Search Documents

OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS For the year ending February, 1935 PRESIDENT AND DIRECTOR HOWARD N. EAVENSON PITTSBURGH, PA. PAST PRESIDENTS AND DIRECTORS SCOTT TURNER WASHINGTON, D. C. FREDERICK M. BECKET NEW YORK, N. Y. VICE-PRESIDENT, TREASURER AND DIRECTOR KARL EILERS NEW YORK, N. Y. VICE-PRESIDENTS AND DIRECTORS EUGENE MCAULIFFE OMAHA, NEB. PAUL D. MERICA NEW YORK, N. Y. HENRY KRUMB SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH EDGAR RICKARD NEW YORK, N. Y. LOUIS S. CATES NEW YORK, N. Y.

Jan 1, 1934

By R. K. Waring

A KNOWLEDGE of the mutual liquid solubility of zinc and lead is of importance in various phases of zinc metallurgy. The determination of this solubility has been the subject of numerous investigations, but unfortunatel, the results vary widely, particularly at higher tempera-tures, and it has been impossible to decide what data are most reliable. It was decided to investigate the matter and in view of the disagreement in the published results, it was felt necessary to take rather unusual precautions to insure the reliability of the data. For this reason deter-minations were made by four different methods, and the procedures of several of the previous investigators were duplicated. The previously used methods can be divided into two classes: methods involving freezing the entire melt and taking samples of the lead-rich and zinc-rich phases in the solid state, 1,2 and methods in which the. samples are taken while the bath is liquid and at the desired temperature. 3,4 Data obtained by methods involving freezing the entire melt show much lower solubility of lead in zinc than methods in which the liquid is sampled at temperature. The latter method was used by Spring and Romanoff5 and by Hass and Jellinek.6 The results of these two investi-gations are in agreement at temperatures near the melting point but at higher temperatures Hass and Jellinek find a higher mutual solubility.

Jan 1, 1934

Jan 1, 1934

Jan 1, 1934

Truman H. Aldrich John H. Allen W. Lawrence Austin W. S. Ayres John Henry Banks Wm de L. Benedict Robert Bentley Andrew A Blair Walter M. Brodie

Jan 1, 1934

By Eric Jette

The nickel-chromium alloys form the base f for many industrial heating alloys, so that this system is of considerable practical importance. The literature on these alloys, however, contains much conflicting evi-dence, not only regarding the solubility limits of the terminal solid solu-tions at different temperatures but even regarding, the number of phases existing in the system. Part of the difficulty undoubtedly arises from the fact that chromium of sufficiently high purity has been available only during the last few years. A second and possibly even more impor-tant difficulty arises from the ease with which chromium reacts with silicon and carbon compounds and the atmosphere to form silicides, carbides, nitrides and oxides. Pilling and kihlgren1 in 1929 reviewed the existing scanty information. They did not consider the diagram by which they summarized the various bits of information to be entirely satisfactory. Matsunaga2 investigated the system by thermal analysis, microscopic examination and other means. Electrolytic nickel of 99.9 per cent purity and thermit chromium containing 0.30 per cent al, 0.40 per cent fe, 0.25 per cent si and 0.04 per cent c were used. A tammann furnace with hydrogen flowing through it was used for melting. Sekito and matsunaga3 reported an x-ray, investigation presumably on these same

Jan 1, 1934

The thirty-second regular meeting of the Rocky Mountain Coal Mining Institute was called to order at ll: 40 o'clock A. M., Monday, February 26th, 1934, President L. R. Weber presiding. Misses Helen Kelly and Marian Rodell presented President Weber with vases of flowers in behalf of the Institute. On motion of Harry Bubb, duly seconded, it was voted that the reading of the minutes be dispensed with, inasmuch as they are printed in the proceedings. The President made hi annual report. The Secretary-Treasurer made his annual report. The following committees were appointed by the President: Nomination s Committee-David Brown, chairman; G. A. Knox, G. C. Davis, George B. Dick, Walter Bachman.

Jan 1, 1934

The 1935 meeting will beheld in Denver, the exact date to be announced later. If you have any sugges¬tions for the place or program, send them to the Secretary at once.

Jan 1, 1934

Jan 1, 1934

By G. L. Oldright

The studies previously made on Smelting in the Lead Blast Furnace have dealt with the custom smelter of the International Smelting Co. at Tooele, Utah, and on the smelter of the Bunker Hill & Sullivan Mining & Smelting Co. at Kellogg, Idaho. The International plant may be considered representative of the traditional custom smelter. The lead smelter of the future seemingly will have to treat increasingly richer lead charges. This feature was then stressed in describing the Bunker Hill plant.

Jan 1, 1934

By L. Ross Weber

Gentlemen and guests of the Rocky Mountain Coal Mining Institute: This is the thirty-second regular meeting of our Institute, and rather than try to make some extemporaneous remarks, I thought it best to write them out, so I could in that way give them to you, and probably give you a new thought for the future conduct of our Institute. The thirty-first regular meeting of the Rocky Mountain Coal Mining Institute was held in Salt Lake City, June 22, 23, and 24, 1932, and due to rapidly changing conditions in the coal industry, subsequent meetings have been postponed from time to time, as many of our members and our Secretary have been tied up with code and labor matters. Since our last meeting, at which was discussed problems of vital interest to all of us, especially the production and marketing of coal safely and economically, and the stabilization of our industry, which has already suffered two years of deplorable conditions, almost two more years have been added to the record, but during the past six months miracles have happened, and an industry which formerly was unable to govern itself, has now, through the aid of our Government, at least learned how to make a proper start in that direction. Whether we like it or not, and whether or not the things being done are in agreement with our various political beliefs, without doubt, we are in a much better position today than prior to this transformation. However, it is a pleasure to all of us to note that safety has not been lost sight of in the interim, and without doubt, as later papers and statistics will substantiate, the period since our last regular meeting has probably shown the most remarkable safety achievement of any period in recent history.

Jan 1, 1934

Albin, B. R Billings, Mont. '28 Amster, Nathan L 25 Broad St., New York, N. Y. '28 Bache, Jules S 42 Broadway, New York, N. Y. '28 Barrett, C. P 5338 Harper Ave., Chicago, 111. '28 Bayless, William S Russ Bldg., San Francisco, Cal. '28 Bean, Louis, H 60 E. 42nd St., New York, N. Y. '28 Beatty, Ross J Room 604, 6 N. Clark St., Chicago, III. '28 Benwell, Oswald F Hold Mags. '28 Beymer, Albert S., V.P., Keystone National Bank Pittsburgh, Pa. '28 Blumenthal, Hugo 44 Pine St., New York, N. Y. '28 Boettcher. Charles Ideal Cement Bldg., Denver, Colo. '28 Bowlus, Thomas H., Banker, Pres., Allen County State Bank Iola, Ran. '28 Brown, Colvin B Chamber of Commerce, Washington, D. C. '28 Burt, Maxwell Struthers Southern Pines, N. C. '28

Jan 1, 1934

Jan 1, 1934

By Irwin Roman

Numerous results and formulas have been published for analyzing seismic records, but most of them apply only to large-scale phenomena such as are encountered in studying earthquakes. In a few cases,' formulas have been published for some of the simpler structures. In the present paper, an attempt will be made to analyze several types of structures without using methods more advanced than those of a first course in calculus. In tracing a disturbance through a medium, it is almost always possible to base the analysis on Fermat's Principle of Extreme Time, which states that waves of displacement travel between points in such a manner as to make the time of travel an extremum with respect to all neighboring paths. In the simpler cases, comprising most of those used in optics or geophysical prospecting, this time is a minimum and the principle is often referred to as the Principle of Least Time. Within a homogeneous medium, having a uniform speed of transmission of the disturbance in all directions and throughout the medium, the paths are straight and are refracted at the interfaces in accordance with the Snell law of refraction, which states that the ratio of the sine of the angle, made by the ray with the normal to the interface, to the speed of transmission is the same on both sides of the interface. Thus, in any medium composed of homogeneous sections, this same ratio has a constant value at all points. In particular, if all interfaces are horizontal, it is apparent that the angles of incidence are the angles made by the ray with the vertical direction. Furthermore, the incident ray, the refracted ray and the normal to the interface are all in the same plane at each refraction,

Jan 1, 1934

By O. W. Ellis

Before entering upon a general discussion of the fascinating, but at present rather controversial, subject of gases in copper, the author feels that some attention should be directed to the work which has been carried out on the solubility of gases in metals. The outstanding contributions to our knowledge of this subject have been made by Sieverts and his collaborators(1) † and by Iwasé.(2) Both the German and the Japanese investigators employed apparatus of the same general design in their investigations. Full reference need only be made, therefore, to the German scheme, which is diagrammati-cally illustrated in Fig. 1. This, to use the words of Sieverts, which he employed in describing his arrangement of apparatus at the 1928 meeting of der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Metallkunde(10): shows a diagram of the usual mode of procedure. A quartz flask contains the metal (for high temperatures a highly refractory porcelain tube is used) and is connected with the rest of the apparatus by means of a stopcock. The other parts consist of a burette divided into 1/10 c.c., a leveling tube, and an adjustable mercury reservoir. The burette is connected on one side with the gas inlet and on the other side with the absorption flask; the connection can be interrupted by means of suitable taps. Another tap permits the connection of the flask and the Töpler pump. In an experiment the quartz flask is first exhausted and then a measured quantity of gas is let in from the burette. In the first place the volume of the flask when empty is found by calibration with an inert gas. The pressure is read off on the level tube of the burette, and the temperature measured by means of a thermocouple whose welded junction lies close to the outside of the quartz flask, which is heated in an electric furnace. In several experiments the quantity of absorbed gas was transferred to a burette by means of a pump and measured. Care was taken by Sieverts to cool the ground-in joint between the reaction flask (or tube) and the rest of the system. Suitable precautions

Jan 1, 1934

By L. W. McKeehan

IT is no longer necessary, if it ever was, for your annual lecturer to apologize for including in his remarks frequent references to the arrange-ment of metal atoms in crystals and for basing his arguments that metals behave as they do upon their crystal structure. Neither will any objec-tion be raised because the large metallic crystals of which we will speak are hard to prepare and of negligible commercial interest. The particular set of physical properties we propose to discuss-ferromagnetic proper-ties-may require more justification. Very few in this audience are primarily, or even remotely, interested in the ferromagnetic behavior of the metals they handle. By no means all of you ever deal, by choice or by necessity, with metals which display any ferromagnetism at all, and even those who study or control ferrous metallurgy must usually depend upon electrical engineers for assistance in ferromagnetic applications. My excuse for talking about such an obvious specialty is, like all Gaul, divided into three parts. In the first place, the members of the com-mittee who select the annual lecturer must wish the speaker to confine himself to matters he has at least thought about before he prepares his speech. In the second place, the study of ferromagnetism in crystals has, as you will soon realize, suffered in the not-too-distant past from inade-quate metallurgy. Further progress probably depends upon proper use being made of the skill and knowledge of some members of the Institute of Metals Division who have not, before today, been asked to think about the problems presented here. Finally, there is at least a sporting chance that the ferromagnetic properties of a few metal crystals will give some insight into the more generally interesting properties which they share with nonferromagnetic metal crystals.

Jan 1, 1934

The following have been compiled from information furnished through the courtesy of Dr. W. P. Haynes, of London, and Mr. T. V. Grigorescu of Ploesti, Rumania. Gura Ocnitzei was the most active field during the year, furnishing 40 per cent of the production and 50 per cent of the drilling activity. Extensions to the west in this field were made both by Concordia and Romana Americana. In these new extensions the bulk of the production comes from the Drader member of the Dacian, with an average depth of 1300 m.; the underlying third Meotic at 1700 m. has not been developed yet. In Gura Ocnitzei east no new drilling has been done in 1933, but here declining pressures have led to the extensive use of gas-lift and pumps. Ochiuri saw some small drilling activity, but production declined. Two good wells were brought in by Unirea and Astra at the close of the year. Boldesti continued to be developed on a general plan by the four major companies interested. Production was from the Meotic, which in this dome has been penetrated for 356 m. Reserves have been estimated at about 63,000,000 bbl. An important discovery in this area was the bringing in of Credit Minier No. 1 Harsa to the east of the main field and producing from the Meotic. This well came in during October, 1932, and is now making 1400 barrels. In the Moreni Piscuri field only routine operations have been carried on. The prolific sands are now declining rapidly. Ceptura also saw only routine operations. In the Arcesti field development of the Meotic continues. Seven new wells were brought in during the year and ten were drilling at the close of 1930. The field produced over a million barrels for the first time during 1933. In the other fields only routine operations were carried on. A considerable increase in efficiency of operations was noted during the year. The average drilling time has been reduced, coring programs have been amplified, and much care has been taken in straight hole drilling. The Schlumberger electrical coring apparatus is extensively used. Electric-driven rotaries have been introduced at Gura Ocnitzei. The Moniteur du Pétrole Rouman reports that the index cost of drilling one meter, taking 1929 as a base of 100, has been reduced to 32 in 1933.

Jan 1, 1934

By Irwin Roman

In a previous paper,l a method was suggested for determining the depth to a bed in the simple case of a uniform overlying layer of constant thickness. The main purpose of the present paper is to show how a slight modification of that method has been used to interpret specific data obtained in the upper peninsula of Michigan by the staff of the Depart- ment of Mathematics and Physics of the Michigan College of Mining and Technology. The method of Tagg2 has also been used on the same data, thus furnishing a comparison of the two methods, as well as a method of using the two methods jointly. The method of measuring the apparent resistivity is that suggested by Wenner,3 and illustrated in Fig. 1. A current I enters the earth at the positive pole C and leaves it at the negative pole D. The potential V of the high electrode A, with respect to the low electrode B is measured by suitable means. The separation of the collinear points in the order shown, DBA C, is I, the same for each interval. If the resistivity of the overburden is po, and that of the bed is pa, the apparent resistivity is given by

Jan 1, 1934

By J. R. Dinn

On the afternoon of Saturday, June 23rd last; there was an unusual occurrence at the surface plant of the Dominion Coal Company's Caledorria mine, Glace Bay, which operates on the Phalen seam, here lying at a depth of 170 feet from the surface. On that day, the writer, who was attending a business conference in the General Office about a mile distant from the Colliery, received a telephone call to the effect that there was a strong odour of gasoline or kerosene in the wash-house and lamp-house of the Colliery, and that the attendants in both the wash-house and the lamp-house had become ill and had had to be sent home. Instructions were given at once to cut off the electric current, and to close all doors to prevent access to the building. When the writer arrived at the plant and questioned the workmen, he was led to the belief that the gasoline tank in the lamp-house (used in connection with flame safety lamps) had leaked and that the gas, having volatilized, had displaced sufficient oxygen to cause the trouble. Emphasis was being placed on the kerosene, or, as some said, the gasoline, odour. In the lamp-house, there is a small shuttered window which opens on a corridor. Here the workmen receive their lamps from the lamp attendant. An examiner, with a flame safety-lamp, proceeded to test the atmosphere within the building by passing his lamp through the open window, since, if the trouble was due to volatilized gasoline, a gas cap would be shown on the flame of the safety-lamp. After holding the lamp for a few seconds inside of the window, he withdrew it and remarked, "There's no gas cap" . Almost immediately the lamp fell from his hand and he dropped unconscious to the floor of the corridor. The writer, who was standing beside him, felt no ill effects and removed him at once from the corridor. Steps were immediately taken to revive him ( artificial respiration) , and in about ten minutes he became conscious and was breathing naturally. In making the examination, his head was not inside the window, but in line with the frame of it. It was apparent that some gas more deadly than the hydrocarbons from gasoline was present.

Jan 1, 1934

Truman H. Aldrich John H. Allen W. Lawrence Austin W. S. Ayres John Henry Banks Wm de L. Benedict Robert Bentley Andrew A Blair Walter M. Brodie

Jan 1, 1934