Search Documents

By Warren Blauvelt

IN VIEW of the enormous wastes of natural resources, of labor and of capital, due primarily to the economic environment, established by legislation, the general neglect of this phase of the problem of the elimination of waste is difficult to understand. In such a study, the engineering method of attacking a problem should be employed. The engineer does not try to solve his problem by disregarding natural laws, but by utilizing them. The successful engineer establishes an environ-ment in which forces, acting in harmony with natural laws upon an object or objects, will produce the desired results. The engineer who notices that the water level in a vessel, into which a gallon of water per minute is flowing, is two feet higher than the level in an adjacent vessel, connected therewith by a 6-in. pipe, does not assume that the law of gravity has ceased to work, or that water no longer seeks its level; he examines the connecting pipe for obstacles which prevent the free flow of water. Some editors, many reformers and most politicians tell us that the law of supply and demand no longer works; hence governmental control of commerce is necessary. Governmental control may temporarily-that is, until trial proves its futility- "insure domestic tranquility" and "promote the general welfare;" but it cannot "secure the blessings of liberty" which it cur-tails, nor can it "establish justice" which it violates.

Jan 9, 1922

By R. W. Ells

That portion of Quebec to which the few remarks I propose to make are more particularly intended to apply, viz., the Eastern Townships, has long been known for its mineral wealth, and has enjoyed a reputation for mining enterprises, second probably to no other part of Canada. Capital has been invested in large amounts at various points, some of which has yielded a handsome return to the investors, while in other cases the inevitable results of rash and foolish speculation have followed, much good money has been sent after bad, and the principal result has been a dearly bought expe- .

Jan 1, 1890

It has been stated, by Sir James M. Barrie, that "the man of science appears to be the only man who has something to say, just now-and the only man who does not know how to say it ". The friendly jibe of the novelist contains enough exaggeration to make it humorous to the followers of Huxley and Spencer; but could any litterateur poke similar fun at the exponents of the avowedly utilitarian branches of science-the men of technology-without suggesting an unpleasant truth? Indeed the engineer does bungle language deplorably. He makes a fetish of efficiency, yet he shows no regard for the effective use of one of his most important tools-the pen; he believes devoutly in accuracy, yet he employs an instrument of precision as carelessly as a small boy handles a gun. This inconsistency may be due to causes such as were indicated by the Academic Senate when it undertook to explain the defective writing of the students in this university.* The Senate suggested that the student is "constantly subjected by his environment to the unedifying influence of myriad examples of poor English", and that he is also affected by "a certain public prejudice against correctness of expression". With these statements most of us will agree. Our local newspapers, for instance, tend to spoil the student's taste for good English; later in life, as an engineer, his daily contact with illiterate men inclines him to careless speech and slovenly writing. As

Jan 1, 1931

By Royal Preston Jarvis

The jig, in one form or another, continues to hold a leading place among the machines designed to separate two or more

Jan 1, 1909

By L. Douglass Anderson

Fox some years past the annual reviews of the metallurgy of lead have almost uniformly stated that there have been no great changes, such as there were, being more particularly noticeable in the refinement of details. While this is quite true, nevertheless these changes in details are gradually bringing about a condition that, taken as a whole, constitutes a considerable advance in the art. Local circumstances have often -compelled metallurgists to adopt certain peculiarities of practice which -upon trial have been found advantageously applicable to more than the restricted district f origin. This paper will deal ' with some of the more novel features developed in recent years at the United States smelter, Midvale, Utah, particularly with reference to the influence of the bag house. The plant is equipped with six blast furnaces, 48 by 160 in., mechanically fed; four Wedge furnaces for roasting matte and sulphide ores; four Dwight-Lloyd sintering machines; 20 converter boxes for blast roasting; storage bins for ore, fuel, and fluxes; "oxide" and "sulphide" sampling mills; bag house taking all the gases of the plant; arsenic plant for treating the dust gathered there; laboratory, shops, etc. The most marked feature of the plant is its complete bag-house system. Of the many schemes thus far tried for preventing damage to surrounding agricultural interests the writer is aware of none as yet quite as efficient as the bag house. A common remark of visitors upon approaching the plant and viewing the clear stacks is that it appears to be shut down, whereas once inside all the evidences of industry are found.

Jan 7, 1914

By L. Douglass Anderson

Fox some years past the annual reviews of the metallurgy of lead have almost uniformly stated that there have been no great changes, such as there were, being more particularly noticeable in the refinement of details. While this is quite true, nevertheless these changes in details are gradually bringing about a condition that, taken as a whole, constitutes a considerable advance in the art. Local circumstances have often -compelled metallurgists to adopt certain peculiarities of practice which -upon trial have been found advantageously applicable to more than the restricted district of origin. This paper will deal with some of the more novel features developed in recent years at the United States smelter, Midvale, Utah, particularly with reference to the influence of the bag house. The plant is equipped with six blast furnaces, 48 by 160 in., mechanically fed; four Wedge furnaces for roasting matte and sulphide ores; four Dwight-Lloyd sintering machines; 20 converter boxes for blast roasting; storage bins for ore, fuel, and fluxes; "oxide" and "sulphide" sampling mills; bag house taking all the gases of the plant; arsenic plant for treating the dust gathered there; laboratory, shops, etc. The most marked feature of the plant is its complete bag-house system. Of the many schemes thus far tried for preventing damage to surrounding agricultural interests the writer is aware of none as yet quite as efficient as the bag house. A common remark of visitors upon approaching the plant and viewing the clear stacks is that it appears to be shut down, whereas once inside all the evidences of industry are found.

Jan 7, 1914

By W. R. Hibbard

Pole figures, torque curves, and coercive force have been determined for the following rolled and annealed permanent magnet alloys: Cunife, Cunico, Silmanal, Vicalloy I, Vicalloy II, and Heusler's Alloy. IN the general category of precipitation-type permanent magnet alloys there is a group of ductile alloys, including Cunife, Cunico, Silmanal, Heusler's Alloy and Vicalloy, which can be extensively rolled and annealed to develop a preferred orientation in the crystals of the matrix material. The rolling and annealing textures of Cunifel and Vicalloy' have been previously investigated qualitatively, but no pole figures are available in the literature. In addition, the role of precipitation in these permanent magnet alloys is still somewhat controversial. It

Jan 1, 1957

Jan 1, 1938

Jan 1, 1938

CONTENTS PAGE WARNER, ROBERT K.-Efficiency of Screening. Discussed by Robert C. Canby,Robert K. Warner, W. 0. Borcherdt, V. E. Flanagan 1 FAHRENWALD, A. W.-Surface Reactions in Flotation. Discussed by Arthur F. Taggart, A. M. Gaudin 7 Efficiency of Screening Discussion of the paper of ROBERT K. WARNER, presented at the New York Meeting, February, 1924, and issued, as Paper No. 1293-M, with MINING AND METALLURGY, January, 1924. ROBERT C. CANBY, Wallingford, Conn.-On page 2, the author speaks of the importance of using a testing sieve clothed with the same material as the screen being studied; does he regard this as essential? In practice, how does the screen efficiency calculated by the difficult-grain method compare with those computed by the usual undersize method? Is it possible by the author's method, to obtain a measure of efficiency that can safely be compared with that of another screen sizing a different ore? ROBERT K. WARNER.-The use of a testing sieve clothed like the mill screen being studied is desirable but not essential for routine work about a mill where the character of the feed varies little, as regards the shape of the grains and the sizing test. Close agreement in size of aperture between the sieve and the screen is, however, important if the data obtained are to be valuable to others working on a different feed. If the testing sieve is coarser than the mill screen, the efficiency will appear unfairly low; whereas if it is too fine one might get efficiencies greater than 100 per cent. because of the apparent oversize in the undersize. In either of these cases the usefulness of the difficult-grain method of calculation would be reduced. As screens wear, the undersize grows appreciably coarser so that it is desirable to test screens only when the cloth is new or else to provide testing sieves that are worn about the same amount. The futility of making efficiency observations on a. distorted or broken screen surface is obvious.

Jan 6, 1924

By J. A. Grimes, Paul Billingsley

A. Introduction. 1. Association of Ores and Igneous Rocks. 2. Identity of Granite Rocks. B. General Geology. 1. Geologic Events of the Igneous Cycle. 2. Association of Igneous Intrusions with Tectonic Forces. C. Igneous Rocks. 1. Andesite Period. 2. Granite Period. (a) Diorite. (b) Quartz-Monzonite. (c) Aplite. (d) Quartz-Porphyry. (c) Quartz-Veins. 3. Rhyolite Period. 4. Comparative Analyses. D. Classification of Deposits. 1. Genetic Classification. 2. Parallelism Between Igneous Stages and Stages of Ore Deposition. Part 2.—The Ore Deposits Andesite Period. A. Andesite Phase. 1. Disseminations—Baggs Creek. 2. Contact Deposits—Iron Mines of Ekhorn Mountains. 3. Fissure Veins—Emery District. (a) Fissure Veins in Andesite Walls. (b) Mineralization Along Bedding of Flows. (c) Mineralization of Amygdaloidal Lavas. (d) Mineralization of Breccia. 4. Summary.

Jan 1, 1918

By George C. Toland

In 1950 the phosphate fertilizer market warranted the design and construction of a new fertilizer plant by Cominco at Kimberley, B.C. The initial rated capacity of the plant was 70,000 tons per year of high- grade ammonium phosphate. The plant was placed on-stream in 1953. One of the major problems in operating the fertilizer plant was the disposal of the gypsum tailings slurry which was a by-product of phosphoric acid manufacture. The original weight of dry tailings produced by the mill was 500 tons per day. This quantity increased over the years until a projected 2200 tpd was selected for the pond design described in this paper. The original gypsum tailing area was located south of the fertilizer plant and adjacent to the St. Mary's River. By 1965 the original disposal area had proven inadequate and Cominco's engineering staff had selected a 500 acre disposal site to the east of the plant.

Jan 1, 1971

By Keith Contor

The concept of using simulators to train operators of vehicles is not new. However, the Bureau of Mines initiated these programs to determine if computer controlled training devices would enhance production and improve safety in the coal mining industry. Two prototype devices have been constructed, tested and are currently operational. The continuous miner and dragline operator training systems both incorporate full scale operator stations using operational controls and displays. The operator interacts with the visual system through the cab controls to perform basic tasks and develop skills required for startup, operation and shutdown of the mining equipment. Data pertaining to the concepts and techniques applied during the design, development and evaluation of the training devices are presented. Descriptions of trainer designs and visual systems for training equipment are presented and the results of the system evaluation are summarized.

Jan 1, 1983

By A. Lee Barrett

THE Maintenance Committee of the Coal Division of the American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers is presenting with this report the first of a series of cost comparisons which it plans to present to the Institute. The plan is to assemble maintenance cost on all equipment connected with mechanical operations at the face of coal mines, to arrange these costs by districts, to make comparisons between districts, and within districts. This particular report covers data with respect to mobile loading machines, including both "on-track" and "off-track" equipment. It is anticipated- in-fact, considerable data have already been accumulated-that next year complete maintenance costs by districts can be presented for complete loading units, including the various classes and combinations of on-track and off-track equipment. Data have also been collected with respect to some phases of maintenance methods and certain recommendations of the committee are included dealing with maintenance problems. In the assembly of these data more than 120 questionnaires were sent to operating companies through- out the United States. At the time the report was written 33 questionnaires had been returned with completed information and an additional group of companies had written that the information requested was not at present available but that they hoped to have such information available in the not far distant future. The replies as

Jan 1, 1946

By Milton H. Ward

This paper contains a review and discussion of the major design parameters of a block caving mine, with special attention given to access, development, and operational methods. Information will be provided on the economics and costs of various design alternatives, and how they can influence financial results of a particular project. Technical and economic factors that pertain to an actual operation, Freeport Indonesia, Incorporated's block caving mine in Indonesia, will be provided, and highlights of the planning, development and operation of this mine will be presented. The major thrust of the paper will be to emphasize the importance of good planning and to encourage economic analysis of various methods of layout and design.

Jan 1, 1981

By H. N. Mills

The glass industry is a major user of many industrial minerals in the manufacture of its product. It is the intent of this chapter to: (1) acquaint the reader with the glass industry by including a few production statistics, and then (2) cover the various aspects of the major raw materials used to make glass. Some of the items covered are: type of materials, their function in glass, their composition, cost, and the relative quantity used in glass vs. totals produced. In addition, a discussion of glass raw material specifications, some byproduct materials used in glassmaking, and comments on future prospects related to the environment, technology, and growth are included. The matter of glass compositions, properties, and batches is considered beyond the scope of this chapter which deals only with raw materials. For more details on the particular minerals and rocks, the reader is referred to the commodity chapters in this book.

Jan 1, 1975

By J. W. Powell

A Federal statute, enacted several years since, provides for the preparation of a geologic map of the United States. There are three requisites for a geologic map. The first is a suitable base- or surface-map upon which the rock-formations may be platted by means of conventions ; the second is a classification of the rocks and formations, and the third is a system of conventions by which the rocks and formations may be represented on the map. When the work of the Federal bureau created to prepare the geologic map was commenced, a topographic survey of the country was undertaken for the purpose of making maps suitable for the use of geologists in the field and for the representation of the geology; and this work has ever since been continued. The surveys have now extended over about one-fifth of the national domain, and are mapped on a series of atlas-sheets, each constituting a section of the great map of the United States. About 700 of these atlas-sheets are completed. They are in extended use among engineers, miners, prospectors, map-publishers and educators, and are thus widely known; moreover, these base-maps have been exhibited, described and discussed at meetings of the Institute, and thus do not require detailed consideration. Classification of Bocks and Formations. Modern classification is designed to express natural relation. In the beginning of observational science, or natural science, objects were discriminated and grouped by differences and resemblances; but at first the differences and resemblances recognized in the classification were external, even superficia1,'and often confined to single features. Later, groups of features and characteristics, both external and internal, were recognized as the basis of classification ; and of recent years, throughout the entire domain of biology, and to a considerable extent in the kindred sciences, classification is based not

Jan 1, 1893

By O. L. Kowalke

During the last few years the use of base-metal thermocouples has increased very considerably in various industries, due to the necessity for more precise control of temperatures. The base-metal couple has the advantages of being robust to a surprising degree, cheap as compared with platinum couples, sufficiently accurate for most operations, rapid in indicating changes in temperature, easily renewed or repaired, and of generating a much higher electromotive force than the noble-metal couples. There are, however, some factors, such as indicating and recording instruments, the insulation on the elements, the constancy and homogeneity of the wires, and the resistance to oxidation in the furnace, that limit the. Usefulness of the temperature-measuring device. It is the purpose of this paper to discuss in what manner these factors affect the usefulness of the couples.

Jan 9, 1919

By H. M. Roberts

H. M. ROBERTS, Minneapolis, Minn. (communication to the Secretary*). -The rifling of drill cores is a frequent source of interest to men engaged in diamond drilling. Previous to the appearance of Dr. Crane's paper, there has been little record of connected observation or rigid speculation as applied to the cause of rifling. Replying to one of Dr. Crane's letters of inquiry, I ventured my opinion that the cause of rifling was a complex problem in physics, which I had not attempted to solve up to that time, except to ascribe it to the general cause of rotation and vibration of the rods. The question is worth attention not only as a matter of curious scientific interest but also for the reason that it stimulates thought on

Jan 10, 1916

By Edward J. Bagnall

The major raw material feed properties of size distribution and chemistry are examined in relation to their effect on sinter operating conditions, plant productivity, sinter physical quality, reduction- degradation characteristics and sinter texture and mineralogy. The resultant physiochemical properties of these sinters are related to their behaviour in subsequent ironmaking operations.

Jan 1, 1977