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By Javier Casas, Richard Corsino, Miguel Baylon, Miguel González

El presente trabajo consistirá en presentar la metodología realizada para la inyección de cianuro a presión en el pad 1A, la cual contempla la realización de estudios de las condiciones del pad, barrenación de los pozos de inyección y de monitoreo, realización de pruebas metalúrgicas, inyección de cianuro a presión, monitoreo geotécnico en la inyección, y finalmente los enjuagues realizados. Finalmente se presentarán los resultados obtenidos de las onzas de oro y plata recuperadas de esta prueba piloto y los planes futuros que se tienen acerca de estos trabajos.

Sep 30, 2022

By Jaime Gómez, María Luisa Pecho

El presente trabajo de investigación aplicada tiene como fin dar a conocer los hallazgos experimentales obtenidos, a niveles de laboratorio y de Planta Piloto, sobre el comportamiento de los sulfuros comunes en la flotación con agua de mar

Sep 30, 2022

By Ronald Ticona, Jair Alarcón

Generalmente, la operación de perforación y voladura se gestiona de forma independiente a los resultados de la planta de procesamiento. Por lo tanto, la segmentación técnica para determinar los diseños de perforación y voladura del mineral no incluye las propiedades de la roca de la planta de procesamiento, como el Bond Work Index, Axb, Drop Weight Index u otros. El año 2021, en la operación de una mina de cobre del Perú, de acuerdo a su plan de minero tendría una dureza de molienda SAG significativamente mayor, lo que impactaría directamente en la producción de concentrados de cobre. Se volvió necesaria la búsqueda una estrategia integrada entre mina a planta para mantener los niveles de producción.

Sep 30, 2022

By Enrique Monroy

El presente documento cuenta con un explicativo de operaciones tradicionales en el manipuleo de elementos de desgates en perforadoras mineras. Actualmente, estos ítems de desgate se cambias manualmente o con ayuda de una pequeña grúa hidráulica, la cual cuenta con un gancho al que amarran cadenas o eslingas. Esta operación es manual. El Sistema De Automatización Robótico, permite hacer el cambio y manipulación de estos ítems de manera segura, sin contacto y aumentando la productividad (Tiempo) en 200 % promedio.

Sep 30, 2022

By Fernando Altamirano, Samuel Rolando, Jorge Osada

La estrategia implementada desde el inicio de la pandemia el 16 de marzo 2020, fue exitosa logrando prevenir brotes potenciales no controlados en el campamento minero y proteger a los trabajadores y sus familias, así como mantener los niveles de producción y la continuidad de la empresa a un costo razonable, generando un beneficio económico para los trabajadores y sus familias. Asimismo, las medidas preventivas se extendieron a las poblaciones de la provincia de Espinar y el Cusco mitigando los efectos de la pandemia.

Sep 30, 2022

By Ariel Medina, Alvaro Rendón, César Moscoso

El presente trabajo tiene como finalidad explicar la importancia de adoptar un enfoque híbrido en los modelos clásicos de molienda, abriendo paso a nuevos modelos híbridos que habilitan la determinación de información clave para la optimización del proceso y de la forma más oportuna posible: en tiempo real. Luego, se expone la metodología utilizada para el desarrollo y validación de un modelo híbrido particular capaz de predecir en tiempo real, con alta efectividad y precisión el nivel de llenado de bolas (Jb), nivel de llenado total (Jc) y potencia consumida de un Molino SAG en operación.

Sep 30, 2022

By Frank Gómez, Solange Ríos, Jean Valencia

La eficiencia y evolución de las actividades de perforación y voladura son de gran relevancia en la actualidad debido al impacto que causa en los procesos posteriores dentro de las operaciones mineras. Sin embargo, esta actividad unitaria experimenta numerosos problemas operativos debido a la mala elección de la malla de perforación y del explosivo, lo cual causa sobre-excavación, mala fragmentación, dilución y pérdida de mineral, entre otros. El objetivo de este trabajo técnico es optimizar las actividades de perforación y voladura de la Unidad Minera San Rafael aplicando los modelos de rotura y predicción de cavidades.

Sep 30, 2022

By Cinthia Barboza, Heber Hernández, Elisabete Alberdi

La definición de dominios geológicos es una de las primeras etapas en el proceso de modelado espacial y estimación de recursos minerales. La muestra resultante de un proceso exploratorio minero es dividida en zonas donde su ley mineral presenta homogeneidad o variación mínima, así mismo se diferencian unas de otras por sus rasgos geológicos y espaciales. La importancia de la definición de estos dominios radica en que la calidad de las técnicas de estimación y por consiguiente la correcta cuantificación del recurso mineral, mejorará en zonas geoestadísticamente estacionarias y geológicamente diferenciables.

Sep 30, 2022

By David Estrella, Alexander Alvarez, Hernando Valdivia, Héctor Paredes

En Compañía Minera Antamina; como parte de la constante innovación tecnológica en su Concentradora de minerales polimetálicos, se ha hecho uso de Analítica Avanzada de Datos, mediante la aplicación de Machine Learning, con el objetivo de incrementar su producción metálica de cobre equivalente, generando modelos articulados que maximizan el tonelaje procesado en Molienda SAG, así como incrementan la recuperación metálica en Flotación de cobre y Flotación de zinc, sin afectar la capacidad del proceso ni las calidades de concentrados a producir.

Sep 30, 2022

By Arturo Fahrenkrog

Esta es una presentación técnica que aborda los lixiviados tóxicos y la inestabilidad de las estructuras de relaves mineros y/o estructuras de tierra. La lixiviación estructural y la inestabilidad crean en la mineria serias preocupaciones de impacto ambiental, así como preocupaciones de seguridad de las partes interesadas, y una responsabilidad de pérdidas y ganancias financieras potencialmente extrema. La estabilidad hidrofóbica de los relaves y la contención de la unión de lixiviados tóxicos reducirán el impacto ambiental al tiempo que aumentan la seguridad geotécnica y la confianza de los stakeholder y disminuyen la responsabilidad por pérdidas y ganancias para la industria minera y fallas de estructuras de tierra.

Sep 30, 2022

By Carlos Herrera, Paulo Alcazar, Alex Conco, Fremy Flores

Las redes neuronales artificiales son un subconjunto del machine learning y están en el corazón de los algoritmos de Deep learning reflejando el comportamiento del cerebro humano, permitiendo así que las soluciones tecnológicas reconozcan patrones y resuelvan problemas comunes en los campos de la IA. Este modelo matemático es capaz de aprender a través de un aprendizaje supervisado de patrones de conocimiento. Se investigó una solución que involucra cuatro tipos de sistemas.

Sep 30, 2022

By Stanko Nikolic, Oscar Mendoza, Christian Pasten, Stuart Nicol, Ben Hogg

ISASMELT™ technology is based on the use of an elegant furnace system design which uses submerged lance technology to provide highly efficient mixing and reaction of feed materials in a molten slag bath. Within Peru the ISASMELT™ technology has been applied to the Southern Copper Ilo Smelter, part of Grupo Mexico. Southern Copper selected the ideal technology to meet their sulphur capture and particulate emissions requirements whilst minimising capital and operating costs. The commissioning of the ISASMELT™ in 2007 marked the modernisation of the primary smelting section of their smelter, with traditional batch converters still used for the secondary smelting stage of the copper production flowsheet.

Sep 30, 2022

By Gökhan Çevikbilen, Ümit Karadoğan, Sevde Korkut, Berrak Teymur

This study proposes a methodology for dewatering of mine waste using a multistage process, combining geotextile tubes and anionic polyacrylamide (PAM), which accelerates the recycling process of water for aggregate mine waste facilities. For this purpose, waste from a rock quarry located in Istanbul was investigated. Flocculation tests revealed that the use of anionic PAM at an optimum dosage reduced sedimentation time and decreased turbidity. The compatibility of geotextiles and mine waste conditioned with different dosages of the effective PAM was evaluated by rapid dewatering tests, considering the water content of the filter cake, amount of infiltrated solid content, and rate of filtration. Geotextile dewatering tests were also performed on PAM-free and conditioned suspensions. The dewatering process was optimized by the use of a geotextile tube in two stages: (i) on the unconditioned suspension and (ii) on recovered PAM-conditioned leachate. Directing PAM-free non-hazardous soil-based material obtained in stage i to alternative beneficial uses is suggested, to minimize the volume of waste. Furthermore, recycling of the effluent obtained at the second stage of the proposed method will ensure more efficient water reuse

Sep 29, 2022

By José Maria Silva, Eugênio Oliveira, Ruberlan Silva, Thiago Souza, Lucas Reis, Lorena Guimarães, Matheus Bianchetti

Copper mine operations consistently generate a large quantity of tailings after their concentration processing. These tailings are either piled up or stored in a dam, where both alternatives of disposal lead to environmental impacts. The dam copper tailings have a huge potential for by-product production thus improving sustainability and profitability in industrial operations. This paper describes a study aiming at producing a magnetite pellet feed as a by-product from a dam chalcopyrite flotation tailings and generating free magnetite non-magnetic rougher tailings. The chemical assay and mineralogy analysis of dam copper flotation tailings indicate low Fe grade (6.34 wt%), high SiO2 grade (63.14 wt%), low magnetite (3.6 wt%), and high iron silicates content (22.72 wt%). The complex mineralogy of these tailings leads to the need of grinding the rougher magnetite pellet feed as fine as 80% of particles smaller than 20 μm ( P80) aiming at improving magnetite liberation. The proposed process route comprises a scalping screen, low field rougher, and cleaner magnetic separations using a drum magnetic separator (80 kA/m or 1000 Gauss), followed by silicates reverse cationic flotation as a recleaner step. With this process route, it was possible to produce a high-quality magnetite pellet feed reaching 68.00 wt% of Fe, 2.13 wt% of SiO2, 0.51 wt% of Al2O3, and 95.1 wt% of magnetite. The Blaine specific surface area was 2300 cm2/ g, being in the range recommended for pelletizing (1900 up to 3000 cm2/ g). The total mass, Fe, SiO2, Al2O3, and magnetite recoveries were 2.77%, 29.71%, 0.09%, 0.12%, and 73.17%, respectively. Most of the magnetite losses, around 20% of total magnetite fed, occurred in the oversize of the scalping screen. Additionally, it generated non-magnetic rougher tailings with less than 1.0 wt% of magnetite that could be used as by-products and reduced the amount of tailings disposal in a dam. This study contributes toward the sustainability of operation, minimizing tailings disposal.

Sep 28, 2022

By Steven J. Schatzel, Kayode M. Ajayi, Zoheir Khademian

The integrity of unconventional shale gas well casings positioned in the abutment pillar of a longwall mine could be jeopardized by longwall-induced deformations. Under such scenarios, the surrounding fracture networks could provide pathways for gas flow into the mine creating safety concerns. To provide recommendations for developing guidelines that ensure a safe co-existence of longwall mining and unconventional shale gas production, this study evaluates the impact of parameters that could affect potential shale gas flow into the mine in the event of a casing breach using a discrete fracture network (DFN) model. These parameters are evaluated using a conceptualized DFN realization that is representative of the fractured zone in the overburden, and the range of parameter variations is within values validated with field measurements. The results show that a decrease in fracture aperture (potentially due to longwall-induced stress in the likely vicinity of the breach location) reduces the potential gas flow to the mine by a significantly higher proportion. A 50% decrease in the aperture of the fracture that directly transports the gas from the casing breach location reduces the gas flow to the mine by over 70%. Similarly, changes in the fracture water saturation level significantly affect the gas flow. In all cases, the potential gas flow to the mine is higher if the casing breach occurs at an increased gas well pressure. These findings provide critical information regarding the impact of each of the parameters associated with gas flow in the event of a shale gas casing breach near a longwall mine and could help towards the development of guidelines to ensure a safe coexistence of both industries.

Sep 28, 2022

By Shaoyang Yan, Xinming Chen, Huazhe Jiao, Huaibao Chu, Chang Wang

In terms of the technical problems of rib spalling in large mining height coal face, a long-distance advanced pre-grouting layer flexible reinforcement technology is proposed in this paper. Based on the mechanism and failure mode of rib spalling in the coal face, the mechanical properties of the aluminum plastic composite pipe were analyzed by using the tensile and compression experiment. The deformation and strength characteristics of “flexible pipe + grouting” specimens were studied by uniaxial compression test, splitting test, and shear test. The UDEC numerical simulation software was used to simulate the reinforcement effect of “flexible pipe + grouting” at different positions. Combined with the field application, the feasibility of long-distance advanced pre-grouting layer flexible reinforcement technology was verified. The test results show the following: The coal face has the characteristics of brittle and large deformation. The aluminum plastic composite pipe has the characteristics of good elongation and tensile strength, which can endure the large deformation of the coal face. The “flexible pipe + grouting” can improve the tensile and shear strength of coal. The UDEC numerical simulation analysis indicated that the grouting hole layout of “flexible pipe + grouting” has a significant difference in the reinforcement effect of the coal face. Compared with single row grouting reinforcement, the reinforcement effect of double row grouting holes 1.5 m and 3.0 m away from the roof is better. According to the field application, it is feasible to use aluminum plastic composite pipe as a flexible grouting pipe to reinforce coal seam with 80–100 m long-distance pre-grouting. Long-distance advanced pre-grouting layer flexible reinforcement technology can improve the daily production of coal and reduce the support cost of the coal face. As a new method of reinforcement, long-distance layered flexible reinforcement has a significant effect on the prevention and treatment of rib spalling in large mining height coal face.

Sep 27, 2022

By Taghi Sherizadeh, Kutay E. Karadeniz, Dogukan Guner, Samuel Nowak

Underground mining environments bring occupational health and safety issues with some severe dangers such as mine disasters like explosions. During such events, miners might escape using main access openings, or find a safe haven like refuge alternatives (RAs) to wait and be rescued and evacuated to the surface. In this paper, RAs are explained with their early and current applications. A classification as permanent and portable is explained depending on the conditions and their abilities. This classification is followed by the utilization and survivability of RAs with the requirements and recommendations of the main mining countries. Based on the utilization and survivability constraints, basic human requirements, waiting for a rescue team, and the required physical specifications of RAs during the events are analyzed in detail for various countries with their regulations. Among these, the specification, resistance to the explosion, is discussed in particular, and the studies in the literature are examined in terms of structural deformation. The highest deformed zones, the beneficiation of reinforcing steel components such as stiffeners, and the simulation approaches are investigated through this review.

Sep 24, 2022

By Juan J. Monsalve, Mario Karfakis, AMAN SONI, Nino Ripepi, Jim Hazzard

Pillar collapses are events that due to their severe consequences can be classified as high risk. The design of pillars in underground room-and-pillar operations should migrate to risk-based design approaches. The authors of this work proposed a risk-based pillar design methodology that integrates stochastic discrete element modeling for pillar strength estimation, and stochastic finite volume modeling (FVM) for stress estimation. This paper focuses on the stochastic FVM component for stress estimation. The mining and geomechanical aspects of a case study mine (CSM) are described and pillar stresses are estimated by using three approaches: (1) analytical solutions, (2) 2D finite element modeling, and (3) 3D finite volume modeling. This operation extracts a 30° dipping deposit, which makes current underground stone mine design guidelines inapplicable for this CSM. This work compares results from each stress estimation approach and discusses uses the point estimate method as a simplified stochastic approach to evaluate the effect of rock mass elastic properties variability on pillar stress distribution. Results from this work show that the three estimation approaches lead to different estimations, possibly, due to the wide range of assumptions each estimation approach considers. It was also determined that the horizontal to vertical stress ratio has a significant impact on pillar stress magnitude. Therefore, it is recommended to perform in situ stress measurements, or assume worst-case-scenario values to account and reduce uncertainty due to this parameter. The stochastic stress estimation approach used in this paper provides results that can integrate a risk-based pillar design framework.

Sep 24, 2022

By Ezz El Din Abdel Hakim Khalaf, Khalid S. Essa, Marc Munschy, Mohamed A. S. Youssef

This study focused on joint interpretation of the aeromagnetic and radiometric data to allocate and describe the structural elements and mineralization zones such as uranium, gold, and sulfide in the Gebel Umm Tineidba and its surroundings, Eastern Desert, Egypt. The study region is covered by exposures of Precambrian rocks such as gneisses, migmatites, ophiolitic mélange, metavolcanics, younger granites, and Quaternary sedimentary covers. The application of the total intensity magnetic and reduced-to-pole maps, power spectrum, analytic signal, tilt-angle, and local wavenumber maps helps in recognizing magnetic sources distribution, lineament features, and mineral zones delineation. The obtained results indicate that the depths of the deeper NE–SW, NNE–SSW, and N–S trending structures extend from 400 to 1750 m and shallower ones range from 100 to 400 m. Finally, the main trends of these structures affect the probable mineralization zones.

Sep 22, 2022

By Swades Kumar Chaulya, Vikash Kumar, Sushma Kumari, Naresh Kumar, Girendra Mohan Prasad, Monika Choudhary

During harsh weather conditions, the presence of fog, dust in the environment degrades the image’s quality, which affects the visibility of drivers of heavy earth-moving machinery in opencast mines. Due to low visibility, mining operations cannot be carried out as drivers are easily prone to accidents. This paper proposes a technique that includes developing a vision enhancement system called perceptive driving assistant system for increasing visibility of real-time video of the road in front of the vehicle for operators of heavy earth-moving machinery at opencast mines during harsh weather conditions to overcome the problem. The system consists of high-quality Internet Protocol cameras and thermal cameras for real-time image processing and other well-defined devices, which is quite capable of enhancing the visibility of the image, outlining edges of the road, and detecting obstacles present on the path of operators for smooth driving and reducing threat of accidents. A high-speed graphical processing unit has been used for quality-performance parallel computing, which is well suited for real-time operations to empower fast real-time operations. The calculated frame per second (fps) of image enhancement, object detection, and edge detection is 17.91, 15.91, and 25.09 fps, respectively. The actual frame rate is 26.07 fps, and after applying the algorithm, the final frame rate is 19.65 fps. The calculated accuracy of the object detection model is 81.23%. Field trials indicate that the developed system has performed adequately during foggy weather.

Sep 21, 2022