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By W. B. Plank, A. C. Callen

WAR and normalcy do not walk hand in hand, whether it be in industry, the educational field, or in the daily lives of individuals. Schools and departments offering curricula in mineral engineering have been seriously disrupted, beginning with 1942 and reaching a low during 1944. Selective Service regulations and voluntary enlistments have effectually stopped the flow of college-trained men into the mineral industry, and the flow into the colleges is little more than a dribble. The year just closed has been a most serious one for our institutions. Until March many of our faculties had been kept reasonably intact because of the large training programs of the Army and Navy. Although the number of

Jan 1, 1945

This paper discusses current workforce demand projections for mineral processing engineers and emerging trends in mineral processing education. Attempts are made to identify gaps that often result in a mismatch between skills taught and skills needed by the practicing engineer. Clear examples of this include a less than uniform training in chemical aspects of mineral processing, and an understanding of the statistical and experimental design tools necessary to tame the often-large variation in operational parameters and plant data. The end goal is an educational system modernized to prepare mineral processing specialists for productive careers in the sustainable development of natural resources. A framework for revamping education based on an integrated modular approach is also presented. Keywords: mineral education trends, mineral processing programs

Sep 1, 2012

By Charles H. Fulton

THE Engineering Education group began its sessions Tuesday morning, Feb. 16, as a Committee and wound up the day as the Institute's fifth " Division." C.II. Fulton presided. The first paper for discussion was entitled "Teaching Management in Engineering Schools,"' by Eugene McAuliffe, president of the Union Pacific Coal Co., space for which may be found later in these pages. In it, Mr. McAuliffe argued that an engineering student should be taught the knowledge of men, much as a medical school teaches surgery. He then went on to indicate, out of the wealth of his administrative experience, the problems an executive needs to be equipped to handle, and said that every student engineer should look on himself as a potential manager.

Jan 1, 1932

By Thomas T. Read

REVIEWING the events of the year in mineral industry education, a certain amount of either amusement or irritation, depending upon one's viewpoint, can be derived front the section dealing with mining engineering in Walter B. Pitkin's "New Careers for Youth" which appeared during the summer. On p. 102 Prof. Pitkin says "The mining engineer is disappearing .. . because . . . the profits of mining decline rapidly with the age of the mine." In his "Are Too Many Students Taking Mining Courses?" published in the May issue of this journal, W. B. Plank presents statistics showing that there was some decline in student enrollment in mining and metallurgical courses in 1932-3 and 1933-4, compared with 1930-31, but that the decline was proportionate to that in all lines of engineering study combined. Informal reports from Institute officials that have visited tinning schools during the fall indicate that nearly all schools showed an increase in enrollment for the current school year. Pre else statistics will be made available by Prof. Plank at the Annual Meeting. His study last year provided, for the first time, accurate and complete information on the enrollment in mining schools, as well as the number of various courses and the degree granted, and it will be interesting to have comparable figures for this year. Prof. Pitkin's views on the future opportunities for mining engineers were discussed at some length - on pages 439-4.40 of the November issue of MINING AND METALLURGY.

Jan 1, 1935

SUGGESTIONS that existing schools give instruction bearing on the mineral industry, or that schools for that purpose should be established in the United States, began to be made early, and it would require too much space to catalogue them all. Some of the more important may be mentioned to indicate their general character. In the "advertisement to such parents as have now (or expect to have) children prepared to be educated in the College of New York," which appeared in the New York Mercury of June 3, 1754, Samuel Johnson, the first president of King's College, the predecessor of Columbia, said that it was the "design of this college to instruct and perfect the youth," among other things, "in the arts of Numbering and Measuring of Surveying, and Navigation and Geography. . . . and in the Air, Water and Earth around us, and the various kinds of Meteors, Stones, Mines and Minerals, Plants and Animals; and in the knowledge of all Nature in the Heavens above us, and of everything useful for the Comfort, Convenience and the Elegance of Life . . . " Though the concept that natural science should be used to enlarge the bounds of human life was thus implicit at Columbia from the , very beginning (John Stevens graduated from it in 1768, James Renwick in 1807, Horatio Allen in 1833, and A. W. Craven in 1899), it was only during the period of Renwick's professorship of Natural and Experimental Philosophy and Chemistry (1830- 1853) that much attention was given to applied science.* Among the Austin papers, published by the American Historical Association,~ there is a draft in Stephen F. Austin's handwriting of a proposed memorial from the legislature of , Missouri to Congress, not only urging "the propriety and utility * See chapter 4 for early interest in this subject in Philadelphia.

Jan 1, 1941

By Thomas T., Read

SUGGESTIONS that existing schools give instruction bearing on the mineral industry, or that schools for that purpose should be established in the United States, began to be made early, and it would require too much space to catalogue them all. Some of the more important may be mentioned to indicate their general character. In the "advertisement to such parents as have now (or expect to have) children prepared to be educated in the College of New York," which appeared in the New York Mercury of June 3, 1754, Samuel Johnson, the first president of King's College, the predecessor of Columbia, said that it was the "design of this college to instruct and perfect the youth," among other things, "in the arts of Numbering and Measuring of Surveying, and Navigation and Geography. . . . and in the Air, Water and Earth around us, and, the various kinds of Meteors, Stones, Mines and Minerals, Plants and Animals; and in the knowledge of all Nature in the Heavens above us, and of everything useful for the Comfort, Convenience and the Elegance of Life . . . " Though the concept that natural science should be used to enlarge the bounds of human life was thus implicit at Columbia from the very beginning (John Stevens graduated from it in 1768, James Renwick in 1807, Horatio Allen in 1823, and A. W. Craven in 1829), it was only during the period of Renwick's professorship of Natural and Experimental Philosophy and Chemistry (1820- 1853) that much attention was given to applied science.* Among the Austin papers, published by the American Historical Association,2 there is a draft in Stephen F. Austin's handwriting of a proposed memorial from the legislature of Missouri to Congress, not only urging "the propriety and utility

Jan 1, 1941

By Donald H. McLaughlin

MINERAL industry activities have not been seriously hampered by a lack of men with higher training. The balance between opportunities for employment and advancement and available personnel has been a happy one, with enough competition to stimulate effort but not the unfortunate conditions arising from an overabundance. of employment seekers. Nearly all mineral industry educational institutions have been concerned about the falling enrollment in mining and metallurgical courses of study during the past decade. But industry has drawn upon a supply of many types of technically trained men apart from those who prepared their careers specifically in the mineral industry. Some schools have made this possible by uniting geologists, mineralogists, and others with students in mining and engineering. On the other hand, some schools have combined their department of mining engineering with an over-all engineering department and continue to send their graduates into the mineral industry by another route. On the whole, this seems to be a good trend and is likely to result in men better trained for current problems than would have been possible under the older rigid curricula.

Jan 1, 1947

Mining and metallurgy are more capital intensive than all other industry in Australia. Capital demands are met by domestic and foreign sources of finance for whom the major constraints are the supply of funds and factors of risk and uncertainty. in both mineral development and institutional financing policies, specific options are available to administrators which would allow mining to benefit from a more reliable supply of capital. The strength of major partners involved and overseas participation are important aspects of financing mineral developments. Future changes in financing for the mineral industry are considered most likely in variable interest rate funding, in the leasing of major plant items, and in the development of flexible techniques to ease the burden of infrastructure costs. In a consultancy sense, financiers are available to mining to assist with and to advise on optimal develop- ment of mineral industry projects.

Jan 1, 1975

By Roger V. Pierce

"WITHOUT mineral wealth, modern man would not exist. True, man could survive on a stone-age basis with an average life expectancy of, say, 25 to 30 years -once he got past infancy.However, no metal would tip his arrow in a hunt for protein; no steel plough would break the soil for the organized planting of seed; and no coal, nor oil, nor natural gas nor uranium fuels would pro-vide him with light or beat or safety from either beasts, or other men, or an unkind nature that threatened him and his family.Modern agriculture, fishing and forestry represent the other three wealth-producing industries. With-out metals, non-metallics and energy minerals, however, it would be impossible to fit any of these to man's modern needs."

Jan 1, 1967

By Hillary W. St. Clair

Mining activity began in colonial times with ironmaking operations scattered along the eastern seaboard. Iron furnaces and forges manufactured iron implements from bog iron ores using charcoal from the extensive forests as a fuel. Lead ores were mined in the Mississippi Valley and copper ores in the Lake Superior region. However, the real beginning of the American mining industry did not occur until the 19th century. The history of American mining is organized around three epochal events. The first was the discovery of gold in California in 1848, which marked the beginning of a period of apprenticeship in mining and metallurgical techniques. The second was the discovery of the fabulous Comstock Lode in western Nevada in 1859, which expanded mining throughout the Far West and led to large-scale underground mining and the development of smelting techniques for lead, silver, and copper ores. The third event was the building of a transcontinental rail-road system after the Civil War, which brought about the consolidation of the industry from a large number of independent mines, mills, and smelters into integrated operations run by large corporations. Thus developed the mining industry that today supplies the energy and critical materials for the great-est industrial complex the world has known.

Jan 1, 1977

In this issue, the Bureau of Mines announces the availability of the latest of its Mineral Perspectives series: ?MP-4, mineral Industry of Western Europe." This publication describes the mineral industries of 19 Western European countries. For readers unfamiliar with this new series, reproduced below and on the two succeeding pages, is the section dealing with the mineral industries of France. Information regarding acquisition of this publication is found inside the back cover of this issue. FRANCE France is a moderately important producer of minerals, including iron ore, coal, potash, fluorspar, and uranium. In addition, France is a significant processor of imported minerals, chiefly for its own consumption. In general, it has exportable surpluses only of a little iron ore (low-grade ore exported to Luxembourg) and some nonmetallics.

Jan 1, 1977

By A. M. Gaudin

In the first place, let me thank you for inviting me to appear before you today to speak to you on "Mineral Industry Problems - Present and Future". It is a distinguished honor for me to have this opportunity, and I am highly appreciative of this distinction. The beautiful surroundings of Gatlinburg and the pleasantness of a summer occasion are a wonderful tonic for all of us, yet they should not blind us to the seriousness of our Industry's problems No doubt, because of my past appearances before members of the Society of Mining Engineers, at which I discussed wholly scientific topics, or research in the Applied Sciences, you may be expecting me to revert to these subjects. But I intend to venture in a field that is new to me, yet old to all of us, the field of Economics.

Jan 1, 1962

By R G. Barker

The NZ Minerals Industry Association has continued to advance the interests of the minerals sector through leading the establishment of a Minerals Industry Advisory Committee, and the preparation of a technology strategy with funding assistance from the Foundation for Research, Science and Technology. The current moves mirror those of more than 30 years ago when a government initiative led to a resurgence of exploration through amending the mining legislation, redirecting Government research priorities and tax changes. The economic and political and commercial environment in 2001 is very different from that of the 1960s and success of these new initiatives depends on the continuing support and involvement of all sectors of the minerals industry, and building an improved relationship with the Government and the public.

Jan 1, 2001

By Robert P. Koenig

FOR the first time other than on occasion of war the people of the United States are experiencing full-scale participation in world affairs. Public concern has seldom been so involved with conditions and events beyond our own continental limits. Our interest is not wholly of recent origin. Over the years the activity of the United States as a world power and an important trading nation brought about the widening of our political interests and the progressive interrelation of our economy with that of the rest of the world. Some may see in our present phase of world-wide activity the natural consequence of our continued growth. Such observers must also be aware that within recent years our importance in world affairs has been considerably increased. For within the space of an extremely short period events have occurred that have literally jet-propelled the United States into the role of a leading participant in the conduct of world affairs. Little of the choice of this role was left to us. The decline of power in western Europe, the ascendancy between the Elbe and the Pacific shore of an obviously antagonistic force, our earnest endeavor to secure international control of atomic energy, the necessity of providing relief and rehabilitation to war-ravaged areas, and the police work that must be done in occupied territories are problems which have risen in great measure without our help-but they cannot be solved without it.

Jan 1, 1948

Polluted air and water, despoiled land and excessive noise are the unwelcome results of the population growth and a rising standard of living. The consumption of goods and services, including metal products and minerals, by all people is increasing so rapidly that civilization is in danger of destroying the environment in which it lives. This is true because every human activity affects the environment, whether it is air, water or land. While E. F. Osborn, director, U.S. Bureau of Mines, says . . . "some members of the mineral industry are reluctant to recognize environmental demands" . . . William T. Pecora Under Secretary of the U.S. Department of the Interior.. . says that, "to maintain levels of resource development and environmental quality needed to satisfy our affluence, we must trade off values rather than turn off troublesome operations." What it seems to boil down to is how much control of its operations is the mineral industry willing to accept-internal policing or strict government control? The answer lies in how well the mineral industry maintains a balance between mineral development and environmental quality.

Jan 1, 1971

This report is the first in a "final" series of publications on the Juneau Mining District (JMD). This volume summarizes the results of Bureau of Mines (Bureau) investigations in the JMD during the period 1984-1988. Volume 2 consists of a detailed description of Bureau investigations of mineral de-posits, prospects, and occurrences. Volume 3 is a report on industrial minerals within the district. This study has identified and examined more than 300 mines, prospects, and occurrences containing gold, silver, copper, zinc, lead, nickel, cobalt, tungsten, molybdenum, chromium, and PGM. More than 20 of these were discovered during this study. An additional 20 prospects not mentioned in the literature were rediscovered during the JMD study.

Jan 1, 2012

By Kenneth Maas

The Bureau of Mines devoted portions of the 1987-1988 field seasons to investigate the mineral aggregate industry in Juneau, Skagway, Haines, and Gustavus, Alaska, as part of the Juneau Mining District study. Statistics compiled for current suppliers include location, activity, reserve estimates, expected mine life, and types of commodities available. Each population center, except for Gustavus, is well endowed with suitable mineral aggregate to last at least 20 years. The Bureau of Mines quantified the mineral aggregate resource in many large potential sites within each area. Sampling, engineering and soil-index testing, site descriptions, deposit dimensions, and gold recovery information is described. Refraction seismic studies performed at three localities revealed gravel thicknesses in excess of 40 to 80 feet. In the Juneau area the Herbert/Eagle Rivers outwash area, East Fork Lace River. Antler/Gilkey Rivers, and Grizzly Bar (Taku Inlet) individually contain in excess of 60 million yd3 of excellent-quality aggregate with minor accessory gold credits. Haines is also well endowed with aggregate resources; large, quality deposits occur along and at the confluences of the Chilkat, Katzehin, Klehini, Tsirku, and Kicking Horse Rivers. Large deposits of granitic aggregate exist in the Skagway River and East Fork Skagway River.

Jan 1, 2012

By Dale William Avery

Thirty mines and prospects were studied; 22 are within the Dolus Lakes RARE II area. Three properties within the area and one adjacent to it were determined to have indicated or inferred gold, silver, or molybdenum resources (fig. 1 and table 1) associated with quartz veins and shear zones or quartz-pyrite stockworks in granodiorite. Five other properties in the area and three just outside have potential for the discovery of gold and silver resources. Minor amounts of very fine-grained placer gold are in glacial outwash in and near the area. The John G. Carlisle Mine (fig. 1, no. 9) produced 120 oz (3.7 kg) of gold between 1897-1899. The Independence Mine produced 481 oz (15 kg) gold, 197 oz (6.1 kg) silver, and 189 lb (86 kg) of copper between 1926 and 1935. These mines are adjacent to the study area's northern boundary.

Jan 1, 1983

By Harry W. Campbell

A mineral survey conducted by the U.S. Bureau of Mines in 1983 identified no mineral resources in the Beaver Meadows, Blind Horse Creek, Chute Mountain, Deep Creek/Battle Creek, and North Fork of Sun River Wilderness Study Areas (WSA's). A prospect east of the Beaver Meadows WSA has low potential for lead resources. Sand, gravel, and limestone occurrences are numerous in the WSA's; however, similar or better quality materials outside the areas are abundant and more accessible to potential markets. Impure coal and titaniferous-magnetite occurrences are near the WSA's, but are not known to occur within these areas. In 1983, there were 7,025 acres leased for oil and gas within the five WSA's; no current mining claims were in or near any of the WSA's. Evidence of mining activity was found at only one prospect in the WSA's. It is inside the Deep Creek/Battle Creek WSA; no resources or resource potential were identified at this prospect.

Jan 1, 1984

By Terry J. Close

The Gates of the Mountains Wilderness study area is underlain by intrusive and sedimentary rocks, mainly limestone. No limestone has been produced from the study area; suitable material is more readily available elsewhere. Small amounts of gold, sapphires, and corundum were produced from a placer deposit along the banks of the Missouri River. The remaining gravel contains low mineral values. Other alluvial deposits along the Missouri River and Beaver Creek contain no identified economic resources other than sand and gravel. Some deposits could provide suitable construction material for local use.

Jan 1, 1984