation feed. Due to the above, DMH & Orica decided to carry out activities to identify the controllable variables that can impact the generation of low size particles in ore and adjust them to reduce the percentage of fine material generation, with special focus on the Drilling and Blasting processes. Based on the data provided by DMH, we evaluated what could be integrated to make an analysis. The different attributes associated with the ore and their effect on copper recovery were evaluated. In parallel, at the mine, a fragmentation measurement campaign was carried out at the loading faces and granulometric analysis of the drill cuttings. Once the correlations between the attributes and copper recovery were identified, hypotheses were established and reviewed with the Drilling & Blasting, Geotechnical, Geology and Process Plant areas. With the validations of the hypotheses and the results of the in-mine (cutting) measurements, we proceeded to review the criteria for the classification of Blastable Geotechnical Units and their associated D&B designs. Using software and the Crush Zone Model (CZM) tool, which considers rock and rock mass parameters, scenarios for various D&B design proposals were simulated with the objective of reducing the generation of ultrafine particles from the blasting process. Next steps include trial blasting with the D&B design recommendations, which will require follow-up to the flotation process to identify the impact on the reduction of ultrafine material from blasting.

Jan 1, 2024

By L. Yan, T. Lutz, J. Noll

"Mine disasters, such as fires and explosions, can create a hazardous atmosphere due to the generation of carbon monoxide (CO). After a mine disaster, contaminated mine air can enter the refuge alternative (RA) as miners enter. Most built-in-place (BIP) RAs use an air delivery system to provide an unlimited supply of breathable air through a borehole which also serves to purge contaminants. In order to determine what levels of contaminants enter the RA, researchers from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducted testing in NIOSH’s Pittsburgh Experimental Mine using groups of 5, 15, and 30 subjects entering the RA. The experiment used sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) as a tracer gas that was released into the air outside of the BIP RA to establish a uniform concentration. After the human subjects entered the BIP RA, the SF6 levels inside the RA were measured to quantify how much of the tracer gas entered the BIP RA. In tests conducted while the borehole air supply was left off as test subjects entered, interior contaminant levels were less than 3% of the exterior concentration. In tests conducted with the borehole air supply activated as test subjects entered, the interior contaminant levels were measured at less than 2% of the exterior concentration. Considering a mine disaster can result in 10,000 ppm of CO in the mine atmosphere, these percentages indicate that unhealthy CO concentrations that may lead to headaches, dizziness, and loss of judgement can occur in a BIP RA. This information will help mines make decisions concerning air locks, air delivery systems and a determination if purging mechanisms are necessary. INTRODUCTION The Mine Improvement and New Emergency Response Act of 2006 (MINER Act) was enacted in the wake of three mine explosions/fires that claimed 19 lives that year. Intended to help improve underground coal mine accident preparedness, the MINER Act includes provisions that target mine safety issues in areas such as emergency response planning, adoption of new technology, training and education, and enforcement of mine safety standards (MSHA, 2006). Section 13 of the MINER Act specifically directs the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) to provide for research into the effectiveness and viability of RAs for underground coal mines. This mandate culminated in the 2009 adoption of changes to the 30 CFR mining health and safety regulations, requiring underground coal mines to provide RAs capable of maintaining a life-sustaining environment for persons trapped underground. Such RAs can be either pre-fabricated or BIP shelters. The regulatory changes also include provisions establishing requirements for Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) approval of RAs and their components, and among these provisions are numerous criteria for providing a safe, breathable atmosphere within RAs."

Jan 1, 2018

By M Hawkes, Z Ji Gang, Z Ming, R Hassell

As underground mines become more geotechnically challenging with increasing depth and excavation size, the requirement for ground support to be installed as per design becomes more critical. The verification of installation quality for cable bolts and grouted rock bolts is difficult to assess. Current methods to control quality have limitations; pull testing is largely inconclusive with only extremely poor installation being identifiable. Audits during installation can only capture a small percentage of installed bolts. Following large rock mass displacement from either squeezing ground or seismic events, even previously well installed bolts may have yielded and require replacement. A method to provide an improved understanding of the reinforcement installation quality is Non- Destructive Testing (NDT) using acoustic reflection. To validate the accuracy of an NDT system, both plain and bulbed strand cable bolts were grouted in clear plastic tubes. The encapsulation grout quality was deliberately varied from full encapsulation through to partial encapsulation and a range of different size voids. The clear tubes allowed the ground encapsulation to be observed. Cable bolts strands were cut at varying lengths and different water cement grout ratios were used. Acoustic testing of the cable bolt specimens was completed blind; the technicians were not aware of what was being tested. The NDT results correlated well with the grout encapsulation, with differences between full encapsulation, minor voids and major voids being determined. The different water cement ratio and bolt lengths (including when partially cut) were also identifiable but with some discrepancies. Trials of the technology underground have also shown the data collection process to be relatively quick with each bolt taking 1-2 minutes to test, with interpretation of the results able to be completed soon after. The NDT results collected from the underground trial showed a wide variance in cable bolt grout encapsulation quality indicating that there were installation issues.

Mar 15, 2021

By Alfred H. Brooks

The developments of the past five years have shown that Alaska, as a field for mining, stands in the first rank among the possessions of the United States. Its annual gold output is now about $8,000,000. It produces silver, copper and coal in commercial quantities and its recently discovered tin and petroleum promise to become important products. Concurrent with the gradual development of this wealth, the mining public has ceased to regard the territory simply as an arctic province where a few placer-miners struggle with adverse conditions to secure a grub-stake or a modest fortune. Of late years there has been a large influx of capital to investigate its mineral resources, but in its area of nearly 600,000 sq. miles there still remain large, unexploited and little-known fields. This work of investigation has been carried on under adverse conditions, and reflects credit on all who have shared in it, whether prospectors, mining engineers, or geologists. It is the purpose of this paper to outline briefly what has been, and is being, accomplished toward furthering the knowledge of Alaska&apos;s mineral wealth, and in this connection to present a brief history of the operations of the United States Geological Survey in the territory. A list of the publications of the Geological Survey, which pertain to Alaska, is presented as an appendix, in the hope that it may prove useful to those who are interested in the mining of this northern province. During the Russian occupation of Alaska, from 1783 to 1866, but little attempt was made to delineate its geographic features or to study its geology and mineral resources. The Russian-American Co., which long held control of the territory, was entirely absorbed in the exploitation of its fur trade,

Jan 1, 1905

By Bien Ferrer

In most smelting operations, there is a strong incentive to improve safety, reduce downtime and extend the campaigns of furnaces and related equipment. An asset management strategy that is based on information, rather than simple throughput metrics and intuition, can be developed to improve uptime and unlock value currently unrealized at existing smelters. Advances in digital technology, including data analysis, modelling and monitoring for hot pyro-metallurgical vessels, make it possible to assess the current condition of an asset, as well as to make more informed projections about its future condition, using on-line and historical data. This would allow practices around asset management to be more proactive and less reactive, with the end-result of optimized uptime. ‘Digital Asset Management’ describes a concept in which digital technology is used to support an asset management strategy and accelerate decision-making by providing information on what, why and how an asset should be designed, operated or maintained. With the overall goals of effective resource utilization, optimized operations, capital efficiency and social acceptance, Smelter 4.0 is a program of holistic improvement and is underpinned by the effective use of data to drive decisions. This paper focuses on Asset Reliability, which is one of the improvement pillars of Smelter 4.0, and introduces a methodology that is aimed at closing the gap between recorded data and evidence-based decision-making through Digital Asset Management.

By John H. Low

Introduction Despite the fact that the .association of magnetite with chrysotile asbestos in the parent producing area of the world, the Thetford Mines - Black Lake area, has been recognized since the ores of that region were first known, magnetic methods were not extensively employed in exploration for asbestos until about the beginning of 1949. Since then, large areas of Ontario, Quebec, and the eastern United States have been prospected both by aeromagnetic and conventional ground magnetic methods. Prior to 1949, a limited amount of magnetic work had been done, notably that of A.H. Miller (1, pp. 184-186), which was carried out in conjunction with the geological survey of the Thetford area by H. C. Cooke (2) in the years of 1930 to 1932. At that time, Miller pointed out that the occurrence of asbestos is associated with very large magnetic &apos;anomalies&apos; and that, within the Pennington dyke, an area of asbestos- bearing peridotite could be distinguished, by the anomalies, from adjacent areas of non-asbestos ?-bearing peridotite. Since he .also observed large anomalies in what were believed to be ?barren areas, Miller concluded, however, that the magnetometer could hardly be of much or any value in the direct location of asbestos War .and post-war demands on known reserves of asbestos ore, however, stimulated the search for new deposits, and an economical and rapid method of directing speculative drilling was most desirable.

Jan 1, 1951

By K. Duffy, W. Valery, L. Pyle, P. Holtham

A conceptual scoping study was conducted to investigate pre-concentration options for upgrading ore from an Ag-Pb-Zn deposit. The low grade of the ore would result in only modest economic returns, given current market conditions. Several pre-concentration options were considered. These included: selective mining, crushing and pre-screening (following either standard or high intensity selective blasting), bulk ore sorting, particle sorting, jigging, dense medium separation, or combinations of these approaches. Flowsheets were developed for each option, and the upgrade performance was modelled using Limn to determine mass balances and stream tables. Due to the limited availability of test work data, the models were based not only on what test data was available but also on case study data found in the literature. The Bazin technique was used to derive assay by size data for different streams following crushing. Equipment lists and preliminary layouts were established based on the stream tables, and capital and operating costs were estimated for each flowsheet. This information was used to carry out a preliminary economic evaluation using net present value and sensitivity analysis. In this case, the most economically attractive process was found to be particle sorting; although further benefits may be realised by combining with bulk sorting. This paper describes the methodology used and the key findings of the study. Keywords: Pre-concentration, pre-screening, ore sorting, jigging, Ag-Pb-Zn, particle sorting, bulk ore sorting

Jan 1, 2020

By L. Alan Weakly

The Powder River Basin of northeastern Wyoming and southcentral Montana contains the largest strip minable reserve of compliance coal (0.27 kg or 0.6 or less Ibs of sulfur per million Btu) in the United States. In mining parlance, it is the mother lode. Wyoming&apos;s portion of the Basin is called the Southern Powder River Basin (SPRB). It has been the nation&apos;s top coal producer for the past nine years. And based on 1997 production statistics and estimated strippable compliance coal reserves, Wyoming should remain the nation&apos;s top producer for the next 51 plus years. In August 1994, ME featured 10 articles that covered all aspects of coal production in the SPRB. In this issue, five authors update the 1994 articles and provide a pre- diction of what the Basin will look like at the turn of the century. In addition to this article, the titles and authors of the other five articles include: ? "Geology of Wyoming&apos;s Powder River Basin coal field," by Gary B. Glass and Robert M. Lyman. ? "Coal quality challenges in the Powder River Basin," by Sharon Roness, Richard A. Turpin and Robert A. Young. ? "Markets for Southern Powder River Basin coal," by , Patti J. Best and Patrick W. Wright. ? "Evolution of mining equipment in the Powder River Basin," by Kenneth R. Miller and James L. Long. ? "Hauling coal into the 21st century," by Dave Willis and Will Cunningham.

Jan 1, 1998

By WM. G. Heeley

This paper will describe the experience gained and explain the deductions made from the phenomenon of the great squeeze which occurred at Brule Mines. The first indication of the commencement of the squeeze was the breaking of posts on the high-side rib of the slope. At first we thought this was due to a lateral pressure only, and we renewed the broken posts with new ones, the result being that the new posts also were soon broken. A noticeable bending and breaking of the collars occurred, with a corresponding reduction in the height of the haulage slope. These symptoms were also evident on the counter above the slope, indicating that the trouble was of an exceptional nature. In the meantime, we had concentrated a large force of repair men, renewing broken timbers and brushing the roof and floor, but in spite of all our efforts we could not overtake the damage being done. Our next problem was to find the cause of this trouble. We were in a new basin of coal (No. 2) which had only been opened a few months, as we had worked the previous four years in another basin (No. 3) where no such trouble as this had ever been encountered. Naturally our first thought concerned the adequacy of the size of the pillars. We had worked in the No. 3 south basin for the previous four years. without any such experience, with 60-feet pillars between slope and counters; whereas we had established 100-foot pillars in the No. 2 south basin between the slopes and counters with an 80-foot pillar between counter and first line of cross-cuts, and 100-foot pillars between the breasts.

Jan 1, 1924

By D Trembath

"One of the key risks to the success of a mining operation is the accuracy of the estimates of both the economic mineral and any accompanying contaminants contained within the ore reserve. Misrepresenting the mineralogical characteristics of the ore reserve can result in considerable financial investment in an operation that is in fact uneconomic and/or carries a significant environmental risk. This in turn can result in an unplanned closure of the operation with associated financial, environmental and social legacy. One way to minimise this risk is to undertake high density resource sampling to gain a better understanding of the resource characteristics. However, such an approach is expensive, time-consuming and often impractical. The risk of not having an accurate model is typically assessed during a feasibility study utilising a Monte Carlo simulation method or some form of sensitivity analysis. Importantly, the error margins used in these types of analyses are often based on subjective or very general criteria such as ‘professional judgement’ or an ‘industry standard’. This presentation introduces a conditional simulation method for developing a range of mineralogical distribution models. Based broadly on the method outlined in Journel and Kyriakidis (2004) the proposed approach develops this work further. It combines a geostatistical analysis of the available data with automated mine design software to provide a rigorous method for assessing the confidence in the mineralogical characterisation of the ore reserve. The process is based on simulating possible mine plans based on the statistical characteristics of the available resource sample data. These plans are then assessed against high resolution resource models generated using a Sequential Gaussian Simulation method. The outcome is confidence intervals for important characteristics of the ore reserve estimate relative to the actual resource. These confidence intervals are an objective and transparent measure important for assessing closure risks and represent an improvement over common practice.CITATION:Trembath, D, 2016. A simulation approach for improving the assessment of closure risks, in Proceedings Life-of-Mine 2016 Conference , pp 36–38 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne)."

Jun 28, 2016

By AIME AIME

OUT of the fabulous iron ranges of Michigan?s Upper Peninsula since Pearl Harbor have come go to the steel mills to become tanks, guns, ships, and other weapons for a United Nations&apos; victory. But the contributions to the war effort, as far as Michigan&apos;s iron country is concerned, do not stop there. The same men who mine iron ore deep inside the earth also are "mining" on top of the ground, gleaning a harvest of scrap iron and steel that is writing a big chapter in the War Production Board&apos;s salvage program. At virtually every mine over an area of a hundred square miles, everyone from the top mine official and straw boss to the man in the dippings is scrap conscious. They know the importance of the ore they mine but they are equally familiar with the importance of iron and steel scrap in war production. The successful job they are doing in salvage is a tribute to the entire Upper Michigan mining industry and to the man who marshaled them into action-John M. Bush, chief of the land department for the Cleveland- Cliffs Iron Co. at Negaunee, and for ten years an A.I.M.E. member. Also, this job should be an inspiration to 611 mining. metallurgical, and petroleum communities as to the latent possibilities of organized scrap recovery.

Jan 1, 1943

By Jorge James

En los últimos 20 años la conflictividad social alrededor de las minas y proyectos mineros ha aumentado debido a diferentes razones. Haciendo un análisis de los conflictos se pueden extraer lecciones que sirvan a las empresas mineras para evitar, o al menos mitigar, conflictos futuros. Esta lista de 50 lecciones puede servir como una guía de lo que hay que hacer, de lo que hay que evitar, o por lo menos de qué temas se deben tomar en cuenta al momento de desarrollar un proyecto minero.

May 10, 2023

By AIME AIME

Change of Meeting from Birmingham to Chattanooga. In consequence of the disturbed conditions attending a long¬continued labor strike in Alabama, the meeting of the Institute was changed from Birmingham, Ala., to Chattanooga, Tenn., where it will. begin on Thursday evening, Oct. 1, 1908. Information. of this change bad been sent to the newspapers through the Associated Press, and by circular to all members, when news was received of the sudden and unexpected termination of the strike referred to. It was, unfortunately, too late to change once more the arrangements for the meeting. But it is hoped that the cordial invitation of the citizens of ,Birmingham may be renewed and accepted at a future time, not too remote. Office Facilities for Visiting Members. A separate room in the suite occupied by the American Institute of Mining Engineers on the ninth floor of the United Engineering Society Building, has been equipped with furniture and telephone extension for the temporary use of members of the Institute or of sister societies, or visitors suitably accredited. Members of the Institute visiting New York for a short time, who need office facilities during their stay, or members residing in the city. who need temporary office accommodation, can arrange to have set apart for their exclusive use a room, equipped with office furniture, telephone, etc.,. in the suite of the Institute. It is not the intention to give possession of the room to any individual for an indefinite time, but to offer to members of the Institute an opportunity to acquire a well-located, well-equipped business headquarters to carry on transactions which

Jan 9, 1908

By H. W. Glen

The National Institute for Metallurgy - usually referred to as NIM - has become the Council for Mineral Technology, or Mintek. The Honourable F. W. de Klerk, Minister of Mineral and Energy Affairs, announced the change of name at the official opening of the main entrance to Mintek&apos;s premises on 30th October, 1981. Awards for bravery Two men who disregarded the dangers of fiercely burning timber and falling rocks to douse an underground fire, using their hard hats to scoop water from a drain, received the Chamber of Mines Award for bravery at a ceremony held at West Driefontein Gold Mine near the end of October.

Jan 1, 1981

By AIME AIME

As already announced in the January Bulletin, this publication will be issued during the coming year monthly instead of bi-monthly as heretofore. Among other reasons for this change, it is desired to effect thereby the earlier transmission to members of important papers, lists of candidates for membership, and other items of timely information. Spokane Meeting and Excursions. Further details of the 97th meeting of the Institute have been sent to members in the Circular of May 8, 1909. The list of those intending to go on the excursion is filling up, and since preference in position of state-room or berth is given in the order of application, members and guests who expect to accompany the party and have not yet communicated with Mr.. Theodore Dwight, 29 West 39th St., New York, N. Y., are earnestly requested to do so without delay. For convenience of the members a summary of the additional information is here presented. A special train of Pullman cars will leave Chicago about September 15. This train will be side-tracked at all places visited, and the sleepers will be available for lodging and the dining-car for meals during the entire trip, except during the Yellowstone Park tour. The general cost of the trip per member will be $300, which includes transportation, berth, and meals for the entire trip from Chicago back to Chicago, almost 6,000 miles, and the tour through. Yellowstone Park, occupying in all about 30 days. Special, accommodations on the train will be furnished at the following rates

Jun 1, 1909

By Brendan Demich, Brendan Macdonald, Timothy J. Orr, Jonathan K. Hrica, CASSANDRA L. HOEBBEL, Jason Navoyski, Jennica L. Bellanca

The paper describes the process of collecting detailed accounts of near-miss incidents and turning them into impactful visual stories using graphic simulation. The aim is to create high-quality training materials to reduce haul-truck-related accidents and fatalities in mining.

Sep 1, 2023