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Through partnering with mining customers, DYNO has been able to develop some specific technologies that benefit blasting operations particularly in underground mining. Some of these areas are: 1. Cost allocation and product tracking systems; 2. Borehole video surveys of breakthrough blastholes; 3. Borehole video photography for logging VRM blastholes; 4. Toe-load uphole loading for sublevel cave mining operations; 5. 3D blast modelling for underground ring blasting. This paper outlines these developments in the context of a Canadian underground metalliferous mine.

Jan 1, 1995

By N Ross, N Goldup

In recent years the heavy mineral mining industry has started to look more closely at the feasibility of mining moderate to high slimes deposits. During the initial stages of orebody evaluation the primary purpose of the pilot plant is to produce heavy mineral concentrate for metallurgical evaluation. Hence, generally little consideration is given to the disposal of the waste material (slimes and tailings). This paper suggests additional, simple, low-cost, tests that can easily be incorporated into an initial pilot plant operation. With this data a more definitive evaluation of available waste disposal options can be made during the early stages of the project. Thus, permitting better project focus and utilisation of resources. These tests include free settling of slimes, natural slimes drying and consolidation (undrained and drained), tailings stacking angles, and particle size distributions of input and waste streams, etc. The objective and method of each test is summarised, together with its relevance to possible waste disposal options. The results of this preliminary testwork can later be used to expand upon and define further tests for the second phase of pilot plant operations, which will enable a more definitive evaluation of a proposed waste disposal solution.

Jan 1, 2001

By McDonald K. J, Flann R. C

A liquid phase sintering (LPS) process for preparing basket anodes from nickel powder has been scaled-up and the innuence of compact green density and sulphur content, as well as sintering conditions (period and syngas now.rate) on the perfonnance of anodes has been evaluated. The product anodes have been tested in an industrial electroplating tank. It is concluded that if anode residues are to be minimised, then with a sintering temperature of 960"C, compact green density needs to be as high as economically achievable (85 - 87 per cent density of solid nickel) and the sintering period approximately 40 minutes. With these constraints, if residual sulphur contents of anodes are to be kept as low as those of commercial anodes, then the sulphur content of the green compacts would need to be less than 1670 ppm. At the same time, it is also found that residual sulphur concentrations as high as 2000 ppm are beneficial to anode pcrfonnancc and not detrimental to the quality of the electroplate. The ability of the LPS process to produce marketable nickel anodes for the electroplating industry is clearly demonstrated.

Jan 1, 1993

Modelling and Optimisation of Direct Reduction of Iron Ore by Coal in a Rotary Kiln

Sep 13, 2010

A 3-D computerised model of the southern part of Greymouth Coal Limited's Coal Mining Licence area has recently been completed. This model, and associated 3-D CAD tools, has/is being used to optimise drillhole spacing during exploratory data collection and as a visualisation and interpretation aid. This model will also provide the basis for future mine planning, with the emphasis on an optimal mine outline to maximise safety and profitable coal extraction. Previous use of computer techniques was restricted to drillhole database entry, storage and log production. Recently a 3-D geological/structural model was created for the Southern Rapahoe Sector of the Greymouth Coalfield. Geostatistical analysis of the database highlights the inadequacy of the present drillhole spacing for preliminary mine planning. The sparsity of hard data at depth results in a lower level of confidence in the accuracy of the 3-D model. Nevertheless, the model and 3-D CAD techniques has been used to target and refine ongoing resource evaluation, and provides the basis for initial reserves. In the future the geologic model will be used as the basis for preliminary and later (optimal) mine planning. It is also expected to accommodate other forms of data input in seam drilling and seismic. Development of the 3-D computer model was a first in the Greymouth Coalfield and highlights both the use of computerised techniques for resource evaluation and mining, and the effects of wide spaced drillhole data on model accuracy. The computer will continue to provide the most efficient and cost effective tool for optimal resource evaluation and mine planning as Greymouth Coal Limited moves from feasibility/mine planning to full production. The increased use of computer-based methods for mine planning should be seen as part of 'The Changing Face of West Coast Mining' in line with the theme of this Conference.

Jan 1, 1996

By Egan J. R

Changes have recently been applied to the Sullivan Concentrator lead and zinc circuits to treat fine-grained ores which make-up the majority of ore reserves in the mine. Pilot plant testwork conducted in 1990 - 91 indicated that concentrate grades would be substantially improved by reducing the particle size (Pao) of the lead from 38 to 15 ¦m and the zinc from 45 to 24 ¦m. Circuit revisions involved installation of major new equipment including: two 600-kilowatt Vertimills for regrinding, a four metre diametre column flotation cell and a four metre diameter hyperbaric pressure filter for dewatering. Duties of the existing regrind mills were Reassigned.

Jan 1, 1993

By Wong PLM, Hsu YJ, Nguyen HH

The treatment of copper-gold ores has been plagued by several problems because of the interaction of copper minerals with the cyanide leach solution and the dissolved gold cyanide. Apart from the higher consumption of cyanide caused by the dissolution of various reactive copper minerals such as azurite, malachite, chalcocite, cuprite and bornite, native copper also causes the loss of gold due to its cementation reaction with the soluble gold cyanide. This interaction however is complicated by the strong dependence of various copper-cyanide species on the solution pH and free cyanide concentration.By understanding the effect of various operating conditions (pH and cyanide concentration), several treatment processes could be implemented to minimise the copper-gold interaction and to separate copper from mixed copper-gold cyanide solutions.

Jan 1, 1997

Various aspects of the history of mining at The Zinc Corporation, Limited (ZC) and New Broken Hill Consolidated Limited (NHHC) are examined. There are some discussions about the various methods used to mine the pillars left after the primary mining operations, with an enphasis being placed on the more modern pillar mining methods. Some new pillar mining proposals are presented. INTRODUCTION In the past, pillar reserves at ZC/NBHC have been scheduled for mining by labour intensive and high unit cost mining methods. These methods include both undercut and fill and overhand square set timber stoping. Recent technological advances in large diameter longhole drilling and high charge density explosives have culminated in the mechanised Vertical Crater Retreat (VCR) mining method and this method has been successfully used for the extraction of two pillars at NBHC and more stopes are planned. However the use of VCR methods for mining pillars at ZC/NBHC is restricted to approximately 50 per cent of the total pillar reserves and it appears that high cost methods will be needed to mine the remaining Pillars.

Jan 1, 1983

By Gomm SA

The Mount Tom Price Concentrator, which contains a heavy medium cyclone plant for beneficiation of the -6+0.5mm fraction of low grade iron ore, is described. Testwork was carried out on an opportune basis over a period exceeding twelve months, to evaluate the separation performance of the heavy medium cyclones. Plastic density tracers were used and ore samples were taken and analysed. The effect of operating medium specific gravity (S.G.) on the separation parameters, the iron grade of the sinks product, and the mass and iron recoveries were investigated. Also examined were the differences in perform- ance between particles of different size. The implications of the findings for plant oper- ation are discussed.

Jan 1, 1987

By Martin R. E

L44 Shaft is a major upcast ventilation shalt in the hanging wall of the 1100 Orebody. Various techniques for stripping a raisebored pilot hole were combined to produce L44 shaft. From the surface to 198 m depth, the shaft was concrete lined 7.3 m internal diameter. Below this the shaft was developed to 7.6 m diameter unlined. 11 level, 540 m below the surface, was the first readily accessible level connection. The section to 198 m depth was benched and concrete lined through weak oxidised ground. When more competent ground was encountered the operation was converted to horadiam stripping. This application of the raiseborer has led to a safer, more efficient method of shaft development.

Jan 1, 1977

The LeadtZinc Concentrator at Mount lsa treats all the lead-zinc-silver ore from the Mount Isa Mine and some of the ore from the Hilton Mine. This concentrator was commissioned in June 1966 and total lead-zinc-silver ore treatment was transferred from the Mount rsa's original No 1 Concentrator in May 1967. Plant capacity is around 5 x 106 t/y.There have been three phases of major plant modifications since commissioning:1. replacement and upgrading of the flotation section in 1979; 2. upgrading of the crushing plant and installation of a heavy medium hydrocyclone plant in 1983 for ore preconcentration, and; 3. doubling ball milling capacity and a further upgrading of the flotation section in 1992.Other developments have included the installation of flotation columns and Jameson cells.The evolution of milling practice since 1955 has been reported by Davey and Slaughter (1970), Bartrum, Dobrowolski and Schache (1977), Fiedler and Munro (1984) and Espinosa-Gomez el al (1989).Lead concentrate is smelted in Mount Isa while zinc concentrate and bulk concentrate (locally called Low Grade Middlings or LGM) are railed to Townsville and shipped to custom electrolytic zinc plants and ISP smelters.

Jan 1, 1993

Extensive infrastructure construction works were required for the development of the underground and open-cut coal mine at Ulan to a production capacity of 5 million tonnes of steaming coal per annum. The Ulan Mine development project was constructed in a two year period at a cost of $240 million. The infrastructure component included the construction of the mine site building works, civil works and 150km of railway, valued at $105 million. These works were successfully completed under a construction management agreement within two years. The separate elements of the project are described in detail in the paper.

Jan 1, 1983

By I Sherrell, R Jain, P Jansson

With the depleting iron reserves and difficult market conditions, precision in separation efficiency is of utmost importance. Classical local control options are predominant in the industry, but their inability to adjust to resolve application problems of interest has furthered the need of developing and implementing continuous control methodologies.This paper highlights the recent development in control of Outotec SLon® vertically pulsating high gradient magnetic separator (VPHGMS) including programmable logic controllers (PLC) coupled with distributed control system (DCS), on-site human–machine interface (HMI) control panel, advanced process control, continuous online sampling using Courier® 8 and additional modernisation packages including level control and cooling monitoring. These modern control options result in improved efficiencies, promote safer operation and at the same time reduce operational manpower needs.CITATION:Jain, R, Sherrell, I and Jansson, P, 2017. Automation for efficient separation with the Outotec SLon® vertically pulsating high gradient magnetic separator, in Proceedings Iron Ore 2017, pp 211–214 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).

Jul 24, 2017

INDEX OF CONTENTSComposition of the Brown CoalsIntroductionComposition as minedComposition from drilling explorations:Latrobe Valley Area, East Gippsland, Welshpool-Alberton West Area, Altona-Bacchus Marsh Area, Lal Lal Area, Dean's Marsh Area. The Coal Constituents:Vitrain, fusain, detrital coal, resin, Sulphur, types, distribution, Ash, composition, sulphur, phosphorus, chlorine,,titanium, vanadium, distribution in seam, fusibility, source, mineral ash, chemical ash Bitumen, tar. Factors causing Variation in Composition:Pressure of overburden, moisture content, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, calorific power, density, compression by warping, abnormal moisture, initial differences in vegetation, conditions of sedimentation, weathering before re-burial.Summary and AcknowledgmentsList of References

Jan 1, 1945

Based on the idea to copy crystallisation and precipitation phenomena occurring in nature, a new technology was developed allowing the preparation of metastable, mineral forming solutions. If these solutions are brought into soil or rock formations, directed precipitation of slightly soluble minerals takes place. Immobilisation of dissolved heavy metals as well as overlaying of reactive mineral surfaces with insoluble minerals can be achieved. It is possible to prepare solutions leading to the formation of gypsum, BaSO4, CaCO3, Ca(OH)2, Al(OH)3 or Fe(OH)3. The successful large-scale application of BaSO4 forming solutions was demonstrated in the former uranium mine Koenigstein of Wismut GmbH, (Germany).

Jan 1, 2003

The Broken Hill orebodies have 'traditionally been mined by cut and fill trethods. In the mid-1950's New Broken Hill Consolidated Limited experimented with sublevel longhole open stoping but did not pursue the method due to inefficient loading and poor fragmentation. The introduction of longhole open stoping in 1968 was a radical change and was necessary to enable the profitable extraction of lower grade orebodies and this method is now used for 55% of the production from The Zinc Corporation, Limited and New Broken Hill Consolidated Limited mines.

Jan 1, 1982

By Woodcock J. T, Millett R. N

It was shown that manganese dioxide could be used as an oxidant in acid thiourea leaching of a gold ore. Manganese dioxide could generate high redox potentials and was as effective as hydrogen peroxide in the leaching process. Results obtained under closely controlled leaching conditions confirmed that high redox potentials enabled faster dissolution of gold to be obtained but led to extremely high reagent consumptions (thiourea, acid, and manganese dioxide). Additions of sodium sulphite solution in an attempt to lower thiourea consumption by reducing formamidine disulphide back to thiourea were only marginally successful. Although thio- urea consumption was slightly decreased, the consumption of acid and manganese dioxide was substantially increased and there was no net benefit in using sulphite. Tests in which a single addition of mangan- ese dioxide was made before addition of thiourea minimized overall reagent consumption and gave only a slightly lower dissolution rate of gold. This is a promising technique for further Investigation.

Jan 1, 1987

By Hoban M, Smith CJ

Norwich Park Mine commenced production of export coking coal in November 1979. Attention to consumables control was limited during the early running of the plant. Once higher than anticipated magnetite consumption levels were confirmed, efforts were directed at determining the causes. Extensive plant sampling, monitor- ing of operational procedures and plant modif- ications have led to a significant reduction in magnetite usage.

Jan 1, 1978

By Lawson F

The leaching behaviour of BHAS copper matte in oxygenated acidic sulphate chloride solutions at 85¦C has been studied using samples containing 34% copper, 41% lead and 12% sulphur. Copper sulphide in the matte, essentially Cu2S was found to leach in two distinct stages. Similar to the behaviour of pure chalcocite, copper dissolution in the first stage was affected by the availability of oxygen in solution. The presence of chloride ions in the leachant was essential if there was to be any leaching in the second stage (which usually commenced after about 40% of the copper had been taken into solution). Lead sulphide in the matte was oxidised to lead sulphate and formed a shell around the partially leached matte particles. Electrochemical studies showed that this lead sulphate and/or sulphur produced during leaching can form a passivating layer around the copper sulphide. However, this layer was disrupted when chloride ions were present. A Plackett-Burman analysis was used to determine the species in the recycled leach solution that affect the leaching of copper. Under the experimental conditions used, in the first stage the rate of copper dissolution was influenced by the concentrations of sulphuric acid, Zn(II), Cu(II), Fe(III) and Cd(II). In the second stage, the rate was futher modified by the concentrations of Cl(I) and As(V) ions. In solutions of low acidity and high As(V) concentration, insoluble copper arsenate formed which coated the partially leached matte particles and acted as a barrier to futher reaction.

Jan 1, 1989

By Rolley P

In the course of reviewing grade control practices at the Marvel Loch gold mine in Western Australia in 1992, FSSI Consultants developed and implemented a novel approach to ore selection using a method to maximise financial return (the MP method*). The approach was based on improved grade control sampling and an ore selection method which directly incorporates both a measure of the uncertainty in knowing the true grade of selection units in the definition of ore, as well as the operating cost and revenue parameters of the mining operation. During the past four years, FSSI Consultants have evaluated and refined the use of this approach and have implemented customised variations of the MP method at seven gold mines and a gold-copper mine in Australia. The previous methods of ore selection at most of these operations were based mainly on polygonal - sectional methods of grade estimation. At all of the sites where grade control optimisation has been given a fair trial over several months of production, the use of the MP method has been consistently rewarding to the mining operations. The benefits include increased run of mine ore stockpiles and low-grade stockpiles and decreased fluctuation in the production grade. Most operations have also benefited from a consistent ability to improve production grade through high-grading of the increased ore production. The increase in ore production has the logical benefit of reducing stripping ratios, increasing mine profitability and mine life.

Jan 1, 1997