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By Showers JAF

The Western Mining Corporation mining lease on the Bendigo Goldfield measures 5krri x 18km with more than 20 anticlinal folds parallelling th long north-south boundaries. Numerous closely spaced shafts and extensive underground workings on the reef lines along the folds flooded with groundwater following the progressive abandonment of the field. Preliminary water sampling and assessment demonstrated that a major dewatering programme and acceptable disposal methods were necessary to dewater interconnected old workings in areas of interest prior to any underground work taking place. A field wide geohydolic investigation was undertaken to establish geohydraulic parameters, groundwater recharge rates and water qualities. Data from the field investigation together with estimates of the volume geometry of the submerged workings as obtained from old mine plans, production history, and limited pump testing results were used with an appropriate analytical model to obtain estimates of water discharge rates required to reach various dewatering targets. Water disposal options were limited by relatively high salinities, arsenic levels, contained hydrogen sulphide, and the mine locations within the urban areas surrounding Bendigo. Direct disposal to the surface drainage system could not be considered, treatment to acceptable discharge standards was not economically feasible, and it was necessary to adopt a strategy of collection, containment, and evaporation.

Jan 1, 1988

By H. L. Liu

With the exploitation of mineral resources, valuable minerals are more and more finer and poorer. Priority reclaiming liberation grind particle under rough grinding, will help to pervert loss of melts, raise dewatering efficiency of concentrate, reduce consumption of reagent. And it is propitious to reduce energy consumption and raise the utilization rate of resources. With the feature of coarse particle?s desorption and deposition, CLF flotation machine has special pulp circulating way, which is not only apply to treat coarse particle but also normal size particle. The paper advanced the history, the design principle, the structure feature and the application of CLF flotation machine.

Jan 1, 2014

By Alejandra Díaz Valdiviezo

En las últimas décadas, la minería no metálica tuvo un crecimiento contínuo y progresivo en todo el mundo. En ese sentido, el presente texto describe la Matriz de usos y aplicaciones como herramienta virtual que busca difundir de forma rápida, actualizada y la información geológica y económica relacionada con las RMI. Esta matriz visualiza las ocurrencias y canteras distribuidas en el territorio por sustancias, regiones, provincias y cuadrángulos que indican los usos y empleos en los principales sectores económicos del país, constituyéndose en el nexo entre productores mineros, industriales, inversionistas en general.

May 1, 2013

By D Symonds, S S. Kanchibotla, L Kennelly, G McNamara, J Gaunt, B Adiyansyah

Ban Houayxai is a gold-silver mine operated by Phu Bia Mining Limited in Laos since 2012. The first two years of operation processed predominately soft oxidised ore but subsequent years were expected to process more fresh hard ore. Fragmentation of the fresh primary ores was also expected to be much coarser than for the soft oxide ores. This coarser and harder ore is expected to significantly reduce mill throughput and mining productivity. The Ban Houayxai management realised the potential downside risk when processing fresh harder ores and implemented a blast optimisation project to deliver finer fresh ore to the mill without unduly increasing blast induced dilution and damage.JKTech and the Ban Houayxai drill and blast team began a joint blast optimisation project in April 2013 to achieve finer fragmentation from fresh ores. This was achieved by modifying the bench geometry, blast patterns and applying exceptionally high levels of quality control during implementation. Blast induced ore loss and dilution was controlled by adjusting the ore blocks for blast movement. Finer fragmentation from these modified designs improved mill throughput for the hard fresh ore by 46 per cent above design on average. These new practices have been embedded in site operating procedures and have provided a quick reference ‘cookbook’ document for the engineers.CITATION:Gaunt, J, Symonds, D, McNamara, G, Adiyansyah, B, Kennelly, L, Sellers, E J and Kanchibotla, S S, 2015. Optimisation of drill and blast for mill throughput improvement at Ban Houayxai Mine, in Proceedings 11th International Symposium on Rock Fragmentation by Blasting, pp 307–314 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).

Aug 24, 2015

By Jehan Rondot

Les trois intrusions alcalines de Suzorite en haute Mauricie, bien que non datees, son! sans doute d ,attacher aU)( nombreuses autres intrusions alcalines dispersees sur les blocks Grenvillia et Laurentia et datees de I 050 Ma =t= 10%, done reliees d l'orogene grenvilien. L 'utilisations de la Suzorite est liee d sa forte proportion de phlogopite (>50%). Le rapport Mg/Fey varie de 3 d 7. Sa mineralogie et sa composition particulieres (forte proportion de Mg, Ket H20) en font son attrait.

Jan 1, 1984

By Bruno Pinheiro da Silva

Controlar a distribuição de carga do Alto Forno é fundamental para o controle de processo, e através de sua otimização, dentre as mais variadas configurações operacionais, busca-se lograr da estabilidade do processo e aproveitamento do gás no interior do reator. Para tal, utiliza-se um sistema de carregamento, sendo o mais usado na atualidade o do tipo Bell Less Top com calha rotativa. Durante o carregamento do forno as partículas passam pela calha rotativa, resultando em abrasão dos elementos de desgaste que por sua vez, altera a geometria da mesma, gerando alterações na trajetória das partículas carregadas e a mudança de trajetória pode perturbar a marcha do Alto Forno. Nesse contexto, a boa condição da calha passa a ser um fator essencial para a manutenção da estabilidade operacional. O presente trabalho, aplica o método dos elementos discretos (DEM) para caracterizar os efeitos do desgaste da calha na trajetória do material descarregado, podendo assim avaliar melhor os distúrbios na estabilidade do Alto Forno, e com isso a indicar o melhor momento para troca da calha.

Oct 30, 2017

By G. W. Dopson, P. A. Korpi

The angular spiral lining system reduces energy consumption and grinding media consumption in grate discharge ball milk. This paper discusses the effect of this lining system on mill product size distribution. Performance comparison of a grinding circuit outfitted with angular spiral liners in ball mills are made with respect to standard double wave-liner installations. The angular spiral lining system was developed by Waagner-Biro of Austria. The installation of this lining system at Magma Copper Co. is the first of its kind in a grate discharge ball mill used for wet grinding.

Jan 1, 1983

By D. J. Carney, J. Chipman, N. J. Grant

An absolute calibration has been achieved for sampling and analyzing liquid steel for hydrogen based on Sieverts' values of hydrogen solubility in iron. Further checks were made in nickel, iron-nickel, and 18-8 stainless melts. The sampling method was successfully applied to a large number of commercial steel melts in various types of furnaces. The concurrent problem of sample storage was also solved. THE problem of sampling of liquid steel for hydrogen is more difficult than the problem of analysis. Hydrogen has a greater mobility than any other element; it is the only element that will diffuse out of steel at room temperature. In accordance with the known relation between temperature and diffusivity, the diffusion of hydrogen is extremely rapid at the temperature of liquid steel. Consequently, in the past, attempts to quench molten steel to retain the dissolved hydrogen have not been as successful as similar attempts with nitrogen or oxygen. The retention of hydrogen is especially difficult since it will continue to escape at room temperature even if the molten metal has been rapidly quenched. The hydrogen sampling methods may be classified broadly as (1) the rapid quenching techniques which attempt to preserve super saturation and (2) those methods which attempt to collect the gases evolved as the metal freezes and cools to room temperature. With all methods of sampling but especially with the rapid quenching methods, there is also a concurrent problem of storing the sample until analysis is undertaken. The two problems are interrelated and must be considered together when discussing liquid steel sampling techniques. The major obstacle in liquid steel sampling has been that there was no way of evaluating properly the various sampling and storage techniques which have been developed. It has not been possible to compare the accuracy of the various methods. For evaluation of sampling methods some known standard is required; this may be found in the published work on the equilibrium solubility of hydrogen in liquid iron which has been determined in three separate investigations.1,2,3 The data are shown in table I. Sieverts' original method of obtaining gas solubilities involved measurement of the volume of gas required to saturate the liquid metal contained in an evacuated bulb of known volume. This procedure, improved by introduction of high frequency induction heating, has yielded reproducible results which appear to be entirely dependable. Using Sieverts' method, it has been proved for iron and other metals and alloys that the hydrogen solubility is proportional to the square root of the pressure of the hydrogen gas above the liquid, so that one may work with various partial pressures of hydrogen to put different amounts of hydrogen in solution. From Sieverts' law it is possible to know accurately what amount of hydrogen is dissolved in the liquid metal at the time of sampling. The accuracy of a sampling method may be gauged by reference to this known solubility. It was the purpose of this investigation to develop a method for sampling liquid steel and for storing the sample so that the analytical result would represent the actual hydrogen content of the metal bath. For this purpose an induction furnace was

Jan 1, 1951

The U.S. Bureau of Mines conducted a series of laboratory tests in a full-scale model to determine the respirable quartz dust capture efficiency of an irrigated-filter collection system while testing different filter densities, different filter materials, preconditioning water sprays, and wetting additives in the spray water. Impactor samplers were operated upstream and downstream of the filter unit to determine overall dust collection efficiency. The impactor filters containing the 0.7-to 4.7-J.l-m size fractions were analyzed for quartz content, and these data were used to calculate quartz dust collection efficiency. The results of this testing indicated that (1) increased ftIter density improved quartz dust collection, but also resulted in a significant increase in pressure drop across the filter, (2) an alternate synthetic filter material improved dust collection without increasing pressure drop, (3) preconditioning sprays mounted in the system ductwork can have a beneficial effect on dust collection, and (4) additives to the spray water did not significantly increase dust collection.

Jan 1, 1990

By A. L. Mular. Discussion by G. A. Parks

G. A. Parks (Associate Professor, Dept. of Mineral Engineering, Stanford Univ., Stanford, Calif.) - Professor A. L. Mular in his paper Effect of Impurities on the Flotation Behavior of Zinc Oxide (T.P. 65B206) has made a most interesting and thought provoking contribution. In view of his recognized lack of measurements of the ZPC's of the doped samples and lack of direct evidence for participation of semi-conducting electrons in collector adsorption an alternate explanation should be considered. The alternate also

Jan 1, 1967

By Adam Shang Robert Fu

The Yung-Chung-Tunnel in Taiwan, constructed for the Taiwan-East Railway Bureau, collapsed during construction when a water bearing, fractured marble zone was intersected. The inflow was approximately 4,000 liters/second. In spite of 30 relief holes the total inflow into the tunnel remained constant. The pre-excavation grouting through the re-aligned tunnel had to be conducted under extreme flow-conditions. A hot bitumen grouting program was selected for technical and economical reasons out of 13 international proposals. The technical challenges were: grouting under severe flow conditions high formation water pressures to be injected with hot bitumen at high temperatures and pressures The hot bitumen grouting program resulted in a dramatic reduction in the hydraulic conductivity and stabilization of the formation and facilitated a problem-free excavation.

Jan 1, 2007

By H. B. Smith, B. Egererg

In a previous paper1 the authors dealt with the physical properties of cold-rolled and heat-treated Britannia metal of the approximate composition Sn, 91 per cent., Sb, 7 per cent. and Cu, 2 per cent. It was found that cold rolling to more than 50 per cent. reduction produced a continuous softening of the metal when measured by the Brinell machine, whereas the Shore instrument indicated increased hardness; that the strength of the material followed the Brinell hardness and that the metal therefore became weaker the more it was cold-rolled; and further, it was found that hardness and strength could be largely restored to the cold-rolled metal by "baking" for about one hour at any temperature between 200" and 450" F., the melting point. The higher the baking temperature, the more effective was the heat treatment as far as increased hardness was concerned. It seemed to be of little importance whether the metal was soaked or not at the baking temperature for a great length of time and the rate of cooling seemed to be immaterial. The present paper deals with the same alloy and more particularly with the resistance towards various forms of stress — tensile, bend and deep drawing. The metallography of Britannia metal has in part also been covered and an explanation attempted for the abnormal behavior of this alloy. Tensile and Bend Tests Two ingots 73/4 in. wide, 11 in. long and ¾ in. thick were cast from the same pot. One ingot was cold-rolled in one direction to a strip 0.241 in. thick, which furnished the tensile test specimens; the other ingot was rolled in the same way to 0.253 in. and furnished the specimens for the bend tests. The ingots were cast as described in the previous paper and cold-rolled in six passes.

Jan 1, 1930

By R. Barany

In this paper, closed expressions have been obtained for the frequency spectrum of a Born-Karman square lattice in terms of elliptic and hyperelliptic integrals. This work is part of continuing research by the Bureau of Mines with the thermodynamic properties of metals and minerals. Although other workers have obtained various types of approximations for the general case of the frequency spectrum of a square lattice, no one previously has obtained closed analytic expressions for this spectrum. To understand the optical and thermodynamic properties of crystals, several investigators have studied the distribution of frequencies of normal modes of vibration of the crystal lattice. Born and Karman3 laid the foundation for the theory of lattice dynamics and obtained detailed results for the case of a one-dimensional lattice. Blackman4 used numerical techniques to estimate the frequency distribution of a two-dimensional square lattice. Mbntroll5 analytically determined the frequency distribution of a square lattice for a particular value of the force constants. He also studied the more general problem and obtained some analytic approximations, using the method of moments. However, the calculations by this method were so difficult that it was not always practicable to carry them out. Van Hove6 and Montroll7 studied the nature of the singularities in the frequency spectrum of both a two and

Jan 1, 1962

By Rob van Dorp

Most traditional foundation designs are based on soil investigations using Standard Penetration Testing (SPT), sometimes combined with static load testing on sacrificial trial piles. However, this design approach has two major shortcomings. First, SPT data do not provide direct and continuous informa- tion about soil resistance as a function of depth. Second and more important, because of the relatively wide spacing between borehole locations, SPT soil investigations do not provide adequate information about variability of soil profile and/or soil resistance over the project area. Preliminary pile load testing on an SPT location can compen- sate for the first disadvantage but cannot address the second disadvantage. A design approach based on an adequate soil investigation campaign with Cone

May 1, 2022

By S. Sarac

In this study, graphical and mathematical methods used to determine operating points in single or multiple fan ventilation systems are summarized. The problem is mathematically formulized for parallel connected fans in which analytical solutions are not possible. For n number of parallel connected fans, a non-linear equation system that consists of n number of non-linear equation sis derived. The Newton-Raphson method, which is a numerical analysis method, is adapted to solve this non-linear equation system and the solution steps are given as an algorithm. A computer program based on this algorithm is written and its applicability is proved.

Jan 1, 2000

By G. Abramov

The 20th Century saw the modern mining industry enriched by one outstanding method of extracting of mineral resources called Borehole Mining (BHM). Mean while, despite its successful track record in wide ranging locales, few specialists are yet aware of this technology. The intent of this article is to introduce borehole mining to a wider spectrum of drilling and mining professionals. The BHM method is based on in-situ water jet cutting of rock mass. On Fig. 1 the schematic of the method is presented. The borehole mining tool 1 is lowered into the borehole 2 and high pressure water 3 is pumped down. At the bottom part of the tool, one portion of that water comes out through the hydromonitor nozzle 4 in a shape of water jet 5 and cuts the material 6 creating slurry 7. The other portion of high pressure water then comes to the hydroelevator 8 (jet pump, eductor) which produces a vacuum. When the slurry reaches this vacuum zone, the eductor sucks the slurry and pumps it up to the surface, where rock parts are separated from water in a tank 9 or a pond and clarified water is pumped down again closing the re-circulating BHM water supply system. The borehole mining tool is suspended on a drill rig tower 10 which allows the tool to rotate and move vertically along the borehole axis. While extracting rock mass, underground caverns (stopes) 11 are created. If necessary, compressed air 12 can be injected to the raising slurry flow to create an airlift effect. Also, a secondary agent 13 (such as oil, foam, etc.) can be added to the stope through the gap between the tool and the casing. As seen from the illustration, BHM is the remote mining method of extracting of mineral resources through boreholes by high pressure water jets.

Jan 1, 2001

By D. R. Babich, E. R. Bauer

Noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) continues to be a problem in the mining industry. New noise standards (Part 62) promulgated by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) are aimed at reducing NIHL in the mining industry. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is conducting a cross-sectional survey of noise sources and worker noise exposures to address NIHL in mining. Noise surveys, including full-shift worker noise exposure and equipment noise profiling, have been completed in several surface coal mines, with an emphasis on draglines. The results of these studies are reported, their implications concerning worker NIHL are addressed, and their application to administrative and engineering controls is discussed.

Jan 1, 2003

By Ana C. C. Pacheco, Maurício L. Torem

"The aim of this work was the study of the effect of the type (Fe3+, Al3+ and Fe3+ and Al3+ mixture) and of the coprecipitant concentration on As5+ removal by ACF. Removal of As5+ using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as a collector was studied by Adsorbing Colloid Flotation (ACF) at laboratory scale. The morphology of the precipitate retained in the foam was analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM/EDS).In order to investigate the effect of the initial concentration of Fe3+ on As removal, sets of experiments were performed with a concentration of Fe3+ in the proper range of pH (5,0 – 6,0) previously observed in the coprecipitation tests. As removal improves significantly as the concentration of the coprecipitant agent increases from 60 mg.L-1 (77,4%) to 80 mg.L-1 (99,7%). This is probably due to the higher concentration of ferric hydroxide (Fe(OH)3) which provides a larger surface area available for adsorption of As. From the initial coprecipitant concentration of 80 mg.L-1, As removal has shown to be rather high (? 99,7%), with the maximum being (99,9%) by using a Fe3+ concentration of 160 mg.L-1. Therefore, for a maximum As removal, under these test conditions, the optimum concentration of Fe3+ is 160mg.L-1.This paper also shows the effect of the initial concentration of Al3+ on As removal at a suitable range of pH (7,0 – 8,0). A very significant increase on As removal was found to occur as the initial concentration of coprecipitant was increased from 60 mg.L-1 (35,7%) to 80 mg.L-1 (97,7%) and a decrease in As floatability (43,7% - 54,5%) was found to occur from that Al3+ concentration amount. Based upon those results, the optimum Al3+ concentration so as to remove As under these test conditions is 80 mg.L-1."

Jan 1, 2003

Pyrite Bioleaching and Slag Neutralisation - Two Treatments in a Single Process for Recovering Valuable Metals from Both Materials Very often the production of copper sulfide concentrate yields pyrite concentrate as a by-product. This is the case at the Knre mine in northern Turkey. This kind of concentrate may contain low grades of valuable non-ferrous metals. Bioleaching of such pyrite concentrates is a processing technique to solubilise metals like copper, zinc or cobalt in a sulfuric acid pregnant solution. The pyrometallurgical processing of copper sulfide concentrate produces slag that still contains valuable metals in varying concentrations. Slag is used in many ways: as aggregates, ballast, pavement material, in cement production and glass making. Due to its relatively alkaline nature, it can also be used to neutralise acidic solutions. A preliminary study of the bioleaching of the pyrite concentrate (Co 0.28 per cent, Cu 0.56 per cent and sulfur as sulfide 42.6 per cent) produced at Knre has been undertaken with the assessment of the neutralisation of the acidic bioleach solution by using old slag (Co 0.29 per cent, Cu 1.70 per cent and sulfur as sulfide 0.89 per cent) stockpiled on the site. The main conclusions of the study were as follows: Knre pyrite was amenable to bioleaching at 40¦C. Cobalt solubilisation directly related to pyrite degradation reached a maximum yield above 90 per cent. Final copper recovery was limited to approximately 66 per cent not directly related to bacterial growth and pyrite oxidation. Slag could be used as a substitute for limestone as a neutralising agent in the bioleaching tanks. Cobalt and copper could be recovered from pyrite concentrate and slag simultaneously from both materials. A pre-feasibility study is underway to carry out a preliminary cost estimate of an installation for cobalt and copper production from these two materials processed in a single operation.

Sep 13, 2010

THE method depends upon:--1. The position of the mill.2. The space available for stacking the residue.3. The nature of the residue as discharged from the mill.4. The value of the residue for re-treatment.5. The requirement of the residue for underground filling.Originally the conditions in this district varied mainly in the position of the mill, some mills having an elevated site with plenty of dumping space for the time being, whilst others had a flat site, and very little dumping space near at hand; but in most cases the residue discharged was in the form of filter-press cakes, suitable for conveying on belts, or in trucks, and stacking in a high clump; and, while a portion of the residue was used for underground filling, the dump was regarded as a valuable asset, to be re-treated later. Under these conditions, conveyor belts, electric trams, aerial trams, and hose trucks, all gave satisfactory results, and the following figures, taken from "'West Australian Metallurgical Practice," will show how these methods compared as regards costs...

Jan 1, 1909